Quantifying Complexity: Personality Assessment and Its Relationship with Psychoanalysis

REFERENCES

• Ackerman, S. J., A. J. Clemence, R. Weatherill, & M. J. Hilsenroth. (1999), Use of the TAT in the assessment of DSM-IV Cluster B personality disorders. J. Personality Assessment, 73(3): 422–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, J., S. J. Blatt, & C. N. Zimet. (1968), The Interpretation of Psychological Tests. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychoanalytic Association. (2006), Practice Bulletin 7: Psychoanalytic Clinical Assessment. American Psychoanalyst, 40(3), Supplement: 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, G., M. Singh, & M. Bond. (1993), The Defense Style Questionnaire. J. Nervous and Mental Disease, 181: 246–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelbaum, A. H. (1989), Supportive therapy: A developmental view. In: Supportive Therapy: A Psychodynamic Approach, ed. L. H. Rockland. New York, NY: Basic Books, pp. 40–57.
   Google Scholar
• Appelbaum, S. A. (1963), The masochistic character as self-saboteur (with special reference to psychological testing). J. Projective Techniques, 27(1): 35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Appelbaum, S. A. (1976), Objections to diagnosis and diagnostic testing diagnosed. Bull. Menn. Clin., 40: 559–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelbaum, S. A. (1977), Anatomy of Change. New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bachrach, H. M., & L. A. Leaff. (1978), Analyzability: A systematic review of the clinical and quantitative literature. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 26: 881–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby, R. M., J. D. A. Parker, R. T. Joffe, & R. Buis. (1994), Reconstruction and validation of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Assessment, 1: 59–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A. T., R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown. (1996), Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M. D. (1995), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M. D., B. Becker, & R. Billington. (1986), A scale for the assessment of object relations: Reliability, validity, and factorial invariance. J. Clinic. Psych., 42: 733–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betan, E., A. K. Heim, C. Zittel Conklin, & D. Westen. (2005), Countertransference phenomena and personality pathology in clinical practice: An empirical investigation. Amer. J. Psych., 162(5): 890–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt, S. J. (2004), Experiences of Depression: Theoretical, Clinical, and Research Perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Blatt, S. J. (2006), A personal odyssey. J. Personality Assess., 87: 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt, S. J., J. P. D’Affiti, & D. M. Quinlan. (1976), Experiences of depression in normal young adults. J. Abnorm. Psych., 85: 383–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (1998a), Implicit and self-attributed dependency needs in dependent and histrionic personality disorders. J. Personal. Assess., 71: 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (1998b), Implicit and self-attributed dependency strivings: Differential relationships to laboratory and field measures of help-seeking. J. Personal. and Social Psych., 75: 778–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (1999), Criterion validity of objective and projective dependency tests: A metaanalytic assessment of behavioral prediction. Psychol. Assess., 11: 48–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (2002), A process dissociation approach to objective-projective test score interrelationships. J. Personal. Assess., 78(1): 47–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (2007), Toward a process-based framework for classifying personality tests: Comment on Meyer and Kurtz (2006). J. Personal. Assess., 89(2): 202–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F., & J. M. Masling. (2005), The Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale. In: Scoring the Rorschach: Seven Validated Systems, ed. R. F. Bornstein & J. M. Masling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 135–158.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969), Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1: Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bram, A. D. (2010), The relevance of the Rorschach and patient-examiner relationship in treatment planning and outcome assessment. J. Personal. Assess., 92(2): 91–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bram, A. D.. (2013), Psychological testing and treatment implications: We can say more. J. Personal. Assess., 95(4): 319–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bram, A. D.. (2014), Object relations, interpersonal functioning, and health in a nonclinical sample: Construct validation and norms for the TAT SCORS-G. Psychoanal. Psych., 31: 314–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bram, A. D., S. J. Gallant, & C. Segrin. (1999), A longitudinal investigation of object relations: Child-rearing antecedents, stability in adulthood, and construct validation. J. Res. in Personal., 33: 159–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bram, A. D., & M. J. Peebles. (2014), Psychological Testing That Matters: Creating a Road Map Effective Treatment. Washington, DC: APA Books.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, B., & D. J. Viglione. (1996), The Rorschach Human Experience Variable, interpersonal relatedness, and object representation in nonpatients. Psychol. Assess., 8: 92–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher, J. N., W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer. (1989), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for Administration and Scoring. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butcher, J. N., C. L. Williams, J. R. Graham, R. P. Archer, A. Tellegen, Y. S. Ben-Porath, & B. Kaemmer. (1992), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Version (MMPI-A): Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cate, R., M. Khademi, P. Judd, & H. Miller. (2011), Deficits in mentalization as a risk factor in the future development of eating disorders. Poster presented at the conference of the American Psychoanalytic Association, New York City, January.
   Google Scholar
• Clarkin, J. F., E. Caligor, B. Stern, & O. F. Kernberg. (2004), Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). New York, NY: Weill Cornell Medical College.
   Google Scholar
• Conklin, A. C., J. C. Malone, & J. T. Fowler. (2012), Mentalization and the Rorschach. Rorschachiana, 33(2): 189–213.
   Google Scholar
• Conners, C. K., G. Sitarenios, J. D. A. Parker, & J. N. Epstein. (1998), The Revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J. Abnorm. Child Psych., 26: 257–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, S. H., & D. Arnow. (1986), The Rorschach Defense Scales [Unpublished scoring manual]. Cambridge, MA: Department of Psychology, Cambridge Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, S. H., J. C. Perry, & M. O’Connell. (1991), The Rorschach Defense Scales II: Longitudinal perspectives. J. Personal. Assess., 56(2): 191–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousineau, T. M., & J. Shedler. (2006), Predicting physical health: Implicit mental health measures versus self-report scales. J. Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(6): 427–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer, P. (1991), The Development of Defense Mechanisms: Theory, Research, and Assessment. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, P. (2006), Protecting the Self: Defense Mechanisms in Action. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Desmat, M., S. Vanheule, H. Goenvynck, P. Verhaeghe, J. Vogel, & S. Bogaerts. (2007), The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: An inquiry into the different scoring procedures. Europe. J. Psychol. Assess., 23(2): 89–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eissler, K. R. (1953), The effect of the structure of the ego on psychoanalytic technique. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 1: 104–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner, J. E. (2003), The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System Vol. 1: Basic Foundations and Principles of interpretation (4th ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fairbairn, W. (1952), Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Falkenstrom, F., O. A. Solbakken, C. Moller, B. Lech, R. Sandell, & R. Holmqvist. (2014), Reflective functioning, affect consciousness, and mindfulness: Are these different functions? Psychoanal. Psych., 31: 26–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First, M. B., R. L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, & J. B. W. Williams. (1996), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flett, G. L., P. L. Hewitt, N. S. Endler, & R. M. Bagby. (1995), Conceptualization and assessment of personality factors in depression. Europe. J. Personal., 9: 309–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P. (2001), Attachment Theory and Psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Other Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., G. Gergely, E. L. Jurist, & M. Target. (2002), Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York, NY: Other Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., M. Target, M. Steele, & H. Steele. (1998), Reflective Functioning Manual: Version 5. For application to Adult Attachment Interviews. London: University College.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1904), Psycho-analytic procedure. In: The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 7), ed. J. Strachey. London: Hogarth Press, 1953, pp. 249–254.
   Google Scholar
• Gabbard, G. O. (1989), Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder. Bull. of the Menninger Clinic, 53: 527–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbard, G. O.. (1995), Countertransference: The emerging common ground. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 76: 475–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, C., & M. L. West. (2012), The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: Attachment Theory and assessment in Adults. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. W. (2001), Review of empirical research that utilized the Bell Object Relations Inventory. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Biola University, La Mirada, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., G. J. Chelune, J. L. Talley, G. G. Kay, & G. Curtiss. (1993), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual: Revised and Expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld, R. M. A., G. L. Klerman, H. G. Gough, J. Barrett, S. J. Korchin, & P. Chodoff. (1977), A Measure of Interpersonal Dependency. J. Personal. Assess., 41: 610–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. O., A. C. Del Re, C. Fluckiger, & B. D. Symonds. (2011), Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychother.: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 48(1): 9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huprich, S. K., ed. (2006), Rorschach Assessment of the Personality Disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Huprich, S. K., & R. F. Bornstein. (2015), Behind closed doors: Sadomasochistic enactments and psychoanalytic research. Psychoanal. Inq., 35(Suppl. 1): 185–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, E. (1964), Self and the Object World. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karon, B. P. (2002), Analyzability or the ability to analyze? Contemp. Psychoanal., 38: 121–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, F. D. (1997), The Assessment of Object Relations Phenomena in Adolescents: TAT and Rorschach Measures. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Kernberg, O. F. (1967), Borderline personality organization. J. Amer Psychoanal. Assn., 15: 641–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernberg, O. F. (1976), Object-Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Kernberg, O. F. (2011), Psychoanalysis and the University: A difficult relationship. Internat. J. Psycho-Anal., 92: 609–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernhof, K. K., J. Kaufhold, & R. Grabhorn. (2008), Object relations and interpersonal problems in sexually abused female patients: An empirical study with the SCORS and IIP. J. Personal. Assess., 90(1): 44–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiger, J. H. (1999), Disordered Thinking and the Rorschach: Theory, Research, and Differential Diagnosis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, M., & J. Riviere. (1964) Love, Hate, and Reparation. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1972), Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. Psychoanal. Study of the Child, 27, 360–400.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1984), How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lensenweger, M. F., J. F. Clarkin, O. F. Kernberg, & P. A. Foelsch. (2001), The Inventory of Personality Organization: Psychometric properties, factorial composition, and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis proneness, and self domains in a nonclinical sample. Psycholog. Assess., 13: 577–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, P. (1998), Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Rorschach. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mahler, M., F. Pine, & A. Bergman. (1975), The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Masling, J., L. Rabie, & S. H. Blondheim. (1967), Obesity, level of aspiration, and Rorschach and TAT measures of oral dependence. J. Consulting Psych., 31(3): 233–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayman, M. (1968), Early memories and character structure. J. Projective Tech. and Personal. Assess., 32: 303–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, D. C., R. Koestner, & J. Weinberger. (1989), How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psycholog. Rev., 96(4): 690–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWilliams, N. (1999), Psychoanalytic Case Formulation. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams, N. (2011), Psychoanalytic Diagnosis, 2nd edition. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, G. J., S. E. Finn, L. D. Eyde, G. G. Kay, K. L. Moreland, R. R. Dies, … G. M. Reed. (2001), Psychological testing and assessment: A review of evidence and issues. Amer. Psych., 56(2): 128–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, G. J., W. Hsiao, D. J. Viglione, J. L. Mihura, & J. M. Abraham. (2013), Rorschach scores in applied clinical practice: A survery of perceived validity by experienced clinicians. J. Personal. Assess., 95: 351–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, G. J., D. J. Viglione, J. L. Mihura, R. E. Erard, & P. Erdberg. (2011), Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, Coding, Interpretation, and Technical Manual. Toledo, OH: Rorschach Performance Assessment System, LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Mihura, J. L., G. J. Meyer, N. Dumitrascu, & G. Bombel. (2013), The validity of individual Rorschach variables: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the comprehensive system. Psycholog. Bull., 139: 548–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, J. M., M. Diener, J. C. Fowler, J. E. Sexton, & M. J. Hilsenroth. (2013), Criterion validity of the Rorschach Mutuality of Autonomy (MOA) scale: A meta-analytic review. Psychoanal. Psych., 30(4): 535–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, L. C. (1991), Personality Assessment Inventory Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Murray, H. (1943), Thematic Apperception Test Manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• PDM Task Force. (2006), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Silver Springs, MD: Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations.
   Google Scholar
• Peebles, M. J. (2012), Beginnings: The Art and Science of Planning Psychotherapy, 2nd edition. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Peebles-Kleiger, M. J. (2002), Elaboration of some sequence analysis strategies: Examples and guidelines for level of confidence. J. Personal. Assess., 79(1): 19–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peebles-Kleiger, M. J., L. Horwitz, J. H. Kleiger, & R. M. Waugaman. (2006), Psychological testing and analyzability: Breathing new life into an old issue. Psychoanal. Psych., 23: 5040–526.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget, J. (1937), The Construction of Reality in the Child, trans. M. Cook. New York: Basic Books, 1954.
   Google Scholar
• Rapaport, D., M. Gill, & R. Schafer. (1968), Diagnostic Psychological Testing (rev. ed.). New York: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph, A., M. Schroder, & A. Schutz. (2006), Ein impliziter Assoziationstest zur Erfassung Von Selbstwertscha¨tzung [An implicit association test measuring self-esteem]. In: Theorie und Praxis Objektiver Personlichkeitstests, ed. T. M. Ortner, R. T. Proyer, & K. D. Kubinger. Bern, Switzerland: Verlag Hans Huber, pp. 153–163.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. (1954), Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Rorschach Testing. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. (1958), How was this story told? J. Projective Tech., 22: 181–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. (1967), Projective Testing and Psychoanalysis. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. (2006), My life in testing. J. Personal. Assess., 86(3): 235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, H. J. (1995), The process of interpretation and the moment of change. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn, 43: 633–688.
   Google Scholar
• Schroder-Abe, M., A. Rudolph, & A. Schutz. (2007), High implicit self-esteem is not necessarily advantageous: Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-esteem and their relationship with anger expression and psychological health. Europe. J. Personal., 21: 319–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutz, A., & I. Sellin. (2006), Die multidimensionale Selbstwertskala (MSWS) [The Multidimensional self-esteem scale]. Gottingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Shectman, F., & M. K. Harty. (1986), Treatment implications of object relationships as they unfold during the diagnostic interaction. In: Assessing Object Relations Phenomena, ed. M. Kissen. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, pp. 279–303.
   Google Scholar
• Shedler, J., M. Mayman, & M. Manis. (1993), The illusion of mental health. Amer. Psychol., 48(11): 1117–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shedler, J., & D. Westen. (2007), The Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure: Making personality diagnosis clinically meaningful. J. Personal. Assess., 89(1): 41–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin, J. M., M. S. Stein, J. H. Pinsker-Aspen, & M. J. Hilsenroth. (2007), Early memories from outpatients with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse. J. Loss and Trauma, 12: 435–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, J. M., R. Vermote, L. Claes, & H. Vertommen. (2009), Inventory of Personality Organization-Revised: Constuction of an abridged version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25: 223–230.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, H., N. J. Jacobs, K. S. Ferguson, J. G. Allen, & P. Fonagy. (1998), What do adult attachment scales measure? Bull. Menn. Clin., 62(1): 33–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, M. B., M. J. Hilsenroth, J. Slavin-Mumford, & J. Pinsker. (2011), Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale: Global Rating Method (SCORS-G; 4th edition) [Unpublished manuscript]. Boston, MA: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, L. (1954), The widening scope of indications for psychoanalysis. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 2: 567–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stricker, G., & B. Healey. (1990), Projective assessment of object relations: A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2(3): 219–230.
   Google Scholar
• Symons, D. K., C. C. Peterson, V. Slaughter, J. Roche, & E. Doyle. (2005), Theory of mind and mental state discourse during book reading and story-telling tasks. Brit. J. Develop. Psych., 23: 81–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuber, S. B. (2012), Understanding Personality Through Projective Testing. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Urist, J. (1977), The Rorschach Test and the assessment of object relations. J. Personal. Assess., 41:, 3–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallerstein, R. (1986), Forty-Two Lives in Treatment: A Study of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, H. (1957), The concept of development from a comparative and organismic view. In: The Concept of Development, ed. D. B. Harris. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 125–148.
   Google Scholar
• Westen, D. (1995), Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale: Q-Sort for Projective Stories (SCORS-Q). Cambridge, MA: Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
   Google Scholar
• Westen, D. (2004), Clinical Diagnostic Interview. Atlanta, GA: Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University. Retrieved from http://www.swapassessment.org/supporting-documents/l
   Google Scholar
• Westen, D. (2008), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Westen, D., N. Lohr, K. Silk, & K. Kerber. (1985), Measuring Object Relations and Social Cognition Using the TAT: Scoring Manual. University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Westen, D., & S. Muderrisoglu. (2003), Reliability and validity of personality disorder assessment using a systematic clinical interview: Evaluating an alternative to structured interviews. J. Personal. Disord., 17: 350–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1965), The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Worchel, S., J. Cooper, & G. R. Goethals. (1991), Understanding Social Psychology, 5th edition. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (in press), International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th edition. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Yalof, J. (2006), Case illustration of a boy with Nonverbal Learning Disorder and Asperger’s features. Neuropsychological and personality assessment. J. Personal. Assess., 87: 15–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalof, J. (2015), Teaching psychoanalytic concepts in the university setting: Issues, challenges, and promises. Psychoanal. Inq., 35(Suppl. 1): 124–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalof, J., & D. Rosenstein. (2014), Psychoanalytic interpretation of superego functioning following CS readministration procedures: Case illustration. J. Personal. Assess., 96(2): 192–203, doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.836528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar