References
- Agarwal, Surabhi. 2013. “Govt Plans to License ‘Brand Aakash.’” Business Standard, June 19. http://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/govt-plans-to-license-brand-aakash-113061800902_1.html
- Agarwal, Pawan. 2007. “From Kothari Commission to Pitroda Commission.” Economic and Political Weekly, February 17, 554–557.
- Agarwal, Surabhi, and Prashant K. Nanda. 2012. “Sibal Ejects DataWind, to Go Solo.” Mint, February 21. http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/l5sy8ygLZffm2hEdM60KbI/Sibal-ejects-DataWind-to-go-solo.html
- Ambani, Mukesh, and Kumarmangalam Birla. 2000. Report on a Policy Framework for Reforms in Education. Special Subject Group on Policy Framework for Private Investment in Education, Health and Rural Development, Prime Minister’s Council on Trade and Industry, Government of India, April.
- Annanthakrishnan, G. 2011. “Power in Your Palm.” The Hindu, October 15. http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/power-in-your-palm/article2539906.ece
- Anwer, Javed. 2014. “It’s Time We Chucked the Aakash Tablet in the Bin.” DailyO, December 25. http://www.dailyo.in/technology/its-time-we-chucked-the-aakash-tablet-in-the-bin/story/1/1231.html
- Asthana, Sanjay. “Broadcasting, Space, and Sovereignty in India.” Media, Culture & Society 35, no. 4 (2013): 516–534.
- Bhatt, Rakesh Mohan. 2004. “Growth of Computing Technology for Education in Modern India.” In History of Computing in Education, IFIP 18th World Computer Congress, TC3/TC9 1st Conference on the History of Computing in Education, Toulouse, France, edited by J. A. N. Lee and John Impagliazzo, 91–102.
- Bhattacharya, Jairaj, Chiteisri Devi, and Kenneth R. Foster. 2012. “Searching for the Aakash.” IEEE Spectrum, February 01. http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/tools-toys/searching-for-the-aakash#
- Chander, Romesh, and Kiran Karnik. Planning for Satellite Broadcasting: The Indian Instructional Television Experiment. Paris: The Unesco Press, 1976.
- Chaudhary, Apurva. 2012. “Updated: Aakash 2 Manufactured In China and Not India: Report; Datawind Refutes Allegations.” MediaNama, November 27. http://www.medianama.com/2012/11/223-aakash-2-manufactured-in-china-and-not-india-report-datawind-refutes-allegations/
- Chauhan, C. P. S. “Education for All in India: A Second Look.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 28, no. 2 (2009): 227–240.10.1080/02601370902757091
- Chopra, Ritika. 2012. “Kapil Sibal’s Cheap Aakash Proves to be a Dud.” Mail Today, January 08. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kapil-sibal-cheapest-tablet-of-world-aakash-failure/1/167730.html
- Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Government of India. Report No. 19 of 2013 – Union Government (Civil) – Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Compliance Audit Observations. Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
- De, Minakshi. “EDUSAT – The Indian Satellite for Education.” Current Science 87, no. 8 (2004): 1034.
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. 2013. “Finalization of Technical Specifications of Aakash IV – Invitation of Comments from Stakeholders.” June 27. http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/Press%20Release%20Aakash%20IV%20Specs.pdf
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. 2013. “Proposed Aakash IV Technical Specifications.” June 27. http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/Proposed%20Aakash%20IV%20Technical%20Specifications_0.pdf
- Department of Space. Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Government of India. Report No. 22 of 2013 - Compliance Audit on Union Government (Scientific and Environmental Ministries/Departments). New Delhi: Government of India, 2013: 23–53.
- Express News Service. 2009. “Finally, a Glimpse of the $10 Laptop.” Indian Express, February 04. http://archive.indianexpress.com/story-print/418846/
- Farmer, Victoria. “Television, Governance, and Social Change: Media Policy through India’s First Half-century of Independence.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2003, 116.
- Ghosh, Mohul. 2014. “DataWind Partners with BSNL to Offer Free Internet for a Year.” Trak, July 18. http://trak.in/tags/business/2014/07/18/datawind-bsnl-free-internet/
- Goel, Karan. 2012. “Aakash Tablet Hands On – Full Review.” MashGeek, May 18. http://www.mashgeek.com/aakash-tablet-review/1000/
- Gooday, Graeme. “Re‐writing the ‘Book of Blots’: Critical Reflections on Histories of Technological ‘Failure’.” History and Technology 14 (1998): 265–291.10.1080/07341519808581934
- Graham, Stephen, and Simon Marvin. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities, and the Urban Condition. London: Routledge, 2001.10.4324/9780203452202
- Jasanoff, Sheila, ed. States of Knowledge: The Co-production of Science and Social Order. New York: Routledge, 2004.10.4324/9780203413845
- Jasanoff, Sheila. “Governing Innovation: The Social Contract and the Democratic Imagination.” Seminar, 597. May 2009.
- Julka, Harsimran. 2012. “14 Lakh Aakash Tablets Booked in 14 Days.” The Economic Times. January 03. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/14-lakh-aakash-tablets-booked-in-14-days/articleshow/11345695.cms
- Julka, Harsimran. 2012. “Datawind Breaks Ties with Supplier, Aakash Delayed.” The Economic Times, April 14. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-04-14/news/31342139_1_iit-rajasthan-and-datawind-android-tablets-aakash
- Julka, Harsimran, and Gulveen Aulakh. 2011. “Tender for $35 Laptop Project Cancelled.” The Economic Times, January 18. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-18/news/28432799_1_laptop-project-bank-guarantee-sakshat
- Krishnan, Mangala Sunder. 2014. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning: Frequently Asked Questions. Madras: Indian Institute of Technology. http://www.nptel.ac.in/pdf/NPTELFAQ.pdf
- Kurup, Saira. 2011. “We Want to Target the Billion Indians who are Cut off.” Times of India, October 09. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/deep-focus/We-want-to-target-the-billion-Indians-who-are-cut-off/articleshow/10284832.cms
- Maharaj, Ashok. “An Overview of NASA-India Relations.” In NASA in the World: Fifty Years of International Collaboration in Space, edited by John Krige, Angelina Long Callahan, and Ashok Maharaj. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013a: 211–234.
- Maharaj, Ashok. “Satellite Broadcasting in Rural India: The SITE Project.” In NASA in the World: Fifty Years of International Collaboration in Space, edited by John Krige, Angelina Long Callahan, and Ashok Maharaj. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013b: 235–246.
- Mehta, Goverdhan, Rajendra S. Pawar, H. P. Kincha, Vinaysheel Gautam, and D. K. Bandyopadhyay. Report of the Evaluation Committee on NMEICT. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
- Ministry of Human Resource Development. “Revised ICT@Schools Scheme.” 2012. http://ictschools.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdf/ICTscheme.pdf
- Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology – Mission Document. Government of India, New Delhi, 2009.
- Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. 2011. “The History of Aakash Low Cost Access cum Computing Device.” Sakshat, October 05. http://archive.sakshat.ac.in/pdf/Final_Note_Aakash.pdf
- Mitra, Sugata. “Minimally Invasive Education for Mass Computer Literacy.” Presented at the CRIDALA Conference, Hong Kong, June 21–25, 2000. http://www.hole-in-the-wall.com/docs/Paper01.pdf
- Mitra, Sugata. “Self Organising Systems for Mass Computer Literacy: Findings from the ‘Hole in the Wall’ Experiments.” International Journal of Development Issues 4, no. 1 (2005): 71–81.10.1108/eb045849
- Moudgalya, Kannan M., D. B. Phatak, N. K. Sinha, and Pradeep Varma. “Genesis of Aakash.” CSI Communications 36, no. 10 (2013): 21–23, 29.
- Mudliar, Preeti, and Joyojeet Pal. “ICTD in the Popular Press: Media Discourse around Aakash, the ‘World’s Cheapest Tablet.’” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development: Full Papers – Volume 1, 43–54. New York: ACM, 2013. doi:10.1145/2516604.2516629.
- Mukherjee, Arindam. 2009. “Bonsai Netbooks.” Outlook, February 16. www.outlookindia.com/article/Bonsai-Netbooks/239719
- Nambissan, Geetha B. “Poverty, Markets and Elementary Education in India.” TRG Poverty and Education Working Paper Series, Max Weber Stiftung, 2014.
- Nanda, Prashant K., and Surabhi Agarwal. 2013. “Government Close to Giving Up on Aakash Project.” Mint, March 22. http://www.livemint.com/Politics/fmEi8gsOSFgOzSTFfLsw6 J/Govt-almost-gives-up-on-Aakash-says-no-point-in-hardware-ob.html
- National Council of Educational Research and Training. Position Paper of National Focus Group on Educational Technology. Government of India, New Delhi, 2006, 6.
- Negroponte, Nicholas. 2010. “Welcome: $35 Tablet for Education.” One Laptop Per Child, July 29. http://blog.laptop.org/2010/07/29/welcoming-indias-tablet/
- Indian Space Research Organisation. EDUSAT – Brochure. Bangalore: Indian Space Research Organisation, Government of India, 2005.
- Pahwa, Nikhil. 2010. “HCL Wins Contract for 100,000 $35 Tablets for India.” MediaNama, September 03. http://www.medianama.com/2010/09/223-35-tablet-hcl-india/
- Pahwa, Nikhil. 2012. “Aakash Tablet RTI: Rs. 47.72 Cr For 100,000 Tabs, Cost $49.98 Each; No Tender Docs With Ministry.” MediaNama, May 23. http://www.medianama.com/2012/05/223-aakash-tablet-rti-rs-47-72-cr-for-100000-tabs-cost-49-98-each-no-tender-docs-with-ministry/
- Parthasarathi, Ashok. 2012. “Cloudy Outlook for Aakash.” The Hindu, May 21 (Updated: May 22, 2012). http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article3439629.ece
- Parthasarathy, Balaji, Aswin Punathambekar, G. R. Kiran, Guntuku Dileep Kumar, Janaki Srinivasan, Richa Kumar, and Solomon Benjamin. Information and Communications Technologies for Development: A Comparative Analysis of Impacts and Costs from India. Bangalore: International Institute of Information Technology, 2005.
- Phalkey, Jahnavi. “Introduction: Science, History and Modern India.” Isis 104, no. 2 (2013): 330–336.10.1086/670950
- Planning Commission, Government of India. Evaluation Report on Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE). Government of India, New Delhi, 1981.
- Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2010. “Low Cost Access-Cum-Computing Device Unveiled by Shri Kapil Sibal.” Press Information Bureau, July 22. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=63417
- Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2011. “Address of Shri Kapil Sibal during the ‘General Policy Debate’ at the 36th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO.” Press Information Bureau, October 30. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=76896
- Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2011. “Shri Kapil Sibal Launches ‘Aakash’, Low Cost Access Device.” Press Information Bureau, October 05. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=76476
- Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2012. “President Unveils Aakash Version 2.0 Tablet on National Education Day.” Press Information Bureau, November 11. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=88984
- Press Trust of India. 2012. “Aakash 2 Tablet Unveiled at UN Headquarters.” The Economic Times, November 29. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-11-29/news/35433152_1_aakash-tablet-suneet-singh-tuli-datawind
- Press Trust of India. 2012. “Aakash Tablet: Datawind Opposes IIT’s Test Standard.” The Times of India. January 16. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Aakash-tablet-Datawind-opposes-IITs-test-standard/articleshow/11508146.cms
- Press Trust of India. 2013. “HRD Ministry may Abandon Aakash Tablet if Datawind does Not Meet the Terms.” DNA, March 23. http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-hrd-ministry-may-abandon-aakash-tablet-if-datawind-does-not-meet-the-terms-1814461
- Press Trust of India. 2013. “Kapil Sibal: Aakash Tablet is My Unfulfilled Dream.” Financial Express, December 24. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/kapil-sibal-aakash-tablet-is-my-unfulfilled-dream/1211284/0
- Rabkin, April. 2012. “How the Failed Aakash Tablet is an Object Lesson in India’s Long Road Ahead to Tech Innovation.” Fast Company, June 18. http://www.fastcompany.com/1839297/how-failed-aakash-tablet-object-lesson-indias-long-road-ahead-tech-innovation
- Raina, Pamposh. 2011. “Is India’s Elusive $35 Laptop at Hand?” The New York Times, August 03. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/is-indias-elusive-35-laptop-at-hand/
- Raina, Pamposh, and Mia Li. 2012. “India’s ‘Aakash,’ Now Made in China.” The New York Times, November 26. http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/26/india%E2%80%99s-super-cheap-tablet-now-made-in-china/
- Raina, Pamposh, and Heather Timmons. 2011. “Meet Aakash, India’s $35 ‘Laptop’.” The New York Times, October 5. http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/meet-aakash-indias-35-laptop/
- Raina, Pamposh, and Heather Timmons. 2012. “The Aakash Project’s Bitter Finish.” The New York Times. April 30. http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/30/the-aakash-projects-bitter-finish/
- Rajadhyaksha, Ashish. The Last Cultural Mile: An Inquiry into Technology and Governance in India. Bangalore: The Centre for Internet and Society, 2011.
- Rajan, Nandagopal. 2013. “100,000 Aakash Tablets Delivered: DataWind.” Business Today, May 3. http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/aakash-tablets-delivery-datawind/1/194666.html
- Rangarajan, A. D. 2009. “‘Ultra-low-cost’ Access Device Introduced.” The Hindu, February 04. http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/04/stories/2009020457282000.htm
- Rangaswamy, Nimmi, and Payal Arora. “Mobile Internet in the Wild and Everyday: Case Studies from the Slums of Urban India.” Presented at Revisiting the Emancipatory Potential of Digital Media in Asia Symposium, Leiden University, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands, January 24–25, 2014.
- Sai Gopal, M. 2011. “City Firm Develops World’s Cheapest Tablet PC ‘Aakash’.” The Hindu, October 08. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/city-firm-develops-worlds-cheapest-tablet-pc-aakash/article2520296.ece
- Scott, James C. Seeing Like A State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999.
- Siddiqi, Asif. “Making Space for the Nation: Satellite Television, Indian Scientific Elites, and the Cold War.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 35, no. 1 (2015): 35–49.
- Singh, Seema. 2012. “What Went Wrong With the Aakash Tablet.” Forbes, June 25. http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/what-went-wrong-with-the-aakash-tablet/33218/0
- Starosta, William J., and Allen H. Merriam. The Impact of Media Technology in Peasant Societies: The Case of SITE. Educational Communication and Technology 34, no. 01 (1986): 39–45.
- Sterling, Bruce. 2001. “Simputer.” The New York Times, December 09.
- Subbaraman, Nidhi. 2011. “The Big Ideas Inside a New Version of India’s $35 Aakash Tablet.” Fast Company, November 10. http://www.fastcompany.com/1794000/big-ideas-inside-new-version-indias-35-aakash-tablet
- Tilak, Jandhyala B. G. “Vocational Education in South Asia: Problems and Prospects.” International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift fürErziehungswissenschaft/Revue Internationale de l’Education 34, no. 2 (1988): 244–257, Vocational Education.
- Vishnoi, Anubhuti. 2015. “No Date of Expiry.” India Today, January 09. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/undaunted-by-the-upa-governments-failed-aakash-tablet-the-nda-rolls-out-an-unbranded-version-under-the-udaan-project/1/412281.html
- Wadhwa, Vivek. 2013. “India’s Tablet Revolution.” Foreign Policy, June 24. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/24/indias_tablet_revolution