193
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Building Alliances or Rallying the Base: Civil Religious Rhetoric and the Modern Presidency

References

  • Adams, David S. 1987. “Ronald Reagan’s ‘Revival’: Voluntarism as a Theme in Reagan’s Civil Religion.” Sociological Analysis 48 (1): 17–29. doi: 10.2307/3711680.
  • Albertson, Bethany L. 2015. “Dog-Whistle Politics: Multivocal Communication and Religious Appeals.” Political Behavior 37: 3–26. doi: 10.1007/s11109-013-9265-x.
  • Beasley, Vanessa B. 2001. “The Rhetoric of Ideological Consensus in the United States: American Principles and American Prose in Presidential Inaugurals.” Communication Monographs 68 (2): 169–83. doi: 10.1080/03637750128055.
  • Beasley, Vanessa B. 2004. We the People: American National Identity in Presidential Rhetoric. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Bellah, Robert N. 1967. “Civil Religion in America.” Daedalus 134 (4): 40–55.
  • Bellah, Robert N. 1992. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Benoit, William L. 1999. “Acclaiming, Attacking, and Defending in Presidential Nominating Acceptance Addresses, 1960–1996.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 85 (3): 247–67. doi: 10.1080/00335639909384260.
  • Bond, Jon R., Richard Fleisher, and B. Dan Wood. 2003. “The Marginal and Time-Varying Effect of Public Approval on Presidential Success in Congress.” Journal of Politics 65 (3): 92–100. doi: 10.1111/1468-2508.t01-1-00005.
  • Brace, Paul, and Barbara Hinckley. 1993. “Presidential Activities from Truman through Reagan: Timing and Impact.” Journal of Politics 55 (2): 382–98. doi: 10.2307/2132271.
  • Bradshaw, Seth C., Kevin Coe, and Rico Neumann. 2014. “Newspaper Attention to Major Presidential Addresses: A Reexamination of Conceptualizations, Predictors, and Effects.” Communication Reports 27: 53–64. doi: 10.1080/08934215.2013.858760.
  • Byrt, Ted, Janet Bishop, and John B. Carlin. 1993. “Bias, Prevalence, and Kappa.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 46 (5): 423–29.
  • Calfano, Brian Robert, and Paul A. Djupe 2009. “God Talk: Religious Cues and Electoral Support.” Political Research Quarterly 62 (2): 329–39. doi: 10.1177/1065912908319605.
  • Cameron, Charles M. 2002. “Studying the Polarized Presidency.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 32 (4): 647–63. doi: 10.1177/0360491802238699.
  • Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1985. “Inaugurating the Presidency.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 15 (2): 394–411.
  • Chapp, Christopher B. 2012. Religious Rhetoric and American Politics: The Endurance of Civil Religion in Electoral Campaigns. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Christenson, James A., and Ronald C. Wimberley. 1978. “Who Is Civil Religious?” Sociological Analysis 39 (1): 77–83. doi: 10.2307/3710163.
  • Coe, Kevin, and Christopher B. Chapp. 2017. “Religious Rhetoric Meets the Target Audience: Narrowcasting Faith in Presidential Elections.” Communication Monographs 84(1): 110–27. doi: 10.1080/03637751.2016.1250932.
  • Coe, Kevin, and Rico Neumann. 2011. “The Major Addresses of Modern Presidents: Parameters of a Data Set.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 41 (4): 727–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2011.03912.x.
  • Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1995. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda.” American Journal of Political Science 39 (1): 87–107. doi: 10.2307/2111759.
  • Cohen, Jeffrey E., 2004. “If the News Is So Bad, Why Are Presidential Polls So High? Presidents, the News Media, and the Mass Public in an Era of New Media.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34 (3): 493–515.
  • Cohen, Jeffery E., 2011. “Presidents, Polarization and Divided Government.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 504–520.
  • Coleman, John A. 1970. “Civil Religion.” Sociology of Religion 31 (2): 67–77. doi: 10.2307/3710057.
  • Converse, Phillip E. 2006. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics (1964).” Critical Review 18(1–3): 1–74. doi: 10.1080/08913810608443650.
  • Cristi, Marcela. 1997. On the Nature of Civil and Political Religion: A Reexamination of the Civil Religion Thesis. Ontario, Canada: University of Waterloo Press.
  • Cummins, Jeff. 2006. “The President’s Domestic Agenda, Divided Government, and the Relationship to the Public Agenda.” American Review of Politics. 27 (Winter): 269–94. doi: 10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2007.27.0.269-294.
  • Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Demerath III, Nicholas Jay, and Rhys H. Williams 1985. “Civil Religion in an Uncivil Society.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 480 (Religion in American Today): 154–66. doi: 10.1177/0002716285480001013.
  • Domke, David, and Kevin Coe. 2010. The God Strategy: How Religion Became a Political Weapon in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Edwards III, George C. 2003. On Deaf Ears: The Limits of the Bully Pulpit. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Edwards III, George C. 2009. “Presidential Approval as a Source of Influence in Congress.” In The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency, eds. George C. Edwards III and William G. Howell. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 338–61.
  • Eshbaugh-Soha, Matthew. 2010. “The Politics of Presidential Speeches.” Congress & the Presidency 37 (1): 1–21. doi: 10.1080/07343460903390679.
  • Flere, Sergej, and Miran Lavric. 2007. “Operationalizing the Civil Religion Concept at a Cross-Cultural Level.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46 (4): 595–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00380.x.
  • Franklin, Daniel Paul, and Michael P. Fix. 2016. “The Best of Times and the Worst of Times.” Polarization and Presidential Success in Congress. 43 (3): 377–94. doi: 10.1080/07343469.2016.1206638.
  • Gerring, John. 1997. “Ideology: A Definitional Analysis.” Political Research Quarterly. 50 (4): 957–994.
  • Greenstein, Fred. 1978. “Change and Continuity in the Modern Presidency.” In The New American Political System, ed. Anthony King. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute Press.
  • Gronke, Paul, Jeffrey Koch, and J. Matthew Wilson. 2003. “Follow the Leader? Presidential Approval, Presidential Support, and Representatives’ Electoral Fortunes.” Journal of Politics 65 (3): 785–808. doi: 10.1111/1468-2508.00212.
  • Gwet, Kilem. 2002. “Kappa Statistic Is not Satisfactory for Assessing the Extent of Agreement Between Raters.” Statistical Methods for Inter-Rater Reliability Assessment 1: 1–9.
  • Haberski Jr., Raymond. 2012. God and War: American Civil Religion Since 1945. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Hallgren, Kevin A. 2012. “Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial.” Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 8 (1): 23–34.
  • Hart, Roderick P. 1977. The Political Pulpit. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. doi: 10.1086/ahr/82.1.136.
  • Hayes, Andrew F. 2013. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Hill, Kim Quaile, 1998. “The Policy Agendas of the President and the Mass Public: A Research Validation and Extension.” American Journal of Political Science 42 (4): 1328–1334.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. 1981. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. doi: 10.1086/ahr/87.4.1148-a.
  • Johnson, Lyndon B. 1965. We Shall Overcome. Washington, DC: Speech presented as a Special Message to Congress.
  • Kernell, Samuel. 2007. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. 4th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
  • Lee, Frances E. 2008. “Dividers, Not Uniters: Presidential Leadership and Senate Partisanship, 1981–2004.” The Journal of Politics 70 (4): 914–28. doi: 10.1017/S0022381608080961.
  • Lewis, David. 1997. “The Two Rhetorical Presidencies: An Analysis of Televised Presidential Speeches, 1947–1991.” American Politics Quarterly 25 (3): 380–95. doi: 10.1177/1532673X9702500307.
  • McLaughlin, Bryan, and David Wise. 2014. “Cueing God: Religious Cues and Voter Support.” Politics and Religion 7: 366–94. doi: 10.1017/S175504831400008X.
  • Pierard, Richard V., and Robert L. Linder. 1988. Civil Religion and the Presidency. Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books.
  • Reagan, Ronald W. 1988. State of the Union Address. Washington, DC: Speech presented before the United States Congress.
  • Ragsdale, Lyn. 1984. “The Politics of Presidential Speechmaking, 1949-1980.” American Political Science Review 78 (4): 971–84. doi: 10.2307/1955802.
  • Ragsdale, Lyn. 2014. Vital Statistics on the Presidency. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.
  • Rhodes, Jesse H. 2014. “Party Polarization and the Ascendance of Bipartisan Posturing as a Dominant Strategy in Presidential Rhetoric.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 44 (1): 566–577.
  • Ritter, Kurt W. 1980. “American Political Rhetoric and the Jeremiad Tradition: Presidential Nomination Acceptance Addresses 1960–1976.” Central States Speech Journal 31 (3): 153–71. doi: 10.1080/10510978009368054.
  • Rivers, Douglas, and Nancy J. Rose. 1985. “Passing the President’s Program: Public Opinion and Presidential Influence in Congress.” American Journal of Political Science 29 (2): 183–96. doi: 10.2307/2111162.
  • Roof, Wade Clark. 2009. “American Presidential Rhetoric from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush: Another Look at Civil Religion.” Social Compass 56 (2): 286–301. doi: 10.1177/0037768609103363.
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1936. Acceptance Speech. Speech presented at the Democratic National Convention, June 27, Philadelphia, PA. The American Presidency Project. http://presidency.proxied.lsit.ucsb.edu/
  • Scacco, Joshua M., and Kevin Coe. 2016. “The Ubiquitous Presidency: Toward a New Paradigm for Studying Presidential Communication.” International Journal of Communication 10: 2014–2037.
  • Scacco, Joshua M., Kevin Coe, and Lauren Hearit. 2018. “Presidential Communication in Tumultuous Times: Insights into Key Shifts, Normative Implications, and Research Opportunities.” Annals of the International Communication Association 42 (1): 21–37. doi: 10.1080/23808985.2018.1433962.
  • Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl, Edward Yager, and Saadi Lahlou. 2012. “Yes, Ronald Reagan’s Rhetoric Was Unique—But Statistically, How Unique?” Presidential Studies Quarterly 42(3): 482–513. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2012.03990.x.
  • Shogan, Colleen J. 2007. The Moral Rhetoric of American Presidents. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Sigelman, Lee. 1996. “Presidential Inaugurals: The Modernization of a Genre.” Political Communication 13: 81–92. doi: 10.1080/10584609.1996.9963096.
  • Skinner, Richard M. 2009. “George W. Bush and the Partisan Presidency.” Political Science Quarterly 123 (4): 605–22. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00636.x.
  • Smith, Rogers M. 1993. “Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in America.” American Political Science Review 87 (3): 549–566.
  • Teten, Ryan L. 2003. “Evolution of the Modern Rhetorical Presidency: Presidential Presentation and Development of the State of the Union Address.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 33 (2): 333–46. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00033.x.
  • Tetlock, Philip E. 1981. “Pre to Postelection Shifts in Presidential Rhetoric: Impression Management or Cognitive Adjustment?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41 (2): 207–12. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.41.2.207.
  • Thoemmes, Felix J., and Lucian Gideon Conway III. 2007. “Integrative Complexity of 41 U.S. Presidents.” Political Psychology, 28 (2): 193–226. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00562.x.
  • Toolin, Cynthia. 1983. “American Civil Religion from 1789 to 1981: A Content Analysis of Presidential Inaugural.” Review of Religious Research 25 (1): 39–48. doi: 10.2307/3511310.
  • Transue, John E. 2007. “Identity Salience, Identity Acceptance, and Racial Policy Attitudes: American National Identity as a United Force.” American Journal of Political Science 51 (1): 78–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00238.x.
  • Tulis, Jeffrey K. 1987. The Rhetorical Presidency. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Ungar, Sheldon. 1991. “Civil Religion and the Arms Race.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 28 (4): 503–525.
  • Weber, Christopher, and Matthew Thornton. 2012. “Courting Christians: How Political Candidates Prime Religious Considerations in Campaign Ads.” The Journal of Politics 74 (2): 400–13. doi: 10.1017/S0022381611001617.
  • West, Ellis M. 1980. “A Proposed Neutral Definition of Civil Religion.” Journal of Church and State 22: 23–40. doi: 10.1093/jcs/22.1.23.
  • Whillock, Rita Kirk. 1994. “Dream Believers: The Unifying Visions and Competing Values of Adherents to American Civil Religion.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 24 (2): 375–88.
  • Williams, Rhys H., and Susan M. Alexander 1994. “Religious Rhetoric in American Populism: Civil Religion as Movement Ideology.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 33 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.2307/1386633.
  • Williams, Rhys H., and Nicholas Jay Demerath III. 1991. “Religion and Political Process in an American City.” American Sociological Review 56 (4): 417–431.
  • Wimberley, Ronald C. 1980. “Civil Religion and the Choice for President Nixon in ’72.” Social Forces 59 (1): 44–61.
  • Wimberley, Ronald C., and James A. Christenson 1982. “Civil Religion, Social Indicators, and Public Policy.” Social Indicators Research 10 (2): 211–23. doi: 10.1007/BF00302511.
  • Wimberley, Ronald C., Donald A. Clelland, Thomas C. Hood, and C. M. Lipsey. 1976. “The Civil Religious Dimension: Is it There?” Social Forces 54 (4): 890–900.
  • Wuthnow, Robert. 1988. “Divided We Fall: America’s Two Civil Religions.” The Christian Century April, 395–99.
  • Zarefsky, David. 2004. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Power of Definition.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34 (3): 607–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00214.x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.