References
- Abel, M. (2019). Long-run effects of forced resettlement: Evidence from Apartheid South Africa. The Journal of Economic History, 79(4), 915–953. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050719000512
- Alexander, N. (1979). One azania, one nation: The national question in South Africa. Zed Press.
- Allen, T. W. (1994). The invention of the white race (Vol. 2). Verso.
- Amoateng, A. Y., Biney, E., & Ewemooje, O. S. (2021). Social determinants of chronic ill-health in contemporary South Africa: A social disadvantage approach. The Social Science Journal, 1–15. doi:10.1080/03623319.2020.1848339.
- Ansari, S. (2021). Financialization as a new regime of accumulation: Business, Apartheid, and the neoliberal transition. In Neoliberalism and resistance in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Appiah, K. A. (1985). The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race. Critical inquiry, 12(1), 21–37.
- Appiah, K. A. (1989). The Conservation of “Race.” Black American literature forum, 23(1), 37–60.
- Ashforth, A. (1997). Lineaments of the political geography of state formation in twentieth‐century South Africa. Journal of Historical Sociology, 10(2), 101–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6443.00033
- Berrisford, S. (2011). Unravelling Apartheid spatial planning legislation in South Africa. In Urban forum (Vol. 22, pp. 247–263). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-011-9119-8
- Bourhis, J. (2017). Narrative literature review. In M. Allen (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 1076–1077). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n370
- Brenner, N. (2018). Debating planetary urbanization: For an engaged pluralism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 36(3), 570–590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818757510
- Cohen, S. (1985). Visions of social control: Crime, punishment and classification (pp. 127–143). Polity Press.
- Comaroff, J. (1993). The diseased heart of Africa. Medicine, colonialism, and the black body. In S. Lindenbaum & M. Lock (Eds.), Knowledge, Power and Practice: The Anthropology of Medicine and Everyday Life (pp. 305–329). Berkeley.
- Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2003). Ethnography on an awkward scale: Postcolonial anthropology and the violence of abstraction. Ethnography, 4(2), 147–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661381030042001
- Crush, J. (1994). Fortress South Africa and the deconstruction of Apartheid’s migration regime. Geoforum, 30(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(98)00029-3
- Crush, J. (1994). Scripting the compound: Power and space in the South African mining industry. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12(3), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1068/d120301
- Crush, J., Williams, B., Gouws, E., & Lurie, M. (2005). Migration and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 22(3), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350500253153
- Davie, L. (2021). The 1913 land act: The Heritage Portal. The 1913 Land Act | The Heritage Portal. Retrieved August 22, 2021, from https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/1913-land-act
- De Groot, J., & Lemanski, C. (2021). COVID-19 responses: Infrastructure inequality and privileged capacity to transform everyday life in South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 33(1), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820970094
- Delius, P. (2017). The history of migrant labor in South Africa (1800–2014). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.93
- Delport, P. T., & Lephakga, T. (2016). Spaces of alienation: Dispossession and justice in South Africa. HTS Theological Studies, 72(1), 1–9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-4a721c9d9
- Demissie, F. (1998). In the shadow of the gold mines: Migrancy and mine housing in South Africa. Housing Studies, 13(4), 445–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673039883218
- Duminy, J., & Parnell, S. M. (2022). The shifting interface of public health and urban policy in South Africa. Journal of Planning History, 21(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/15385132211047542
- Echenberg, M. (2002). Pestis redux: The initial years of the third bubonic plague pandemic, 1894-1901. Journal of World History, 13(2), 429–449. https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2002.0033
- The Economist. (2020). Covid-19 has throttled South Africa’s economy. Retrieved August 3, 2020, from https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/18/covid-19-has-throttled-south-africas-economy
- The Economist. (2021a). Vaccine nationalism means that poor countries will be left behind. Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/01/28/vaccine-nationalism-means-that-poor-countries-will-be-left-behind
- The Economist. (2021b). Tracking Covid-19 excess deaths across countries. Retrieved May 11, 2021, from https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/coronavirus-excess-deaths-tracker
- Esseau-Thomas, C., Galarraga, O., & Khalifa, S. (2020). Epidemics, pandemics and income inequality (No. 20/22). HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
- Fields, B. J. (2001). Whiteness, racism, and identity. International Labor and Working-Class History, 60, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547901004410
- Fields, B. J. (2003). Of Rogues and Geldings. The American Historical Review, 108(5), 1397–1405. https://doi.org/10.1086/529973
- Fields, K. E., & Fields, B. J. (2014). Racecraft: The soul of inequality in American life. Verso Trade.
- Finn, B. M. (2021). The popular sovereignty continuum: Civil and political society in contemporary South Africa. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 39(1), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420941519
- Finn, B. M., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2020). Structural inequality in the time of COVID-19: Urbanization, segregation, and pandemic control in sub-Saharan Africa. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2), 217–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820620934310
- Fourie, J., & Jayes, J. (2021). Health inequality and the 1918 influenza in South Africa. World Development, 141, 105407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105407
- Ghosh, S., & Meer, A. (2021). Extended urbanisation and the agrarian question: Convergences, divergences and openings. Urban Studies, 58(6), 1097–1119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020943758
- Gilmore, R. W. (2002). Fatal couplings of power and difference: Notes on racism and geography. The Professional Geographer, 54(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00310
- Hall, S. (1980). Race, Articulation, and Societies Structured in Dominance. Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism (pp. 305–345). Paris: UNESCO.
- Huchzermeyer, M. (2014). Invoking Lefebvre’s ‘right to the city’ in South Africa today: A response to Walsh. City, 18(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.868166
- Human Rights Watch. (2020). South Africa: End bias in Covid-19 food aid. Retrieved May 21, 2020, from https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/20/south-africa-end-bias-covid-19-food-aid
- Jain, R., Bassier, I., Budlender, J., & Zizzamia, R. (2020). The labour market and poverty impacts of covid-19 in South Africa: An update with NIDS-CRAM wave 2. South African Labor and Development Research Unit. Working Paper Series, 264(1).
- Kerr, A. (2017). Tax(i)ing the poor? Commuting costs in South African cities. South African Journal of Economics, 85(3), 321–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12161
- Kirenga, B. J., & Byakika-Kibwika, P. (2021). Excess COVID-19 mortality among critically ill patients in Africa. The Lancet, 397(10288), 1860–1861. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00576-6
- Kobayashi, A., & Peake, L. (1994). Unnatural discourse. ‘Race’ and gender in geography. Gender, Place and Culture: a Journal of Feminist Geography, 1(2), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663699408721211
- Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writings on cities. Edited and translated by E. Lebas and E. Kofman. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
- Lemanski, C. (2009). Augmented informality: South Africa’s backyard dwellings as a by-product of formal housing policies. Habitat International, 33(4), 472–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2009.03.002
- Mabin, A. (2003). Dispossession, exploitation and struggle: An historical overview of South African urbanization. In D. M. Smith (Ed.), The Apartheid City and Beyond: Urbanization and Social Change in South Africa (pp. 24–36). Routledge.
- Maharaj, B. (2020). The Apartheid city. In R. Massey, & A. Gunter (Eds.), Urban geography in South Africa (pp. 39–54). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25369-1_3
- Maharaj, B., & Narsiah, S. (2002). From Apartheid apologism to post-apartheid neo- liberalism: Paradigm shifts in South African urban geography. South African Geographical Journal, 84(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2002.9713759
- Mahlangabeza, L., & Zwelakhe, L. (2021). Challenges in community participation in management of nature reserves. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 12(6), 74. https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0058
- Mbembe, A. (2015). Achille Mbembe on the state of South African political life. Africa Is a Country, 19. https://africasacountry.com/2015/09/achille-mbembe-on-the-state-of-south-african-politics
- Miraftab, F. (2012). Colonial present: Legacies of the past in contemporary urban practices in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Planning History, 11(4), 283–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538513212447924
- Morifi, K., & Mahlatsi, M. (2021). Negotiating meaningful citizenship in the zone of exclusion: The impact of racism on belonging in the new South Africa. In S. J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni, & B. Ngcaweni (Eds.), The contested idea of South Africa (pp. 276–290). Routledge.
- Murray, M. J. (2015). Waterfall city (Johannesburg): Privatized urbanism in extremis. Environment and Planning A, 47(3), 503–520. https://doi.org/10.1068/a140038p
- Murray, J., Davies, T., & Rees, D. (2011). Occupational lung disease in the South African mining industry: Research and policy implementation. Journal of Public Health Policy, 32(1), S65–S79. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.25
- Ngcukaitobi, T. (2018). The land is ours: Black lawyers and the birth of constitutionalism in South Africa. Penguin Random House South Africa.
- Noyoo, N. (2021). South Africa’s social policy response to Covid-19: Relief measures in an unequal society. Bremen: CRC 1342.
- Ntsebeza, L. (2022). African studies at UCT: An overview. In U. Fendler & U. Löhr (Eds.), African Studies Centres around the World: A Network-Based Inventory (pp. 125–144).
- Nwosu, C. O., & Oyenubi, A. (2021). Income-related health inequalities associated with the coronavirus pandemic in South Africa: A decomposition analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01361-7
- Omotoso, K. O., & Koch, S. F. (2018). Assessing changes in social determinants of health inequalities in South Africa: A decomposition analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0885-y
- Packard, R. M. (1989). White Plague, Black Labor: Tuberculosis and the Political Economy of Health and Disease in South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Parnell, S. (1989). Shaping a racially divided society: State housing policy in South Africa, 1920–50. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 7(3), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1068/c070261
- Parnell, S. (1991). Sanitation, segregation and the natives (urban areas) act: African exclusion from Johannesburg’s Malay location, 1897–1925. Journal of Historical Geography, 17(3), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7488(05)80003-9
- Parnell, S. (1993). Creating racial privilege: The origins of South African public health and town planning legislation. Journal of Southern African Studies, 19(3), 471–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079308708370
- Parnell, S., & Mabin, A. (1995). Rethinking urban South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 21(1), 39–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079508708432
- Parnell, S., & Pieterse, E. (2010). The ‘right to the city’: Institutional imperatives of a developmental state. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(1), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00954.x
- Penner, B. (2010). Flush with inequality: Sanitation in South Africa. Places Journal, 2010. https://doi.org/10.22269/101118
- Phillips, H. (1984). Black October: The impact of the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918 on South Africa [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cape Town.
- Phillips, H. (1988). South Africa’s worst demographic disaster: The Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918. South African Historical Journal, 20(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/02582478808671636
- Phillips, H. (2014). The recent wave of ‘Spanish’ flu historiography. Social History of Medicine, 27(4), 789–808. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hku066
- Phillips, H. (2020). More eyes on COVID-19: Perspectives from History-the need for history in a time of plague. South African Journal of Science, 116(7–8), 1. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/8495
- Pirie, G. H. (1983). On spatial justice. Environment and Planning A, 15(4), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1068/a150465
- Plaatje, S. T. (1921). Native life in South Africa: Before and since the European War and the boer rebellion. PS King and Son Ltd.
- Platzky, L., & Walker, C. (1985). The surplus people: Forced removals in South Africa. Ravan Press of South Africa.
- Ravetz, J. (2020a). Deeper city: Collective intelligence and the pathways from smart to wise. Routledge.
- Ravetz, J. (2020b). Pandemic-3.0–from crisis to transformation–exploring the COVID-19 challenge. Journal of Future Studies. https://jfsdigital.org/2020/08/18/pandemic-3-0-from-crisis/
- Robinson, J. (1990). ‘A perfect system of control’? State power and ‘Native locations’ in South Africa. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 8(2), 135–162. https://doi.org/10.1068/d080135
- Robinson, J. (1998). Spaces of democracy: Remapping the Apartheid city. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 16(5), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1068/d160533
- Robinson, C. J. (2021). Black Marxism: The making of the Black radical tradition. Penguin UK.
- Sabi, S. C. (2021). South Africa and the quest for land reform: Implications for integrative food security and nation-building. In A. O. Akinola, I. Kaseeram, & N. N. Jili (Eds.), The New political economy of land reform in South Africa (pp. 121–142). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51129-6_7
- Satoh, S., & Boyer, E. (2019). HIV in South Africa. The Lancet, 394(10197), 467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31634-4
- Swanson, M. W. (1977). The sanitation syndrome: Bubonic plague and urban native policy in the cape colony, 1900-1909. Journal of African History, 18(3), 387–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700027328
- Todes, A., & Turok, I. (2018). Spatial inequalities and policies in South Africa: Place-based or people-centred? Progress in Planning, 123(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2017.03.001
- Turok, I., & Borel-Saladin, J. (2018). The theory and reality of urban slums: Pathways-out-of- poverty or cul-de-sacs? Urban Studies, 55(4), 767–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016671109
- Tyali, S. M. (2018). Revisiting colonial dismemberment in South Africa: On cultural text and the Mandela nuclear family. International Journal of African Renaissance Studies- Multi-, Inter-and Transdisciplinarity, 13(2), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2018.1504613
- Vosloo, C. (2020). Extreme Apartheid: The South African system of migrant labour and its hostels. Image & Text, 34, 1–33. doi:10.17159/2617-3255/2020/n34a1.
- White, H. (2020). How is capitalism racial? Fanon, critical theory and the fetish of antiblackness. Social Dynamics, 46(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2020.1758871
- Wilburn, K. (2013). ‘Friend of the native?’: James Sivewright and the cape liberal tradition. South African Historical Journal, 65(2), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2012.729603
- Wolpe, H. (1972). Capitalism and cheap labour-power in South Africa: From segregation to Apartheid. Economy and Society, 1(4), 425–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147200000023
- Wolpe, H. (1990). Race, class & the Apartheid state. Africa World Press.
- World Bank. (2019). The world bank in South Africa: Overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southafrica/overview