The Five-Paragraph Essay: Its Evolution and Roots in Theme-Writing

Works Cited

• Abbott , Don Paul . 2001 . “ Rhetoric and Writing in the Renaissance ” . In A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Modern America , 2nd , Edited by: Murphy , James J. 145 – 72 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , Robert and Armstrong , Thomas . 1853 . A Practical Introduction to English Composition , Edinburgh : Sutherland and Knox . Part II
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , Charles Sears . 1902 . A College Manual of Rhetoric , New York : Longmans .
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , Charles Sears . 1909 . Writing and Speaking: A Textbook of Rhetoric , New York : Longmans .
   Google Scholar
• Bancroft , T. Whiting . 1884 . A Method of English Composition , Boston : Ginn .
   Google Scholar
• Berlin , James A. 1987 . Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges, 1900–1985 , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Berlin , James A. 1984 . Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Brannon , Lil . 2008 . The Five-Paragraph Essay and the Deficit Model of Education . English Journal , 98 ( 2 ) : 16 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Brewer , Ebenezer Cobham . 1853 . A Guide to English Composition, or One Hundred and Twenty Subjects Analyzed , New York : C. S. Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Brinsley , John . 1917 . Ludus Literarius or The Grammar Schoole , Edited by: Campagnac , E. T. Liverpool : Liverpool UP . 1627
   Google Scholar
• Cicero , Marcus Tullius . 1949 . De Inventione; De Optimo Genere Oratorum; Topica. Trans , Edited by: Hubbell , H. M. Cambridge : Harvard UP .
   Google Scholar
• Connors , Robert J. 1997 . Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy , Pittsburgh : U of Pittsburgh P .
   Google Scholar
• Connors , Robert J. 1981 . Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Thirty Years of Writing with a Purpose . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 11 ( 4 ) : 208 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowley , Sharon . 1990 . The Methodical Memory: Invention in Current-Traditional Rhetoric , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , Deborah M. 2000 . Muddying Boundaries: Mixing Genres with Five Paragraphs . The English Journal , 90 ( 1 ) : 53 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Foley , Marie . 1989 . Unteaching the Five-Paragraph Essay . Teaching English in the Two-Year College , 16 ( 4 ) : 231 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , J. H. 1899 . A Manual of Essay-Writing , London : Adam and Charles Black .
   Google Scholar
• Haluska , Jan Charles . 2006 . In Defense of the Formula Essay . Academic Questions , 20 ( 1 ) : 46 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , John . 1739 . The Art of Rhetoric Made Easy: or, The Elements of Oratory , London : A. Parker .
   Google Scholar
• Kitzhaber , Albert R. 1990 . Rhetoric in American Colleges, 1850–1900 , Dallas : Southern Methodist UP .
   Google Scholar
• Locke , John . 1693 . Some Thoughts Concerning Education , London : Churchill .
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda , Paul Kei . 2003 . Process and Post-Process: A Discursive History . Journal of Second Language Writing , 12 : 65 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. M. 1910 . English Composition and Essay Writing with Model Essays, Outlines, Etc , New York : Longmans .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Jeanetta . 2010 . Persistence of the Five-Paragraph Essay . English Journal , 99 ( 3 ) : 99 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , James J. 2001 . “ The Key Role of Habit in Roman Writing Instruction ” . In A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Modern America , 2nd , Edited by: Murphy , James J. 35 – 78 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally , Thomas E. 1991 . Breaking the Five-Paragraph-Theme Barrier . The English Journal , 80 ( 1 ) : 67 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Nystrand , Martin , Greene , Stuart and Wiemelt , Jeffrey . 1993 . Where Did Composition Studies Come From?: An Intellectual History . Written Communication , 10 ( 3 ) : 267 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin , Robert . 2000 . 10:00 and 2:00: A Ten-Paragraph Defense of the Five-Paragraph Theme . Teaching English in the Two-Year College , 27 ( 3 ) : 312 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanborn , Jean Donovan . 1994 . “ The Essay Dies in the Academy, circa 1900 ” . In Pedagogy in the Age of Politics: Writing and Reading (in) the Academy , Edited by: Sullivan , Patricia A. and Qualley , Donna J. 121 – 38 . Urbana , IL : NCTE .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Fred N. and Denny , Joseph V. 1893 . Paragraph-Writing , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Seo , Byung-In . 2007 . Defending the Five-Paragraph Essay . English Journal , 97 ( 2 ) : 15 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Smart , B. H. 1823 . Practical Logic: or Hints to Young Theme-Writers , London : Whittaker .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Kerri . 2006 . In Defense of the Five-Paragraph Essay . English Journal , 95 ( 4 ) : 16 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , Lewis Worthington and Thomas , James E. 1900 . A Modern Composition and Rhetoric (Brief Course) , Boston : Sanborn .
   Google Scholar
• Speer , Tom . 1995 . Re-Conceiving the Five-Paragraph Essay in an Era of Uncertainty . Teaching English in the Two-Year College , 22 ( 1 ) : 21 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Swinton , William . 1874 . School Composition: Being Advanced Language-Lessons for Grammar Schools , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Tremmel , Michelle . 2011 . What to Make of the Five-Paragraph Theme: History of the Genre and Implications . Teaching English in the Two-Year College , 39 ( 1 ) : 29 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , John . 1810 . The Teacher's Assistant in English Composition, or Easy Rules for Writing Themes and Composing Exercises on Subjects Proper for the Improvement of Youth of Both Sexes at School , Boston : Buckingham . 1801
   Google Scholar
• Watson , Foster . 1908 . The English Grammar Schools to 1660: Their Curriculum and Practice , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
   Google Scholar
• Wesley , Kimberly . 2000 . The Ill Effects of the Five Paragraph Theme . English Journal , 90 ( 1 ) : 57 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , William . 1890 . Composition and Rhetoric , Boston : Heath .
   Google Scholar
• Young , Richard E. 1978 . “ Paradigms and Problems: Needed Research in Rhetorical Invention ” . In Research on Composing , Edited by: Cooper , Charles R. and Odell , Lee . 29 – 48 . Urbana , IL : NCTE .
   Google Scholar