References
- Pienaar , R. N. 1980 . “ Chrysophytes ” . In PhytoflagelIates , Edited by: Cox , E. R. 213 Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Müller , O. F. 1786 . Animalcula Infusoria Copenhagen
- Ehrenberg , C. G. 1838 . Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen , Leipzig : Leopold Voss .
- Pascher , A. 1914 . Über Flagellaten und Algen . Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. , 32 : 136
- Petersen , J. B. 1929 . Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flagellatengeisseln . Bot. Tidsskr. , 40 : 373
- Vlk , W. 1938 . Über den Bau der Geissei . Arch. Protistenkd. , 90 : 448
- Ivanov , L. 1899 . Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Morphologie und Systematik der Chrysomonaden . Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 5. ser. , 11 : 247
- Petersen , J. B. 1918 . Om Synura uvella Stein og nogle andre Chrysomonadiner . Vid. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren. , 69 : 345
- Korshikov , A. A. 1927 . Skadovskiella sphagnicola, a new colonial chrysomonad . Arch. Protistenkd. , 58 : 450
- Korshikov , A. A. 1929 . Studies in the chrysomonads. I . Arch. Protistenkd. , 67 : 253
- Conrad , W. 1927 . Essai d'une Monographie des genres Mallomonas Perty (1852) et Pseudomallomonas Chodat (1920) . Arch. Protistenkd. , 59 : 423
- Conrad , W. 1933 . Revision du genre Mallomonas Perty (1851) . Mêm. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. , 56 : 1
- Krieger , W. 1930 . Untersuchungen über Planktonchrysomonaden . Bot. Arch. , 29 : 257
- Bourrelly , P. 1957 . Recherches sur les Chrysophycees . Rev. Algol. Mém. Hors‐Série , 1 : 1
- Marton , L. 1934 . Electron microscopy of biological objects . Phys. Rev. , 46 : 527
- Brown , H. P. 1945 . On the structure and mechanics of the protozoan flagellum . Ohio J. Sci. , 45 : 247
- Pitelka , D. R. 1949 . Observations on flagellum structure in Flagellata . Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. , 53 : 377
- Houwink , A. L. 1951 . Die Pellikularschuppen und die Geissei der Physomonas vestita Stokes . Z. Wiss. Mikrosk. , 60 : 402
- Manton , I. 1952 . The fine structure of plant cilia . Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. , 6 : 306
- Pitelka , D. R. and Schooley , C. N. 1955 . Comparative morphology of some protistan flagella . Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. , 61 : 79
- Bradley , D. E. 1965 . Ultrastructure of some chrysophycean flagella . Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. , 91 : 336
- Bradley , D. E. 1965 . Observations on the mastigonemes of two Chrysophyceae using negative staining . Q. J. Microsc. Sci. , 106 : 321
- Asmund , B. 1955 . Electron microscope observations on Mallomonas caudata and some remarks on its occurrence in four Danish ponds . Bot. Tidsskr. , 52 : 163
- Fott , B. 1955 . Scales of Mallomonas observed in the electron microscope . Preslia , 27 : 280
- Fott , B. and Ludvik , J. 1956 . Elektronenoptische Untersuchung der Kieselstrukturen bei Chrysosphaerella (Chrysomonadinae) . Preslia , 28 : 276
- Harris , K. and Bradley , D. E. 1956 . Electron microscopy of Synura scales . Discovery , 17 : 329
- Harris , K. and Bradley , D. E. 1957 . An examination of the scales and bristles of Mallomonas in the electron microscope using carbon replicas . J. R. Microsc. Soc. (3rd Ser) , 76 : 37
- Petersen , J. B. and Hansen , J. B. 1956 . Nogle elektronmikroskopiske underosgelser af Physomonas vestita Stokes . Naturhist. Tidsskr. , 20 : 8
- Petersen , J. B. and Hansen , J. B. 1956 . On the scales of some Synura species . Biol. Medd. Kgl. Dan. Vid. Selsk , 23 (2) : 1
- Petersen , J. B. and Hansen , J. B. 1958 . On the scales of some Synura species II . Biol. Medd. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk , 27 (7) : 1
- Fott , B. 1957 . Die submikroskopische Struktur der Kieselschuppen bei Synura und ihre Bedeutung für die Taxonomie der Gattung . Preslia , 29 : 5
- Harris , K. and Bradley , D. E. 1956 . Potentialities of the carbon replica technique in the examination of the scales of Synura and Mallomonas under the electron microscope . Res. Corresp. , 9 : 20
- Kristiansen , J. 1971 . A Mallomonas bloom in a Bulgarian mountain lake . Nova Hedwigia , 21 : 877
- Asmund , B. 1956 . Electron microscope observations on Mallomonas species and remarks on their occurrence in some Danish ponds. II . Bot. Tidsskr. , 53 : 75
- Asmund , B. and Cronberg , G. 1979 . Two new taxa of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) . Bot. Not. , 132 : 409
- Asmund , B. , Cronberg , G. and Dürrschmidt , M. 1982 . Revision of the Mallomonas pumilio group (Chrysophyceae) . Nord. J. Bot. , 2 : 283
- Bradley , D. E. 1964 . A study of the Mallomonas, Synura and Chrysosphaerella of Northern Iceland . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 37 : 321
- Harris , K. and Bradley , D. E. 1960 . A taxonomic study of Mallomonas . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 22 : 750
- Dürrschmidt , M. 1984 . Studies on scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae from the Giessen area, Federal Republic of Germany . Nord. J. Bot. , 4 : 123
- Kristiansen , J. 1980 . Chrysophyceae from some Greek lakes . Nova Hedwigia , 33 : 167
- Kristiansen , J. 1982 . Mallomonas canina n. sp. (Chrysophyceae), a new member of sect. Heterospinae . Nord. J. Bot. , 2 : 293
- Nicholls , K. H. 1980 . A reassessment of Chrysosphaerella longispina and C. multispina and a revised key to related genera in the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) . Plant. Syst. Evol. , 135 : 95
- Momeu , L. and Péterfi , L. S. 1979 . Taxonomy of Mallomonas based on the fine structure of scales and bristles . Contr. Bot. Cluj‐Napoca , 1979 : 13
- Takahashi , E. 1978 . Electron Microscopical Studies of the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) in Japan, Taxonomy and Ecology , 194 Tokyo : Tokai University Press .
- Wee , J. L. 1982 . Studies on the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) of Iowa . Bibl. Phycol. , 62 : 1
- Wujek , D. E. and Asmund , B. 1979 . Mallomonas cyathellata sp. nov. and Mallomonas cyathellata var. kenyana var. nov. (Chrysophyceae) studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy . Phycologia , 18 : 115
- Karim , A. G. and Round , F. E. 1967 . Microfibrils in the lorica of the freshwater alga Dinobryon . N. Phytol. , 66 : 409
- Kristiansen , J. 1969 . Lorica structure in Chrysolykos (Chrysophyceae) . Bot. Tidsskr. , 64 : 162
- Kristiansen , J. 1972 . Studies on the lorica structure in Chrysophyceae . Sven. Bot. Tidskr. , 66 : 184
- Belcher , J. H. 1963 . Lorica construction in Pseudokephyrion pseudospirale Bourrelly . Br. Phycol. Bull. , 3 : 495
- Wolken , J. J. and Palade , G. E. 1952 . Fine structure of chloroplasts in two flagellates . Nature (London) , 170 : 114
- Wolken , J. J. and Palade , G. E. 1953 . An electron microscope study of two flagellates. Chloroplast structure and variation . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 56 : 873
- van der Veer , J. 1979 . Pavlova and the Taxonomy of Flagellates, Especially the Chrysomonads 146 Groningen, Holland Thesis
- Manton , I. 1955 . Observations with the electron microscope on Synura caroliniana Whitford . Proc. Leeds Philos. Soc. Sci. Sect. , 6 : 306
- Rouiller , C. and Faurée‐Fremiet , E. 1958 . Structure fine d'un flagellé chrysomonadien: Chromulina psammobia . Exp. Cell Res. , 14 : 47
- Hovasse , R. and Joyon , L. 1957 . Sur l'ultrastructure de la chrysomonadine Hydrurus foetidus . C.R. Acad. Sci. , 245 : 110
- Hovasse , R. and Joyon , L. 1960 . Contribution à l'étude de la chrysomonadine Hydrurus foetidus . Rev. Algol. N.S. , 5 : 66
- Manton , I. and Leedale , G. F. 1961 . Observations on the fine structure of Paraphysomonas vestita with special reference to the Golgi apparatus and the origin of scales . Phycoiogia , 1 : 37
- Gibbs , S. P. 1962 . Nuclear envelope‐chloroplast relationships in algae . J. Cell Biol. , 14 : 433
- Luft , J. H. 1961 . Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. , 2 : 799
- Spurr , A. S. 1969 . A low‐viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy . J. Ultrastruct. Res. , 26 : 31
- Joyon , L. 1963 . Contribution à l'étude cytologique de quelques protozoaires flagellés . Ann. Fac. Sci. Univ. Clermont , 22 : 1
- Hibberd , D. J. 1970 . Observations on the cytology and ultrastructure of Ochromonas tuberculata sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), with special reference to the discobolocysts . Br. Phycol. J. , 5 : 119
- Belcher , J. H. and Swale , E. M. F. 1967 . Chromulina placentula sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), a freshwater nanoplankton flagellate . Br. Phycol. Bull. , 3 : 257
- Belcher , J. H. and Swale , E. M. F. 1971 . The microanatomy of Phaeaster pascheri Scherffel (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 6 : 157
- Belcher , J. H. and Swale , E. M. F. 1972 . Some features of the microanatomy of Chrysococcus cordiformis Naumann . Br. Phycol. J. , 7 : 53
- Belcher , J. H. and Swale , E. M. F. 1972 . The morphology and fine structure of the colourless colonial flagellate Anthophysa vegetans (O. F. Müller) Stein . Br. Phycol. J. , 7 : 335
- Belcher , J. H. and Swale , E. M. F. 1976 . Spumella elongata (Stokes) nov. comb. a colourless flagellate from soil . Arch. Protistenkd. , 118 : 215
- Schnepf , E. and Deichgräber , G. 1969 . Über die Feinstruktur von Synura petersenii unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Morphogenese ihrer Kieselschuppen . Protoplasma , 68 : 85
- Bouck , G. B. 1971 . The structure, origin, isolation, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the Ochromonas flagellum . J. Cell Biol. , 50 : 362
- Casper , J. 1972 . Zum Feinbau der Geissein der Chrysomonaden . Arch. Protistenkd. , 114 : 65
- Péterfi , L. St. 1969 . The fine structure of Poteriochromonas malhamensis (Pringsheim) comb. nov. with special reference to the lorica . Nova Hedwigia , 17 : 93
- Millonig , G. 1961 . A modified procedure for lead staining of thin sections . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. , 11 : 736
- Kristiansen , J. 1979 . Problems in classification and identification of Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) . Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. , 40 : 310
- Wee , J. L. 1983 . Specimen collection and preparation for critical light microscope examination of Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) . Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. , 102 : 68
- Andersen , R. A. and Mulkey , T. J. 1983 . The occurrence of chlorophylls c1 and c2 in the Chrysophyceae . J. Phycol. , 19 : 289
- Lee , R. E. 1978 . Formation of scales in Paraphysomonas vestita and the inhibition of growth by germanium dioxide . J. Protozool. , 25 : 163
- Herth , W. , Kuppel , A. and Schnepf , E. 1977 . Chitinous fibrils in the lorica of the flagellate chrysophyte Poteriochromonas stipitata (syn. Ochromonas malhamensis) . J. Cell Biol. , 73 : 311
- Klebs , G. 1892 . Flagellatenstudien. II . Z. Wiss. Zool. , 55 : 353
- Hibberd , D. J. 1976 . The ultrastructure and taxonomy of the Chrysophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae), a survey with some new observations on the ultrastructure of the Chrysophyceae . Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , 72 : 55
- Schnepf , E. , Röderer , G. and Herth , W. 1975 . The formation of fibrils in the lorica of Poteriochromonas stipitata: tip growth, kinetics, site, orientation . Planta (Berl.) , 123 : 45
- Clarke , K. J. and Pennick , N. C. 1981 . Ochromonas villosa sp. nov. a member of the Chrysophyceae with a fibrous body coating . Arch. Protistenkd. , 124 : 430
- Bouck , G. B. 1972 . “ Architecture and assembly of mastigonemes ” . In Advances in Cell and Molecular Biology , Edited by: DuPraw , E. J. 237 New York : Academic Press .
- Jahn , T. L. , Landman , M. D. and Fonseca , J. R. 1964 . The mechanism of locomotion of flagellates. II. Function of the mastigonemes of Ochromonas . J. Protozool. , 11 : 291
- Hill , F. G. and Outka , D. E. 1974 . The structure and origin of mastigonemes in Ochromonas minuta and Monas sp. . J. Protozool. , 21 : 299
- Bouck , G. B. and Brown , D. L. 1973 . Microtubule biogenesis and cell shape in Ochromonas . J. Cell Biol. , 56 : 340
- Gibbs , S. P. , Cheng , D. and Slankis , T. 1974 . The chloroplast nucleoid in Ochromonas danica . J. Cell Sci. , 16 : 557
- Preisig , H. R. and Hibberd , D. J. 1982 . Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas and related genera 1–3 . Nord. J. Bot. , 2 : 397 3, 625, 1983
- Gibbs , S. P. 1979 . The route of entry of cytoplasmatically synthesized protein into chloroplasts of algae possessing chloroplast ER . J. Cell Sci. , 35 : 253
- Kristiansen , J. and Walne , P. L. 1976 . Structural connections between flagellar base and stigma in Dinobryon . Protoplasma , 89 : 371
- Kristiansen , J. and Walne , P. L. 1977 . Fine structure of photokinetic systems in Dinobryon cylindricum var. alpinum (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 12 : 329
- Cole , G. T. and Wynne , M. J. 1973 . Nuclear pore arrangement and structure of the Golgi complex in Ochromonas danica (Chrysophyceae) . Cytobios , 8 : 161
- Kahan , D. R. , Oren , R. , Aaronson , S. and Behrens , U. 1978 . Fine structure of the cell surface and Golgi apparatus of Ochromonas . J. Protozool. , 25 : 30
- Slankis , T. and Gibbs , S. P. 1972 . The fine structure of mitosis and cell division in the chrysophycean alga Ochromonas danica . J. Phycol. , 8 : 243
- Hibberd , D. J. 1977 . Ultrastructure of cyst formation in Ochromonas tuberculata (Chrysophyceae) . J. Phycol. , 13 : 309
- Christensen , T. 1962 . Alger, Systematisk Botanik , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Böcher , T. W. , Lange , M. and Sørensen , Th. Vol. 2 , 178 Copenhagen : Munksgaard .
- Parke , M. , Manton , I. and Clarke , B. 1955 . Studies on marine flagellates. II. Three new species of Chrysochromulina . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 34 : 579
- Parke , M. , Manton , I. and Clarke , B. 1958 . Studies on marine flagellates. IV. Morphology and microanatomy of a new species of Chrysochromulina . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 37 : 209
- Conrad , W. 1941 . Notes protistologiques. XXI. Sur les chrysomonadines à trois fouets . Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. , 17 (45) : 1
- Starmach , K. 1985 . “ Chrysophyceae und Haptophyceae ” . In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 1 , Edited by: Ettl , H. Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
- Casper , J. and Algen , Die . 1974 . Urania‐Pflanzenreich I , 130 Leipzig : Urania Verlag .
- Hibberd , D. J. 1986 . “ Ultrastructure of the Chrysophyceae — phylogenetic implications and taxonomy ” . In Chrysophyceae — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Kristiansen , J. 1972 . Structure and occurrence of Bicoeca crystallina with remarks on the taxonomic position of the Bicoecales . Br. Phycol. J. , 7 : 1
- Moestrup , Ø. and Thomsen , H. A. 1976 . Fine structure studies on the flagellate genus Bicoeca. I . Protistologica , 12 : 101
- Petersen , J. B. and Hansen , J. B. 1954 . Electron microscope observations on Codonosiga botrytis (Ehr.) James‐Clark . Bot. Tidsskr. , 51 : 281
- Lackey , J. B. 1940 . Some new flagellates from the Woods Hole area . Am. Midl. Nat. , 23 : 463
- Swale , E. M. F. 1969 . A study of the nanoplankton flagellate Pedinella hexacostata Vysotskii by light and electron microscopy . Br. Phycol. J. , 4 : 65
- Fjerdingstad , E. J. 1961 . Ultrastructure of the choanoflagellate Codonosiga botrytis (Ehrenb.) . Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. , 53 : 645
- Hibberd , D. J. 1975 . Observations on the ultrastructure of the choanoflagellate Codosiga botrytis (Ehr.) Saville‐Kent with special reference to the flagellar apparatus . J. Cell Sci. , 17 : 191
- Leadbeater , B. S. C. 1972 . Fine structural observations on some marine choanoflagellates from the coast of Norway . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 52 : 67
- Kristiansen , J. 1986 . “ Chrysophyta ” . In Handbook of Protoctists Edited by: Margulis , L. , Chapman , D. and Corliss , J. O. in press
- Ostroff , C. R. and Van Valkenburg , S. D. 1971 . The fine structure of Pseudopedinella pyriforme Carter (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 13 : 303
- Zimmermann , B. , Moestrup , Ø. and Hällfors , G. 1984 . Chrysophyte or Heliozoon: ultrastructural studies on a cultured species of Pseudopedinellá (Pedinellales ord. nov.) with comments on species taxonomy . Protistologica , 20 : 591
- Van Valkenburg , S. D. 1971 . Observations on the fine structure of Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg. I. The skeleton . J. Phycol. , 7 : 113
- Van Valkenburg , S. D. 1971 . Observations on the fine structure of Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg. II. The protoplast . J. Phycol. , 7 : 1184
- Van Valkenburg , S. D. 1980 . “ Gilicoflagellates ” . In Phytoflagellates , Edited by: Cox , E. R. 335 Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Gibbs , S. P. , Chu , L. L. and Magnussen , C. 1980 . Evidence that Olisthodiscus is a member of the Chrysophyceae . Phycologia , 19 : 173
- Loeblich , A. R. and Fine , K. 1977 . Marine chloromonads: more widely distributed in neritic environments than previously thought . Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. , 90 : 388
- Bourrelly , P. 1965 . La classification des Chrysophycées, ses problemes . Rev. Algol. , 1 : 56
- Bourrelly , P. 1981 . Les Algues d'Eau Douce , 2nd Ed. , Vol. 2 , 438 Paris : N. Boubeé & Cic. .
- Gayral , P. and Billard , C. 1977 . Synopsis du nouvel ordre des Sarcinochrysidales (Chrysophycées) . Taxon , 26 : 241
- Andersen , R. A. 1985 . Synurophyceae, a new class of algae . Second Int. Phycol. Congr. Abstr. , 5
- Hillard , D. K. and Asmund , B. 1963 . Studies on Chrysophyceae from some ponds and lakes in Alaska. II. Notes on the genera Dinobryon, Hyalobryon and Epipyxis with descriptions of new species . Hydrobiologia , 22 : 331
- Takahashi , E. 1973 . Studies on genera Mallomonas and Synura and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope. VII. New genus Spiniferomonas of the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) . Bot. Mag. Tokyo , 86 : 75
- Nicholls , K. H. 1985 . The validity of the genus Spiniferomonas . Nord. J. Bot. , 5 : 403
- Asmund , B. and Kristiansen , J. 1986 . The genus Mallomonas. A toxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles . Opera Bot. , 85 : 1
- Matvienko . 1941 . Do sistematiki rodu Mallomonas . Tr. Inst. Bot. Kharkov. , 4 : 41
- Belcher , J. H. 1969 . Some remarks upon Maliomonas papillosa Harris et Bradley and M. calceolus Bradley . Nova Hedwigia , 18 : 257
- Bourrelly , P. and Chadefaud , M. 1951 . Sur les charactères d'un Mallomonas et les affinités des Chrysophyceés . C.R. Acad. Sci. , 232 : 434
- Péterfi , L. St. and Momeu , L. 1976 . Romanian Mallomonas species studied in light and electron microscopes . Nova Hedwigia , 27 : 353
- Péterfi , L. St. and Momeu , L. 1980 . Numerical taxonomy of the genus Mallomonas Perty . Contr. Bot. Cluj‐Napoca , 1980 : 19
- Hibberd , D. J. 1978 . The fine structure of Synura sphagnicola (Korsh.) Korsh. (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 13 : 404
- Cronberg , G. 1972 . Investigations of scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae species by scanning electron microscopy . Rev. Algol. N.S. , 10 : 319
- Dürrschmidt , M. 1982 . Studies on the Chrysophyceae from South Chilean inland waters by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. II . Algol. Stud. , 31 : 121
- Smol , J. 1980 . Fossil synuracean (Chrysophyceae) scales in lake sediments: a new group of paleoindicators . Can. J. Bot. , 58 : 458
- Smol , J. , Charles , D. F. and Whitehead , D. R. 1984 . Mallomonadacean microfossils provide evidence of recent lake acidification . Nature (London) , 307 : 628
- Munch , S. 1980 . Fossil diatoms and scales of Chrysophyceae in the recent history of Hall Lake, Washington . Freshwater Biol. , 10 : 61
- Cronberg , G. 1986 . “ Chrysophycean cysts and scales in lake sediments. A review ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Franke , W. W. and Herth , W. 1973 . Cell and lorica fine structure of the chrysomonad alga, Dinobryon sertularia Ehr. (Chrysophyceae) . Arch. Mikrobiol. , 91 : 323
- Herth , W. 1979 . Behaviour of the chrysophyte alga, Dinobryon divergens during lorica formation . Protoplasma , 100 : 345
- Schoonoord , M. P. and Ellis‐Adam , A. C. 1984 . Chrysocrinus honorarius spec. nov. (Stylococcaceae, Chrysophyceae) some stages of its lorical development and its distribution on the substrate . Acta Bot. Neerl. , 33 : 399
- Harris , K. 1963 . Observations on Spnaleromantis tetragona . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 33 : 345
- Pienaar , R. N. 1976 . The microanatomy of Sphaleromantis marina sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 11 : 83
- Manton , I. and Harris , K. 1966 . Observations on the microanatomy of the brown flagellate Sphaleromantis tetragona Skuja with special reference to the flagellar apparatus and scales . J. Linn. Soc. London Bot. , 59 : 397
- Pienaar , R. N. 1977 . The microanatomy of an unusual marine species of Chromulina (Chrysophyceae) . Proc. Electr. Microsc. Soc. S. Afr. , 7 : 101
- Clarke , K. J. and Pennick , N. C. 1975 . Syncrypta glomerifera sp. nov. a marine member of the Chrysophyceae bearing a new form of scale . Br. Phycol. J. , 10 : 363
- Throndsen , J. 1969 . Flagellates of Norwegian coastal waters . Nytt Mag. Bot. , 16 : 161
- Throndsen , J. 1971 . Apedinella gen. nov. and the fine structure of A. spinifera (Throndsen) comb. nov. . Norw. J. Bot. , 18 : 47
- Bradley , D. E. 1966 . The ultrastructure of the flagella of three chrysomonads, with particular reference to the mastigonemes . Exp. Cell Res. , 41 : 162
- Zimmermann , B. 1977 . Flagellar and body scales in the chrysophyte Mallomonas multiunca Asmund . Br. Phycol. J. , 12 : 287
- Hibberd , D. J. 1973 . Observations on the ultrastructure of flagellar scales in the genus Synura . Arch. Mikrobiol. , 89 : 291
- Moestrup , Ø. 1982 . Flagellar structure in algae; a review, with new observations particularly on the Chrysophyceae, Phaeophyceae (Fucophyceae), Euglenophyceae, and Reckertia . Phycologia , 21 : 427
- Bioret , G. 1931 . “ Les ecailles de Synura uvella Stein ” . In Trav. Crypt. Déd. à Louis Mangin , 8 Paris : Lab. de Cryptogamie .
- McGrory , C. B. and Leadbeater , B. S. C. 1981 . “ Ultrastructure and deposition of silica in the Chrysophyceae ” . In Silicon and Siliceous Structure in Biological Systems , Edited by: Simpson , T. L. and Volcani , B. E. 201 Heidelberg : Springer‐Verlag .
- Mignot , J.‐P. and Brugerolle , G. 1982 . Scale formation in chrysomonad flagellates . J. Ultrastruct. Res. , 81 : 13
- Greenwood , A. D. 1969 . Scale production in Synura . Proc. R. Microsc. Soc. , 2 : 380
- Leadbeater , B. S. C. 1986 . “ Scale‐case construction in Synura petersenii Korsh. (Chrysophyceae) ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Brugerolle , G. and Brichieux , G. 1984 . Actin microfilaments are involved in scale formation of the chrysomonad cell Synura . Protoplasma , 123 : 203
- Wujek , D. and Kristiansen , J. 1978 . Observations on bristle‐ and scale‐production in Mallomonas caudata (Chrysophyceae) . Arch. Protistenkd. , 120 : 213
- Leadbeater , B. S. 1984 . Silification of “cell walls” in certain protistan flagellates . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B , 304 : 529
- Hibberd , D. J. 1979 . Notes on the ultrastructure of the genus Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) with special reference to P. bandaiensis Takahashi . Arch. Protistenkd. , 121 : 146
- Takahashi , E. 1967 . Studies on genera Mallomonas, Synura and other plankton in fresh‐water with the electron microscope. IV. Morphological and ecological observations on genus Synura in ponds and lakes in Yamagata Prefecture . Bull. Yamagata Univ. Agricult. Sci. , 5 : 99
- Thomsen , H. A. , Zimmermann , B. , Moestrup , Ø. and Kristiansen , J. 1981 . Some new freshwater species of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) . Nord. J. Bot. , 1 : 559
- Thomsen , H. A. 1975 . An ultrastructural survey of the chrysophycean genus Paraphysomonas under natural conditions . Br. Phycol. J. , 10 : 113
- Balonov , I. M. 1980 . O novom vide roda Chrysosphaerella (Chrysophyta) (On the new species of the genus Chrysosphaerella (Chrysophyta)) . Bot. Zh. , 65 : 1190
- Balonov , I. M. 1976 . Rod Synura Ehr. (Chrysophyta), Biologija, ekologija, sistematika . Akad. Nauk. SSSR Inst. Biol. Vnutrennich Vod Tr. , 31 (34) : 61
- Kristiansen , J. and Asmund , B. Bristle construction in Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) . Int. Symp. Biomineralization, (Abstr.) Birmingham . pp. 13
- Croome , R. L. and Tyler , P. A. 1983 . Mallomonopsis tasmanica sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) and Mallomonopsis elliptica Matvienko from Australia . Br. Phycol. J. , 18 : 357
- Dürrschmidt , M. 1983 . New taxa of the genus Mallomonas (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae) from Southern Chile . Nova Hedwigia , 38 : 717
- Croome , R. L. and Tyler , P. A. 1983 . Mallomonas plumosa (Chrysophyceae), a new species from Australia . Br. Phycol. J. , 18 : 151
- Cronberg , G. and Hickel , B. 1985 . Mallomonas fenestrata sp. nov. and M. perforata sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from tropical lakes . Nord. J. Bot. , 5 : 105
- Dürrschmidt , M. 1983 . A taxonomic study of the Mallomonas mangofera group (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae), including the description of four new taxa . Plant Syst. Evol. , 143 : 175
- Conrad , W. 1946 . Notes protistologiques. XXXI. Matériaux pour la morphologie des Synura Ehrenberg . Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. , 22 (11) : 1
- Andersen , R. A. and Meyer , R. L. 1977 . Scaled Chrysophyceae from Arkansas . Ark. Acad. Sci. Proc. , 31 : 12
- Asmund , B. 1968 . Studies on Chrysophyceae from some ponds and lakes in Alaska. VI. Occurrence of Synura species . Hydrobiologia , 31 : 497
- Parke , M. and Dixon , P. S. 1976 . A revised check‐list of British marine algae . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 44 : 499
- Leadbeater , B. S. C. 1974 . Ultrastructural observations on nanoplankton collected from the coast of Jugoslavia and the Bay of Algiers . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 54 : 179
- Perty , M. 1851 . Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen 1 Bern
- Huber‐Pestalozzi , G. 1941 . “ Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers 2, 1 ” . In Die Binnengewässer , Edited by: Thienemann , A. 16 Stuttgart : Schweitzerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung .
- Stein , F. 1878 . Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere Vol. 3 , 1 Leipzig
- Kristiansen , J. 1986 . “ Identification, ecology and distribution of scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae, a critical approach ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Starmach , K. 1980 . “ Chrysophyceae — Złotowiciowce ” . In Flora Słodkowodna Polski , 5 Warzawa‐Krakow : Polska 7Akademia Nauk .
- Harris , K. 1958 . A study of M. insignis and M. akrokomos . J. Gen. Microbiol. , 19 : 55
- Asmund , B. 1959 . Electron Microscope observations on Mallomonas species and remarks on their occurrence in some Danish ponds and lakes . Dansk. Bot. Ark , 18 (3) : 7
- Peterfi , L. St. and Momeu , L. 1976 . Mallomonas transsylvanica, spec. nov. (Chrysophyceae), light and electron microscopical studies . Plant. Syst. Evol. , 125 : 47
- Asmund , B. 1977 . Two new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) in Swedish lakes . Bot. Tidsskr. , 71 : 253
- Cronberg , G. and Kristiansen , J. 1980 . Synuraceae and other Chrysophyceae from central Småland, Sweden . Bot. Not. , 133 : 595
- Nygaard , G. 1977 . New or interesting plankton Algae . Kgl. Da. Vid. Selsk. Biol. Skr , 21 (1) : 1
- Schiller , J. 1926 . Der thermische Einfluss und die Wirkung des Eises auf die planktischen Herbstvegetationen in den Altwässern der Donau bei Wien . Arch. Protistenkd. , 56 : 1
- Lauterborn , E. 1899 . Protozoen‐Studien. IV. Flagellaten aus dem Gebiete des Oberrheins . Z. Wiss. Zool. , 65 : 369
- Korshikov , A. A. 1942 . On some new or little known flagellates . Arch. Protistenkd. , 95 : 22
- Kristiansen , J. 1969 . Chrysosphaerella multispina Bradley and some other remarkable Chrysophyceae from Lake Stråken, Aneboda, Sweden . Österr. Bot. Zeitschi. , 116 : 70
- Conrad , W. 1912 . Note sur un état filamenteux du Synura uvella Ehrbg . Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Bel. , 44 : 1
- Schneider , H. 1969 . Eine bandförmige Synura‐ Kolonie . Mikrokosmos , 58 : 4
- Prowse , G. A. 1962 . Further Malayan freshwater flagellata . Card. Bull. , 19 : 105
- Puytorac , P. , Mignot , J. P. , Grain , J. , Grolière , C. A. , Bonnet , L. and Couillard , P. 1972 . Premier relevé de certaines groupes de protozoaires libres sur le territoire de la station de biologie de l'université de Montréal (Saint Hippolyte, Comte de Terrebonne, Québec) . Nat. Can. , 99 : 417
- Nygaard , G. 1978 . Freshwater phytoplankton from the Narssaq Area, South Greenland . Bot. Tidsskr. , 73 : 191
- Wujek , D. E. and Wee , J. L. 1983 . Chrysodidymus in the United States . Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. , 102 : 77
- Kristiansen , J. 1975 . On the occurrence of the species of Synura . Verh. Intern. Ver. Limnol. , 19 : 2709
- Kristiansen , J. 1981 . Distribution problems in the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) . Vehr. Intern. Ver. Limnol. , 21 : 1444
- Jacobsen , B. Aa. 1986 . Scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae and paraphysomonadaceae) from West Greenland . Nord. J. Bot. , 5 : 381
- Kling , H. and Kristiansen , J. 1983 . Scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) from Central and Northern Canada . Nord. J. Bot. , 3 : 267
- Smol , J. , Charles , D. F. and Whitehead , D. R. 1984 . Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) assemblages and their relationships with limnological characteristics in 38 Adirondack (New York) lakes . Can. J. Bot. , 62 : 911
- Doflein , F. 1923 . Untersuchungen über Chrysomonadinen. III. Arten von Chromulina und Ochromonas aus dem Badischen Schwarzwald und ihre Cystenbildung . Arch. Protistenkd. , 46 : 267
- Sandgren , C. D. 1980 . Resting cyst formation in selected chrysophyte flagellates . Protistologica , 16 : 283
- Skogstad , A. 1984 . Vegetative cells and cysts of Mallomonas intermedia (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae) . Nord. J. Bot. , 4 : 275
- Sandgren , C. D. 1983 . “ Survival strategies of chrysophycean flagellates: reproduction and the formation of resistant resting cysts ” . In Survival Strategies of the Algae , Edited by: Fryxell , G. A. 23 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Conrad , W. 1938 . Observations sur Uroglena soniaca n. sp. et remarques sur le genre Uroglena Ehr (incl. Uroglenopsis Lemm) . Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. , 14 (42) : 1
- Nygaard , G. 1956 . The ancient and recent flora of diatoms and Chrysophyceae in lake Gribsø . Folia Limnol. Scand. , 8 : 32
- Cronberg , G. 1980 . Cyst development in different species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) studied by scanning electron microscopy . Algol. Stud. , 25 : 421
- Gritten , M. 1977 . On the fine structure of some chrysophycean cysts . Hydrobiologia , 53 : 239
- Adam , D. P. and Mahood , A. D. 1981 . Chrysophyte cysts as potential environmental indicators . Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , 1 (92) : 839
- Sandgren , C. D. and Carney , H. J. 1983 . A flora of fossil chrysophycean cysts from the recent sediments of Frains Lake, Michigan, USA . Nova Hedwigia , 38 : 129
- Carney , H. J. and Sandgren , C. D. 1983 . Chrysophycean cysts, indicators of eutrophication in the recent sediments of Frains Lake, Michigan, USA . Hydrobiologia , 101 : 195
- Sandgren , C. D. 1983 . Morphological variability in populations of chrysophycean resting cysts . J. Phycol. , 19 : 64
- Belcher , J. H. 1969 . A morphological study of the phytoflagellate Chrysococcus rufescens Klebs in culture . Br. Phycol. J. , 4 : 105
- Faurée‐Fremiet , E. and Rouiller , C. 1957 . Le flagelle interne d'une Chrysomonadale: Chromulina psammobia . C. R. Acad. Sci. , 244 : 2655
- Hibberd , D. J. 1971 . Observations on the cytology and ultrastructure of Chrysamoeba radians Klebs (Chrysophyceae) . Br. Phycol. J. , 6 : 207
- Hibberd , D. J. and Chretiennot‐Dinet , M.‐J. 1979 . The ultrastructure and taxonomy of Rhizochromulina marinagen. et sp. nov. an amoeboid marine chrysophyte . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. , 59 : 179
- Norris , R. E. 1977 . Flagellate cells in the life history of Stichogloea . Phycologia , 16 : 75
- Wujek , D. E. 1978 . Ultrastructure of flagellated chrysophytes. III. Mallomonas caudata . Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci. , 81 : 327
- Mignot , J.‐P. 1977 . Étude ultrastructurale d'un flagellé du genre Spumella Cienk. chrysomonadine leucoplastidiée . Protistologica , 13 : 219
- Pringsheim , E. G. 1963 . Farblose Algen , 471 Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
- Pringsheim , E. G. 1952 . On the nutrition of Ochromonas . Q. J. Microsc. Sci. , 93 : 71
- Preisig , H. R. and Hibberd , D. J. 1986 . “ Classification of four genera of Chrysophyceae bearing silica scales in a family separate from Mallomonas and Synura ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Takahashi , E. 1972 . Studies on genera Mallomonas and Synura and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope. VIII. On three new species of Chrysophyceae . Bot. Mag. Tokyo , 85 : 293
- Tappan , H. 1028 . The paleobiology of Plant Protists , 1980 San Francisco : W. H. Freeman .
- Whatley , J. M. , John , P. and Whatley , F. R. 1979 . From extracellular to intracellular: the establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts . Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , 204 : 165
- Stewart , K. D. and Mattox , K. 1980 . “ Phylogeny of phytoflagellates ” . In Phytoflagellates , Edited by: Cox , E. R. 433 Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Gillot , M. A. and Gibbs , S. P. 1980 . The cryptomonad nucleomorph, its ultrastructure and evolutionary significance . J. Phycol. , 16 : 558
- Hibberd , D. J. 1979 . The structure and phylogenetic significance of the flagellar transition region in the chlorophyll c‐containing algae . BioSystems , 11 : 243
- Round , F. E. 1986 . “ The Chrysophyta, a reassessment ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Corliss , J. O. 1984 . The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla . BioSystems , 17 : 87
- Hibberd , D. J. 1978 . Possible phylogenetic value of the transitional helix in some chromophyte algal classes and some colourless protists . BioSystems , 10 : 115
- Taylor , F. J. R. 1976 . Flagellate phylogeny, a study in conflicts . J. Protozool. , 23 : 28
- Hibberd , D. J. 1976 . Observations on the ultrastructure of three new species of Cyathobodo Petersen & Hansen (C. salpina, C. imbricatus and C. simplex) and on the external morphology of Pseudodendromonas vlkii Bourrelly . Protistologica , 12 : 249
- Hibberd , D. J. 1976 . The fine structure of the colonial colorless flagellate Rhipidodendron splendidum Stein and Spongomonas uvella Stein with special reference to the flagellar apparatus . J. Protistol. , 23 : 374
- Hibberd , D. J. 1985 . Observations on the ultrastructure of new species of Pseudodendromonas Bourrelly (P. operculifera and P. insignis) and Cyathobodo Petersen and Hansen (C. peltatus and C. gemmatus) Pseudodendromonadida ord. nov. . Arch. Protistenkd , 129 : 3
- Patterson , D. J. 1986 . “ The actinophryid Heliozoa (Sarcodina, Actinopoda) as chromophytes ” . In Chrysophytes — Aspects and Problems , Edited by: Kristiansen , J. and Andersen , R. A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in press
- Fott , B. and Rozsival , M. 1951 . Frustules of Attheya Zachariasii in electron microscope . Stud. Bot. Cech. , 11 : 262
- Takahashi , E. 1964 . Studies on Mallomonas, Synura and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope. V. On the similarity of the fine structure between scale of Mallomonas and frustule of diatom . Bull. Yamagata Univ. , 4 : 137
- Round , F. E. and Crawford , R. N. 1981 . The lines of evolution in the Bacillariophyta. I. Origin . Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , 211 : 237
- Pedersen , P. M. 1984 . Studies on primitive brown algae (Fucophyceae) . Opera Bot. , 74 : 1
- Gayral , P. 1972 . Sur les Chrysophycées à zoides phéophycéens, notamment Sarcinochrysis marina Geitler . Bull. Soc. Phycol. Fr. , 17 : 40
- Chen , C.‐M. , McLachlan , J. and Craigie , J. S. 1974 . The fine structure of the marine chrysophycean alga Phaeosaccion collinsii . Can. J. Bot. , 52 : 1621