Representation by the Minute: The Influence of Ethnicity, Partisanship and District Fit on Legislator One-Minute Floor Speeches

References

• 151 Cong. Rec. H8799-8800 (daily ed. October 7, 2005) (statement of Rep. Garrett)
   Google Scholar
• Adler, E. Scott. 2000. “Constituency Characteristics and the Guardian Model of Appropriations Subcommittees, 1959-1998.” American Journal of Political Science 44 (1): 104–14. doi:10.2307/2669296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, E. Scott. 2002. Why Congressional Reforms Fail: Reelection and the House Committee System. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ansolabehere, Stephen, James M. Snyder Jr, and Charles Stewart III. 2001. “The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll Call Voting.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26 (4): 533–72. doi:10.2307/440269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, R. Douglas. 1990. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barreto, Matt A. 2010. Ethnic Cues: The Role of Shared Ethnicity in Latino Political Participation. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barreto, Matt A., Gary M. Segura, and Nathan D. Woods. 2004. “The Mobilizing Effect of Majority-Minority Districts on Latino Turnout.” American Political Science Review 98 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1017/S0003055404001005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barretto, Matt. 2013, 5 March. “New Poll: Immigration policy stance directly tied to winning the Latino vote.” Latino Decisions
   Google Scholar
• Benoit, Kenneth, Michael Laver, Christine Arnold, Madeleine O. Hosli, and Paul Pennings. 2005. “Measuring National Delegate Positions at the Convention on the Future of Europe Using Computerized Wordscoring.” European Union Politics 6 (3): 291–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernhard, William, Daniel Sewell, and Tracy Sulkin. 2017. “A Clustering Approach to Legislative Styles.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 42 (3): 477–506. doi:10.1111/lsq.12162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishin, Benjamin. 2009. Tyranny of the Minority: The Subconstituency Politics Theory of Representation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bobo, Lawrence, and Frank D. Gilliam. 1990. “Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment.” American Political Science Review 84 (2): 377–94. doi:10.2307/1963525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratton, Kathleen. 2006. “The Behavior and Success of Latino Legislators: Evidence from the States.” Social Science Quarterly 87 (s1): 1136–57. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00420.x.
   Google Scholar
• Bratton, Kathleen, and Kerry Haynie. 1999. “Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race.” The Journal of Politics 61 (3): 658–79. doi:10.2307/2647822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, Charles, David Epstein, and Sharyn O'Halloran. 1996. “Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize Substantive Black Representation in Congress?” American Political Science Review 90 (4): 794–812. doi:10.2307/2945843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canes-Wrone, Brandice. David W. Brady, and John F. Cogan. 2002. “Out of Step, out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members’ Voting.” American Political Science Review 96 (1): 127–40. doi:10.1017/S0003055402004276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canon, David T. 1999. Race, Redistricting, and Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Casellas, Jason P. 2011. Latino Representation in State Houses and Congress. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chabot, Steve. 1997, March 5. “Morning 1-Minute Speeches Serve Important Function.” Congressional Record 143 (5): H727.
   Google Scholar
• Clinton, Joshua D. 2006. “Representation in Congress: Constituents and Roll Calls in the 106th House.” The Journal of Politics 68 (2): 397–409. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00415.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespin, Michael H. 2010. “Serving Two Masters: Redistricting and Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Political Research Quarterly 63 (4): 850–9. doi:10.1177/1065912909338465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fenno, Richard F. 1978. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Fiornia, Morris P. 1974. Representatives, Roll Calls, and Constituencies. Boston, MA: Heath.
   Google Scholar
• Fraga, Luis R., John A. Garcia, Rodney Hero, Michael Jones-Correa, Valerie Martinez-Ebers, and Gary M. Segura. 2014, June 2. “Latino National Survey. ICPSR20862-v6.”
   Google Scholar
• Gay, Claudine. 2007. “Legislating without Constraints: The Effect of Minority Districting on Legislators’ Responsiveness to Constituency Preferences.” The Journal of Politics 69 (2): 442–56. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00542.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannetti, Daniela, and Michael Laver. 2005. “Policy Positions and Jobs in the Government.” European Journal of Political Research 44 (1): 91–120. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00220.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez Jeunke, Eric, and Robert R. Preuhs. 2012. “Irreplaceable Legislators? Rethinking Minority Representatives in the New Century.” American Journal of Political Science 56 (3): 705–15. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00584.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, Stacy B, and Gary Segura. 1997. “Cross-National Variation in the Political Sophistication of Individuals: Capability or Choice?” The Journal of Politics 59: 126–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, John D., and Brian Newman. 2005. “Are Voters Better Represented?” The Journal of Politics 67 (4): 1206–27. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00357.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimmer, Justin. 2013. “Appropriators Not Position Takers: The Distorting Effects of Electoral Incentives on Congressional Representation.” American Journal of Political Science 57 (3): 624–42. doi:10.1111/ajps.12000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grose, Christian R. 2011. Congress in Black and White. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grose, Christian. 2005. “Disentangling Constituency and Legislator Effects in Legislative Representation.” Social Science Quarterly 86 (2): 427–43. doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00311.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Richard. 1996. Participation in Congress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, Douglas B. 2005. “Orchestrating Party Talk: A Party-Based View of One-Minute Speeches in the House of Representatives.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 30 (1): 127–41. doi:10.3162/036298005X201482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynie, Kerry L. 2001. African American Legislators in the American States. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heckman, James J. 1979. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.” Econometrica 47 (1): 153–61. doi:10.2307/1912352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hero, Rodney. 1992. Latinos and the U.S. Political System: Two-Tiered Pluralism. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hero, Rodney E., and Caroline J. Tolbert. 1995. “Latinos and Substantive Representation in the U.S. House of Representatives: Direct, Indirect or Nonexistent?” American Journal of Political Science 39 (3): 640–52. doi:10.2307/2111648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick, Rebekah, and Michael K. Moore. 1993. “Political Ambition's Effect on Legislative Behavior: Schlesinger's Typology Reconsidered and Revised” Journal of Politics 55 (3): 765–776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, Tyler. 2018. “Assessing Minority Party Influence on Partisan Issue Attention in the US House of Representatives, 1989–2012.” Party Politics 24 (2): 197–208. doi:10.1177/1354068816654323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez, Tomas. 2007. “Weighing the Costs and Benefits of Mexican Immigration: The Mexican-American Perspective.” Social Science Quarterly 88 (3): 599–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaf-Hughes, Nicole. 2013. “Position-Taking in House Debate and the Issue of Immigration.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 1 (4): 488–509. doi:10.1080/21565503.2013.842490.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, John W. 1989. Congressmen's Voting Decisions. 3rd ed. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kluver, Heike. 2009. “Measuring Interest Group Influence Using Quantitative Text Analysis.” European Union Politics 10 (4): 535–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kousser, Thad, Jeffrey B. Lewis, and Seth E. Masket. 2007. “Ideological Adaptation? The Survival Instinct of Threatened Legislators.” The Journal of Politics 69 (3): 828–43. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00578.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krogstad, Jens Manuel. 2014. “Top issue for Hispanics? Hint: It’s not immigration.” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/02/top-issue-for-hispanics-hint-its-not-immigration/.
   Google Scholar
• Laver, Michael, and Kenneth Benoit. 2002. “Locating TDs in Policy Spaces Using Computer Word-Scoring.” Irish Political Studies 17 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1080/714003143.
   Google Scholar
• Laver, Michael, Kenneth Benoit, and John Garry. 2003. “Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors Using Words as Data.” American Political Science Review 92 (2): 311–31. doi:10.1017/S0003055403000698.
   Google Scholar
• Llamas, Liliana. 2013. “Latino Members of Congress Denounce King on House Floor for Demonizing Immigrants.” NBC Latino. http://nbclatino.com/2013/07/24/latino-members-of-congress-denounce-king-on-house-floor-for-demonizing-immigrants/
   Google Scholar
• Lo, James, Sven-Oliver Proksch, and Jonathan B. Slapin. 2016. “Ideological Clarity in Multiparty Competition: A New Measure and Test Using Election Manifestos.” British Journal of Political Science 46 (3): 591–610. doi:10.1017/S0007123414000192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lublin, David. 1997. “The Election of African Americans and Latinos to the U.S. House of Representatives, 1972-1994.” American Politics Quarterly 25 (3): 269–86. doi:10.1177/1532673X9702500302.
   Google Scholar
• Maltzman, Forrest, and Lee Sigelman. 1996. “The Politics of Talk: Unconstrained Floor Time in the U.S. House of Representatives.” The Journal of Politics 58 (3): 819–30. doi:10.2307/2960448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks And Women Represent Women? a Contingent Yes.” The Journal of Politics 61 (3): 628–57. doi:10.2307/2647821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew, David R. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. Vol. 26. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miler, Kristina. 2016. “Legislative Responsiveness to Constituency Change.” American Politics Research 44 (5): 816–43. doi:10.1177/1532673X15620838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minta, Michael. 2009. “Legislative Oversight and Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 34 (2): 193–218. doi:10.3162/036298009788314336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minta, Michael. 2011. Oversight: Representing the Interests of Blacks and Latinos in Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, Jonathan S. 2001. “Reexamining the Politics of Talk: Partisan Rhetoric in the 104th House.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26 (1): 101–21. doi:10.2307/440405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nokken, Timothy P. 2000. “Dynamics of Congressional Loyalty: Party Defection and Roll Call Behavior, 1947.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 25:417–44. doi:10.2307/440414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoja, Adrian, and Gary Segura. 2003. “Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication Among Latino Voters” Political Behavior 25 (3): 265–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoja, Adrian, Ricardo Ramirez, and Gary Segura. 2001. “Citizens by Choice, Voters by Necessity: Patterns in Political Mobilization by Naturalized Latinos.” Political Research Quarterly 54: 441–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, Kathryn, and Logan Dancey. 2011a. “Elevating Women’s Voices in Congress: Speech Participation in the House of Representatives.” Political Research Quarterly 64 (4): 910–23. doi:10.1177/1065912910388190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, Kathryn, and Logan Dancey. 2011b. “Speaking for the Underrepresented in the House of Representatives: Voicing Women’s Interests in a Partisan Era.” Politics & Gender 7 (04): 493–519. doi:10.1017/S1743923X1100033X.
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, James W., Roger J. Booth, and Martha E. Francis. 2007. “Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count: LIWC 2007.” http://www.liwc.net.
   Google Scholar
• Pitkin, Hanna. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Proksch, Sven Oliver, and Jonathan Slapin. 2009. “Position Taking in European Parliament Speeches.” British Journal of Political Science 40:587–611. doi:10.1017/S0007123409990299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocca, Michael S. 2007. “Non-Legislative Debate in the House of Representatives.” American Politics Research 35 (4): 489–505. doi:10.1177/1532673X07300233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse, Stella M. 2013. Latinos in the Legislative Process. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, Gabriel. 2011. “Immigration Policy Is Personal for Latinos.” Latino Decisions
   Google Scholar
• Schiller, Wendy J. 2000. Partners and Rivals: Representation in U.S. Senate Delegations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, Judy. 2007. One -Minute Speeches: Current House Practices. CRS Report for Congress.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, Judy. 2015. One -Minute Speeches: Current House Practices. CRS Report for Congress.
   Google Scholar
• Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl. 2005. “Measuring Ideas More Effectively: An Analysis of Bush and Kerry’s National Security Speeches.” PS: Political Science & Politics 38 (4): 701–11. doi:10.1017/S1049096505050195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl. 2008. “The Congressional Debate on Partial-Birth Abortion: Constitutional Gravitas and Moral Passion.” British Journal of Political Science 38 (3): 383–410. doi:10.1017/S0007123408000203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slapin, Jonathan B., and Sven-Oliver Proksch. 2008. “A Scaling Model for Estimating Time Series Policy Positions from Texts.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (3): 705. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00338.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain, Carol M. 1993. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Tate, Katherine. 2003. Black Faces in the Mirror African Americans and Their Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Andrew J. 2012. The Floor in Congressional Life. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, Sophia J. 2014. “Representing Latinos: Examining Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 67 (4): 917–29. doi:10.1177/1065912914541795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, Katherine Cramer. 2002. “Enlarging Representation: Women Bringing Marginalized Perspectives to Floor Debate in the House of Representatives.” In Women Transforming Congress., ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitby, Kenny, and George Krause. 2001. “Race, Issue Heterogeneity, and Public Policy: The Republican Revolution in the 104th Congress and the Representation of African-American Policy Interests.” British Journal of Political Science 31 (03): 555–72. doi:10.1017/S0007123401000217.
   Google Scholar
• Wichowsky, Amber. 2012. “District Complexity and the Personal Vote.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 37 (4): 437–63. doi:10.1111/j.1939-9162.2012.00057.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, Walter Clark. 2009. “Latino Representation on Congressional Websites.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 34 (3): 427–48. doi:10.3162/036298009788897754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, Walter Clark. 2017. From Inclusion to Influence: Latino Representation in Congress and Latino Political Incorporation in America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar