Gender and forum shopping in land conflict resolution in Northern Uganda

References

• Adoko, Judy, and Simon Levine. 2008. “Falling Between Two Stools. How Women's Land Rights are Lost between State & Customary Law in Apac District, Northern Uganda.” In Women's Land Rights & Privatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 101–120. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Adoko, Judy, and Simon Levine. 2009. “How can We Turn Legal Anarchy into Harmonious Pluralism? Why Integration is the Key to Legal Pluralism in Northern Uganda.”, In Conference Packet, Customary Justice and Legal Pluralism in Post Conflict and Fragile Societies. Hosted by the United States Institute Of Peace George Washington University, World Bank, November 17–18.
   Google Scholar
• Ansoms, A., and N. Holvoet. 2008. “Women & Land Arrangements in Rwanda. A Gender-Based Analysis of Access to Natural Resources.” In Women's Land Rights & Privatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 138–175. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Anying, I. 2012. Re-Envisioning Gender Justice in Access and Use of Land Through Traditional Institutions: A Case for Customary Tenure of Land Ownership in Acholi Sub-Region, Northern Uganda. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Human Rights https://menneskeret.dk/files/media/dokumenter/udgivelser/irene_report_ok.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barnabas, O. D. 2013. “Tragedy of the Commons: From Victims of Lord's Resistance Army Conflict to Victims of Land Conflicts.” Universal Journal of Education and General Studies 2(1): 15–20.
   Google Scholar
• Barrera, A. 2015. Violence Against Women in Legally Plural Settings: Experiences and Lessons from the Andes. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Basu, S. 2012. “Judges of Normality: Mediating Marriage in the Family Courts of Kolkata, India.” Signs 37(2): 469–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benda-Beckmann, F., and K. von Benda-Beckmann. 2010. “Multiple Embeddedness and Systemic Implications: Struggles over Natural Resources in Minangkabau since the Reformasi.” Asian Journal of Social Science 38(2): 175–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branch, A. 2007. Fostering the Transition in Acholiland: From War to Peace, from Camps to Home. Gulu: Human Rights Focus.
   Google Scholar
• Branch, A. 2008. “Gulu Town in War … and Peace? Displacement, Humanitarianism and Post-War Crisis.” Crisis States Working Paper Series No 2, Working Papers 36. London: London School of Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, Christopher., and Emiat Emmanuel Egaru. 2011. “Identification of Good Practices in Land Conflict Resolution In Acholi .” Kampala: United Nations Peace Building Program.
   Google Scholar
• Chirayath, L., Sage, C., Woolcock, M., 2005. Customary Law and Policy Reform: Engaging with the Plurality of Justice Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Chopra, Tanja, and Deborah Isser. 2012. “Access to Justice and Legal Pluralism in Fragile States: The Case of Women's Rights.” Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 4(2): 337–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corradi, Giselle. 2011. “Access to Justice in Pemba City: How Exploring Women's Lived Realities with Plural Law Uncovers Programmatic Gaps.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 43(64): 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Daley, E. 2008. “Gender, Uenyeji, Wealth, Confidence & Land in Kinyanambo. The Impact of Commoditization, Rural-Urban Change & Land Registration in Mufindi District, Tanzania.” In Women's Land Rights & Privatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 61–82. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, C. 2009. Social Torture: The Case of Northern Uganda, 1986–2006. New York: Berghahn
   Google Scholar
• Domingo, Pilar, and Tam O'Neil. 2014. The Politics of Legal Empowerment: Legal Mobilisation Strategies and Implications for Development. London: ODI Report. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Englert, B., and Daley, E. 2008. “Introduction: Women's Land Rights & Privatization.” Women's Land Rights & Privatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 1–17. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Englert, B. 2008. “Changing Land Rights & Gendered Discourses. Examples from the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania.” In Women's Land Rights & P rivatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 83–100. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Girling, F. K. 1960. The Acholi of Uganda. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, L., and M. Kevane. 1999. “Diminished Access, Diverted Exclusion: Women and Land Tenure in Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Studies Review 42(2): 15–39.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, Anne. 1996. “Legal Pluralism in Africa: The Role of Gender and Women's Access to Law.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 19(2): 93–108.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, John. 1986. “What is Legal Pluralism ?” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 24(18): 1–55.
   Google Scholar
• Helfer, L. R. 1999. “Forum Shopping for Human Rights.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148(2): 285–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellum, Anne. 2000. “Human Rights and Gender Relations in Postcolonial Africa: Options and Limits for the Subjects of Legal Pluralism.” Law & Social Inquiry 25(2): 635–655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch, S. F. 1998. Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African Islamic Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hopwood, J., and R. R. Atkinson. 2013. Land Conflict Monitoring and Mapping Tool for the Acholi Sub-region. Kampala: United Nations Uganda. http://www.lcmt.org/pdf/final_report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Juenger, F. K. 1988. “Forum Shopping, Domestic and International.” Tulane Law Review 63: 553–572.
   Google Scholar
• Khadiagala, L. 2001. “The Failure of Popular Justice in Uganda: Local Councils and Women's Property Rights.” Development and Change 32(1): 55–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindi, F. I. 2010. “Challenges and Opportunities for Women's Land Rights in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda.” MICROCON Research Working Papers 26. Accessed December 2 2015. http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/field_protection_clusters/Uganda/files/HLP%20AoR/Uganda_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Womens_Land_Rights_2010_EN.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kobusingye, D. N., M. Van Leeuwen, and H. Van Dijk. 2016. “Where do I Report My Land Dispute? The Impact of Institutional Proliferation on Land Governance in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 48(2): 238–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardi, Cherry, Leben Nelson Moro, Martina Santschi, and Deborah H. Isser, 2010. Local Justice in Southern Sudan. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace. http://www.usip.org/publications/local-justice-in-southern-sudan
   Google Scholar
• Levine, S., and J. Adoko. 2006. “Land Rights and Displacement in Northern Uganda.” Humanitarian Practice Network 34: 23–25. Accessed December 2 2015. http://odihpn.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/07/humanitarianexchange034.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Martiniello, G. 2015. “Social Struggles in Uganda's Acholiland: Understanding Responses and Resistance to Amuru Sugar Works.” Journal of Peasant Studies 42(3–4): 653–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels, Ralf. 2009. “Global Legal Pluralism.” Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences (5): 243–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S. F. 1973. “Law and Social Change: The Semi-Autonomous Social Field as an Appropriate Subject of Study.” Law & Society Review 7(4): 719–746.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, S. F. 1978. Law as a Process, an Anthropology Approach. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Okuro, S. O. 2008. “Struggling with In-Laws & Corruption in Kombewa Division, Kenya. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Widows’ and Orphans’ Land Rights.” In Women's Land Rights & Privatization in Eastern Africa, edited by B. Englert and E. Daley, 121–137. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, Nitya. 2007. “Custom and The Courts: Ensuring Women's Rights to Land, Jharkhand, India.” Development and Change 38(2): 299–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouland, Norbert. 1994. Legal Anthropology. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, Stanford.
   Google Scholar
• Rugadya, M. A. 2008. Northern Uganda Land Study. Analysis of Post Conflict Land Policy and Land Administration: A Survey of IDP Return and Resettlement Issues and Lesson: Acholi and Lango Regions. Report for the World Bank. Accessed December 2 2015. http://www.landcoalition.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/northern_uganda_land_study_acholi_lango.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Spiertz, H.J.. 2000. “ Water Rights and Legal Pluralism: Some Basics of a Legal Anthropological Approach.." In In Negotiating Water Rights, edited by B.R. Burns, R.S. Meinzen-Dick, 162–200. New Delhi: Vistaar..
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, J. 2000. Access to Justice in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Traditional and Informal Justice Systems. London: Penal Reform International. http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/ssaj4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stickler, M. 2012. Due Diligence on Lands at Risk of or Subject to Land Acquisitions in Uganda. Washington, DC: World Resource Institute and Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2013. Report of the Secretary General on the activities of the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa and on the Lord's Resistance Army-affected areas. Document S/2013/297. Geneva: United Nations. Accessed December 1 2015. http://unoca.unmissions.org/Portals/unoca/4thUNSG%20REPORT%20ON%20UNOCA%20AND%20ON%20THE%20LRA%20-%20MAY%202013.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Unruh, J. D. 2009. “Humanitarian Approaches to Conflict and Post-Conflict Legal Pluralism in Land Tenure.” In Uncharted Territory, edited by Sara Pantuliano, 53–66. Colchester: Practical Action Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Vanderlinden, Jacques. 1989. “Return to Legal Pluralism: Twenty Years Later.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 21(28): 149–157.
   Google Scholar
• Wehrmann, B. 2008. Land Conflicts: A Practical Guide to Dealing with Land Disputes. Eschborn: GTZ. http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/5409.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, S., S. M. Babiiha, R. Mukyala, and L. Meinert. 2013. “Remaining Internally Displaced: Missing Links to Security in Northern Uganda.” Journal of Refugee Studies 26(2): 283–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whytock, Christopher A. 2010. “The Evolving Forum Shopping System.” Cornell Law Review 96: 481–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojkowska, Ewa. 2006. Doing Justice. How Informal Justice Systems Can Contribute. Oslo: United Nations Development Programme. http://www.democraciaejustica.org/cienciapolitica3/sites/default/files/doingjusticeewawojkowska130307.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Woodman Gordon, R. 1998. “Ideological Combat and Social Observation; Recent Debate about Legal Pluralism.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 30(42): 21–59.
   Google Scholar
• von Benda-Beckmann, K. 1981. “Forum Shopping and Shopping Forums: Dispute Processing in a Minangkabau Village in West Sumatra.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 13(19): 117–159.
   Google Scholar
• “Why is Customary Protection Failing to Prevent Land Grabbing, 2009?” In Policy Brief 4, 1–4. Kampala: The Land and Equity Movement in Uganda. Accessed December 2 2015. http://land-in-uganda.org/assets/Policybrief4-Why-is-customary-tenure-failing-to-prevent-land-grabbing-26-9-2009.pdf.
   Google Scholar