Buddhist Mindfulness as an Influence in Recent Empirical CBT Approaches to Addiction: Convergence with the Alcoholics Anonymous Model

REFERENCES

• Alcoholics Anonymous. (2001). Alcoholics Anonymous (4th ed.). New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
   Google Scholar
• Alcoholics Anonymous. (2003). Spiritual awakenings: Journeys of the spirit from the pages of the AA Grapevine. New York, NY: AA Grapevine.
   Google Scholar
• Alcoholics Anonymous. (2008). Alcoholics Anonymous 2007 membership survey. New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. (1975). Twenty-four hours a day. Center City, MN: Hazelden Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. (2006). 12 steps on Buddha's path: Bill, Buddha, and We. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Avants, S. K., & Margolin, A. (2004). Development of spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy for the treatment of addictive and HIV risk behavior: A convergence of cognitive and Buddhist psychology. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14, 253–289. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.14.3.253.
   Google Scholar
• Axelrod, S. R., Perepletchikova, F., Holtzman, K., & Sinha, R. (2011). Emotion regulation and substance use frequency in women with substance dependence and borderline personality disorder receiving dialectical behavior therapy. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 37, 37–42. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.535582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J. Sauer, S., … Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329–342. doi:10.1177/1073191107313003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beitel, M., Genova, M., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Arnold, R., Avants, S. K., & Margolin, A. (2007). Reflections by inner-city drug users on a Buddhist-based spirituality-focused therapy: A qualitative study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 1–9. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.77.1.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodhi, B. (2005). In the Buddha's words: An anthology of discourses of the Pali Canon. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S. E., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Gow, J., Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30, 295–305. doi:10.1080/08897070903250084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Marlatt, G. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 343–347. doi:10.1037/0893-164x.20.3.343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, J. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y., Weber, J., & Kober, H. (2011). Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 20254–20259. doi:10.1073/pnas.1112029108/-/DCSupplemental.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahn, B. R., & Polich, J. (2009). Meditation (Vipassana) and the P3a event-related brain potential. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72, 51–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa, A., & Malinowski, P. (2011). Mindfulness-based approaches: Are they all the same? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 404–424. doi:10.1002/jclp.20776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conze, E. (1959). Buddhism its essence and development. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Courbasson, C., Nishikawa, Y., & Dixon, L. (2012). Outcome of dialectical behavior therapy for concurrent eating and substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19, 434–449. doi:10.1002/cpp.748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, D. M., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48, 198–208. doi:10.1037/a0022062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egelko, S., & Galanter, M. (1993). Introducing cognitive-behavioral training into a self-help drug treatment program. Psychotherapy, 30, 214–221. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.30.2.214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowans, C. W. (2003). Philosophy of the Buddha. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, K. (2010). A burning desire: Dharma God & the path of recovery. New York, NY: Hay House.
   Google Scholar
• Groves, P., & Farmer, R. (1994). Buddhism and addictions. Addiction Research, 2, 183–194. doi:10.3109/16066359409109142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasenkamp, W., Wilson-Mendenhall, C. D., Duncan, E., & Barsalou, L. W. (2012). Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states. Neuroimage, 59, 750–760. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Villatte, M., Levin, M., & Hildebrandt, M. (2011). Open, aware and active: Contextual Approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 141–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Mindfulness: Method and process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 161–165. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hölzel, B. K., Ott, U., Hempel, H., Hackl, A., Wolf, K., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (2007). Differential engagement of anterior cingulated and adjacent medial frontal cortex in adept meditators and non-meditators. Neuroscience Letters, 421, 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs-Stewart, T. (2010). Mindfulness and the 12 steps: Living recovery in the present moment. Center City, MN: Hazelden.
   Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., Santorelli, S. F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahl, K. G., Winter, L., & Schweiger, U. (2012). The third wave of cognitive behavioral therapies: What is new and what is effective? Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25, 522–528. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328358e531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. F., Hoeppner, B., Stout, R. L., & Pagano, M. (2011). Determining the relative importance of the mechanisms of behavior change within Alcoholics Anonymous: A multiple mediator analysis. Addiction, 107, 289–299. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03593.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. F., Stout, R. L., Magill, M., Tonigan, J. S., & Pagano, M. E. (2011). Spirituality in recovery: A lagged mediational analysis of Alcoholics Anonymous' principal theoretical mechanisms of behavior change. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35, 454–463. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01362.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krentzman, A. R., Cranford, J. A., & Robinson, E. A. (2013). Multiple dimensions of spirituality in recovery: A lagged mediational analysis of Alcoholics Anonymous' principal theoretical mechanisms of behavior change. Substance Abuse, 34, 20–32. doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.691449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Littlejohn, D. (2009). The 12-step Buddhist: Enhance recovery from any addiction. New York, NY: Atria.
   Google Scholar
• Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S., & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 43–53. doi:10.1037/a0026070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, M. T., Liehr, P. R., Schmitz, J., Moeller, F. G., Swank, P., Fine, M., Carroll, D. D. (2007). Behavioral therapies trials: A case example. Nursing Research, 56, 210–216. doi:10.1097/01.NNR.0000270024.52242.39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, M. T., Schmitz, J., Moeller, G., Liehr, P. Cron, S. G., Swank, P., Granmayeh, L. K. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in therapeutic community treatment: A stage 1 trial. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35, 103–108. doi:10.1080/00952990902823079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolin, A., Beitel, M., Schuman-Olivier, Z., & Avants, S. K. (2006). A controlled study of a spirituality-focused intervention for increasing motivation for HIV prevention among drug users. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18, 311–322. doi:10.1521/aeap.2006.18.4.311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolin, A., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Beitel, M., Arnold, R. M., Fulwiler, C. E., & Avants, S. K. (2007). A preliminary study of spiritual self-schema (3-S+) therapy for reducing impulsivity in HIV-positive drug users. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 979–999. doi:10.1002/jclp.20407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlatt, G. A. (2002). Buddhist philosophy and the treatment of addictive behavior. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 44–50. doi:10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80039-6.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, J. R. (1997). Mindfulness: A proposed common factor. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 7, 291–312. doi:10.1023/B:JOPI.0000010885.18025.bc.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarney, R. W., Schulz, J., & Grey, A. R. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in reducing symptoms of depression: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counseling, 14, 279–299. doi:10.1080/13642537.2012.713186.
   Google Scholar
• Rapgay, L., & Bystrisky, A. (2009). Classical mindfulness: An introduction to its theory and practice for clinical application. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1172, 148–162. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04405.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rode, D. (2012). The 12 steps as a path to enlightenment: How the Buddha works the steps [Kindle version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/The-12-Steps-Path-Enlightenment/dp/1477601430
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, J. M. (2011). Feminist perspectives on 12-Step recovery: A comparative descriptive analysis of women in Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 29, 357–378. doi:10.1080/07347324.2011.608595.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, J. L., & Salovey, P. (1991). Organized knowledge structures and personality: Person schemas, self-schemas, prototypes, and scripts. In M. Horowitz (Ed.), Person schemas and recurrent maladaptive interpersonal patterns (pp. 33–79). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smout, M. F., Longo, M., Harrison, S., Minniti, R., Wickes, W., & White, J. M. (2010). Psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use disorders: A preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance therapy. Substance Abuse, 31, 98–107. doi:10.1080/08897071003641578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stotts, A. L., Green, C., Masuda, A., Grabowski, J., Wilson, K., Norhrup, T. F., Schmitz, J. M. (2012). A stage I pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy for methadone detoxification. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125, 215–222. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2013). Tools of the trade: Theory and method in mindfulness neuroscience. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 118–120. doi:10.1093/scan/nss112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 615–623. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.4.615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. H. (2013). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1563–1571. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A., & Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 44–49. doi:10.1891/jcop.2005.19.3.211.
   Google Scholar
• Zgierska, A., Rabago, D., Chawla, N., Kushner, K., Koehler, R., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness meditation for substance use disorders: A systematic review. Substance Abuse, 30, 266–294. doi:10.1080/08897070903250019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar