Reading and writing in an American grainFootnote¹

The author wishes to thank Lee Leeson, Jack Blum, Robert Connors and especially John Trimbur for their help in developing this paper.

Works cited

• Arlington , Phillip K. 1986 . ‘Tropes of the Composing Process.” . College English , 48 : 248 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomae , David . 1986 . “Wanderings: Misreadings, Miswritings, Misunderstandings.” . In Only Connect: Uniting Reading and Writing. , Edited by: Newkirk , Thomas . 89 – 118 . Upper Montclair, NJ : Boynton/Cook .
   Google Scholar
• Bartholomae , David and Petrosky , Anthony . 1986 . Facts, Artifacts, and Counterfacts. , Upper Montclair, NJ : Boynton/Cook .
   Google Scholar
• Berlin , James . 1984 . Writing Instruction in Nineteenth‐Century American Colleges. , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1987 . Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges, 1900–1985. , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Berthoff , Ann . 1975 . “Response to Janice Lauen’ Counterstatement.’” . In Contemporary Rhetoric: A Conceptual Background with Readings. , Edited by: Winterowd , W. Ross . 100 – 03 . New York : Harcourt .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1982 . “I. A. Richards and the Audit of Meaning.” . New Literary History , 13 : 63 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1982 . “Learning the Uses of Chaos.” . In The Making of Meaning: Metaphors, Models, and Maxims for Writing Teachers. , 48 – 60 . Rochelle Part, NY : Boynton/Cook .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1986 . “'Reading the world . . . reading the word’: Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of Knowing.” . In Only Connect: Uniting Reading and Writing. , Edited by: Newkirt , Thomas . 119 – 30 . Upper Montclair, NJ : Boynton/Cook .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1991 . “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic.” . College Composition and Communication , 42 : 279 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom , Harold . 1973 . The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry. , New York : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1975 . A Map of Misreading. , New York : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Buell , Lawrence . 1973 . Literary Transcendentalism: Style and Vision in the American Renaissance. , Ithaca : Cornell UP .
   Google Scholar
• Coles , William E. Jr. 1988 . The Plural I—and After. , Portsmouth, NH : Boynton/Cook .
   Google Scholar
• Emerson , Ralph Waldo . 1987 . “The American Scholar.” . In The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson , Edited by: Ferguson , Alfred R. and Carr , Jean Ferguson . Vol. 1 of 3 , Cambridge, MA : Bellknap of Harvard UP .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1987 . Nature. The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. , Edited by: Ferguson and Ferguson . Vol. 1 of 3 , Cambridge : Bellknap .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1983 . “The Poet.” . In The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. , Edited by: Ferguson and Ferguson . Vol. 3 of 3 , Cambridge : Bellknap .
   Google Scholar
• Faigley , Lester . 1986 . “Competing Theories of Process: A Critique and a Proposal.” . College English , 48 : 527 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halloran , S. Michael . 1990 . “From Rhetoric to Composition: The Teaching of Writing in America to 1900.” . In A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Twentieth‐Century America. , Edited by: Murphy , James J. 151 – 82 . Davis, CA : Hermagoras P .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , Joseph . 1989 . “The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing.” . College Composition and Communication , 40 : 11 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , Carolyn Ericksen . 1990 . Writing from the Margins. , New York : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• LeFevre , Karen Burke . 1987 . Invention as a Social Act. , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Macrorie , Ken . 1970 . Uptaught. , New York : Hayden .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1976 . Telling Writing. , 2nd ed. , Rochelle Park, NJ : Hayden .
   Google Scholar
• Packer , Barbara L. 1982 . Emerson's Fall: A New Interpretation of the Major Essays. , New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Phelps , Louise Wetherbee . 1988 . Composition as a Human Science. , Oxford : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Poirier , Richard . 1987 . The Renewal of Literature: Emersonian Reflections. , New Yort : Random .
   Google Scholar
• Winterowd , W. Ross , ed. 1975 . Contemporary Rhetoric: A Conceptual Background with Readings. , New York : Harcourt .
   Google Scholar
• The author wishes to thank Lee Leeson, Jack Blum, Robert Connors and especially John Trimbur for their help in developing this paper.
   Google Scholar