Regulatory Mechanisms of Textural Changes in Ripening Fruits

REFERENCES

• Abbott , J. A. , Klein , J. D. , Campbell , T. A. , Conway , W. S. and Sams , C. E. 2000 . Sensory and firmness measurements of calcium- and heat-treated apples . J. Texture Stud. , 31 : 109 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander , L. and Grierson , D. 2002 . Ethylene biosynthesis and action in tomato: a model for climacteric fruit ripening. J Exp . Bot. , 53 : 2039 – 2055 .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , Z. M. , Chin , L. H. and Lazan , H. A. 2004 . A comparative study on wall degrading enzymes, pectin modifications and softening during ripening of selected tropical fruits . Plant Sci. , 167 : 317 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso , J. , Rodriguez , T. and Canet , W. 1995 . Effect of calcium pretreatments on the texture of frozen cherries-role of pectinesterase in the changes in the pectic materials . J. Agric. Food Chem , 43 : 1011 – 1016 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anterola , A. M. and Lewis , N. G. 2002 . Trends in lignin modification: a comprehensive analysis of the effects of genetic manipulations/mutations on lignification and vascular integrity . Phytochemistry , 61 : 221 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assis , J. S. , Maldonado , R. , Munoz , T. , Escribano , M. I. and Merodio , C. 2001 . Effect of high carbon dioxide concentration on PAL activity and phenolic contents in ripening cherimoya fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 23 : 33 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayub , R. , Guis , M. , Ben Amor , M. , Gillot , L. , Roustan , J. P. , Latché , A. , Bouzayen , M. and Pech , J. C. 1996 . Expression of ACC oxidase antisense gene inhibits ripening of cantaloupe melon fruits . Nat. Biotechnol. , 14 : 862 – 866 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin , E. A. 1990 . Exopolygalacturonase elicits ethylene production in tomato . HortScience , 25 : 779 – 780 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao , B. L. , Ke , L. Q. , Jiang , J. M. and Ying , T. J. 2007 . Fruit quality of transgenic tomatoes with suppressed expression of LeETR1 and LeETR2 genes . Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. , 16 : 122 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnavon , L. , Doco , T. , Terrier , N. , Ageorges , A. , Romieu , C. and Pellerin , P. 2001 . Involvement of pectin methylesterase during the ripening of grape berries: partial cDNA isolation, transcript expression and changes in the degree of methyl-esterification of cell wall pectins . Phytochemistry , 58 : 693 – 701 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartley , I. M. 1978 . Exo-polygalacturonase of apple . Phytochemistry , 17 : 213 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartley , I. M. and Knee , M. 1982 . The chemistry of textural changes in fruit during storage . Food Chem. , 9 : 47 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baucher , M. , Bernard-Vailhé , M. A. , Chabbert , B. , Besle , J. M. , Opsomer , C. , Van Montagu , M. and Botterman , J. 1999 . Down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and the impact on lignin composition and digestibility . Plant Mol. Biol. , 39 : 437 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baucher , M. , Halpin , C. , Petit-Conil , M. and Boerjan , W. 2003 . Lignin: genetic engineering and impact on pulping . Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. , 38 : 305 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begheldo , M. , Manganaris , G. , Bonghi , C. and Tonutti , P. 2008 . Different postharvest conditions modulate ripening and ethylene biosynthetic and signal transduction pathways in Stony Hard peaches . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 48 : 84 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belding , R. A. and Lokaj , G. R. W. 2002 . Aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatment of peach fruit reduces ethylene production and softening . HortScience , 37 : 1065 – 1068 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besson-Bard , A. , Pugin , A. and Wendehenne , D. 2008 . New insights into nitric oxide signaling in plants . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol , 59 : 21 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs , M. S. and Handa , A. K. 1989 . Temporal regulation of polygalacturonase gene expression in fruits of normal, mutant, and heterozygous tomato genotypes . Plant Physiol. , 89 : 117 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blee , K. A. , Choib , J. W. , O'Connella , A. P. , Schuchc , W. , Lewisb , N. G. and Bolwella , G. P. 2003 . A lignin-specific peroxidase in tobacco whose antisense suppression leads to vascular tissue modification . Phytochemistry , 64 : 163 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boerjan , W. , Ralph , J. and Baucher , M. 2003 . Lignin biosynthesis . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , 54 : 519 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolin , H. R. 1992 . Retardation of surface lignification on fresh peeled carrots . J. Food Process. Pres. , 16 : 99 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudet , A. M. , Kajita , S. , Grima-Pettenati , J. and Goffner , D. 2003 . Lignins and lignocellulosics: a better control of synthesis for new and improved uses . Trends Plant Sci. , 8 : 576 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , C. J. 1987 . Fruit ripening . Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , 38 : 155 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownleader , M. D. , Jackson , P. , Mobasheri , A. , Pantelides , A. T. , Sumar , S. , Trevan , M. and Dey , P. M. 1999 . Molecular aspects of cell wall modifications during fruit ripening . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 39 : 149 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummell , D. A. 2006 . Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit . Funct. Plant Biol. , 33 : 103 – 119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummell , D. A. , Dal Cin , V. , Crisosto , C. H. and Labavitch , J. M. 2004 . Cell wall metabolism during maturation, ripening and senescence of peach fruit . J. Exp. Bot. , 55 : 2029 – 2039 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummell , D. A. , Hall , B. D. and Bennett , A. B. 1999a . Antisense suppression of tomato endo-1,4-beta-glucanase Cel2 mRNA accumulation increases the force required to break fruit abscission zones but does not affect fruit softening . Plant Mol. Biol. , 40 : 615 – 622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummell , D. A. and Harpster , M. H. 2001 . Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants . Plant Mol. Biol. , 47 : 311 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummell , D. A. , Harpster , M. H. , Civello , P. M. , Palys , J. M. , Bennett , A. B. and Dunsmuir , P. 1999b . Modification of expansin protein abundance in tomato fruit alters softening and cell wall polymer metabolism during ripening . Plant Cell , 11 : 2203 – 2216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunsiri , A. , Ketsa , S. and Paull , R. E. 2003 . Phenolic metabolism and lignin synthesis in damaged pericarp of mangosteen fruit after impact . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 29 : 61 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , C. , Chen , K. S. , Xu , W. P. , Zhang , W. S. , Li , X. and Ferguson , I. B. 2006a . Effect of 1-MCP on postharvest quality of loquat fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 40 : 155 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , C. , Li , X. and Chen , K. S. 2006b . Acetylsalicylic acid alleviates chilling injury of postharvest loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 223 : 533 – 539 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , C. , Xu , C. J. , Li , X. , Ferguson , I. B. and Chen , K. S. 2006c . Accumulation of lignin in relation to change in activities of lignification enzymes in loquat fruit flesh after harvest . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 40 : 163 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai , C. , Xu , C. J. , Shan , L. L. , Li , X. , Zhou , C. H. , Zhang , W. S. , Ferguson , I. B. and Chen , K. S. 2006d . Low temperature conditioning reduces postharvest chilling injury in loquat fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 41 : 252 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callahan , A. M. , Scorza , R. , Bassett , C. , Nickerson , M. and Abeles , F. B. 2004 . Deletions in an endopolygalacturonase gene cluster correlate with non-melting flesh texture in peach . Funct. Plant Biol. , 31 : 159 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardarelli , M. , Botondi , R. , Vizovitis , K. and Mencarelli , F. 2002 . Effects of exogenous propylene on softening, glycosidase, and pectinmethylesterase activity during postharvest ripening of apricots . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 1441 – 1446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey , A. T. , Smith , D. L. , Harrison , E. , Bird , C. R. , Gross , K. C. , Seymour , G. B. and Tucker , G. A. 2001 . Down-regulation of a ripening-related bgalactosidase gene (TBG1) in transgenic tomato fruits . J. Exp. Bot. , 52 : 663 – 669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrington , C. M. S. , Greve , L. C. and Labavitch , J. M. 1993 . Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit. VI. Effect of the antisense polygalacturonase gene on cell wall changes accompanying ripening in transgenic tomatoes . Plant Physiol. , 103 : 429 – 434 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castell-Perez , E. , Moreno , M. , Rodriguez , O. and Moreira , R. G. 2004 . Electron beam irradiation treatment of cantaloupes: Effect on product quality . Food Sci. Technol. Int. , 10 : 383 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Causse , M. , Chaíb , J. , Lecomte , L. , Buret , M. and Hospital , F. 2007 . Both additivity and epistasis control the genetic variation for fruit quality traits in tomato . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 115 : 429 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaíb , J. , Devaux , M. F. , Grotte , M. G. , Robini , K. , Causse , M. , Lahaye , M. and Marty , I. 2007 . Physiological relationships among physical, sensory, and morphological attributes of texture in tomato fruits . J. Exp. Bot. , 58 : 1915 – 1925 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles , M. T. , Goulet , A. and Arul , J. 2008 . Physiological basis of UV-C induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit: IV. Biochemical modification of structural barriers . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 47 : 41 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , P. M. , Spotts , R. A. , Varga , D. M. and Cervantes , L. A. 1995 . Ripening behavior and combined fungicide and prestorage heat-effects on decay control of Bosc pears in air or step-wise low oxygen storage . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 6 : 235 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , G. P. , Yang , E. , Lu , W. J. , Jia , Y. X. , Jiang , Y. M. and Duan , X. W. 2009 . Effect of nitric oxide on ethylene synthesis and softening of banana fruit slice during ripening . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 5799 – 5804 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chourasia , A. , Sane , V. A. , Singh , R. K. and Nath , P. 2008 . Isolation and characterization of the MiCel1 gene from mango: ripening related expression and enhanced endoglucanase activity during softening . Plant Growth Regul. , 56 : 117 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove , D. J. 2000 . Expansive growth of plant cell walls . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 38 : 109 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , F. , Van de Weg , W. E. , Stella , S. , Dondini , L. , Pratesi , D. , Musacchi , S. and Sansavini , S. 2008 . Map position and functional allelic diversity of Md-Exp7, a new putative expansin gene associated with fruit softening in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis) . Tree Genet. Genomes , 4 : 575 – 586 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , M. A. , Collin , R. E. , Anterola , A. M. , Cochrane , F. C. , Davin , L. B. and Lewis , N. G. 2003 . An in silico assessment of gene function and organization of the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolic networks in Arabidopsis thaliana and limitations thereof . Phytochemistry , 64 : 1097 – 1112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal , C. V. , Rizzini , F. M. , Botton , A. and Tonutti , P. 2006 . The ethylene biosynthetic and signal transduction pathways are differently affected by 1-MCP in apple and peach fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 42 : 125 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiani , I. , Morreel , K. , Danoun , S. , Goeminne , G. , Yahiaoui , N. , Marque , C. , Kopka , J. , Messens , E. , Goffner , D. , Boerjan , W. , Boudet , A. M. and Rochange , S. 2005 . Metabolite profiling reveals a role for atypical cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase CAD1 in the synthesis of coniferyl alcohol in tobacco xylem . Plant Mol. Biol. , 59 : 753 – 769 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauwe , R. , Morreel , K. , Goeminne , G. , Gielen , B. , Rohde , A. , Van Beeumen , J. , Ralph , J. , Boudet , A. M. , Kopka , J. , Rochange , S. F. , Halpin , C. , Messens , E. and Boerjan , W. 2007 . Molecular phenotyping of lignin-modified tobacco reveals associated changes in cell-wall metabolism, primary metabolism, stress metabolism and photorespiration . Plant J. , 52 : 263 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellapenna , D. , Kates , D. S. and Bennett , A. B. 1987 . Polygalacturonase gene expression in Rutgers, rin nor, and Nr tomato fruits . Plant Physiol. , 85 : 502 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellapenna , D. , Lashbrook , C. C. , Toenjes , K. , Giovannoni , J. J. , Fischer , R. L. and Bennett , A. B. 1990 . Polygalacturonase isozymes and pectin depolymerization in transgenic rin tomato fruit . Plant Physiol. , 94 : 1882 – 1886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellapenna , D. , Lincoln , J. E. , Fischer , R. L. and Bennett , A. B. 1989 . Transcriptional analysis of polygalacturonase and other ripening associated genes in Rutgers, rin nor, and Nr tomato fruit . Plant Physiol. , 90 : 1372 – 1377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng , Y. , Wu , Y. and Li , Y. F. 2005 . Effects of high O2 levels on post-harvest quality and shelf life of table grapes during long-term storage . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 221 : 392 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , C. K. , Chaochin , K. , Ueda , Y. , Imahori , Y. and Wang , C. Y. 2002 . Modified atmosphere packaging maintains postharvest quality of loquat fruit . Postharvest Biol Technol. , 24 : 341 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson , L. A. 2001 . Lignification and lignin topochemistry-an ultrastructural view . Phytochemistry , 57 : 859 – 873 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumville , J. C. and Fry , S. C. 2003 . Solubilisation of tomato fruit pectins by ascorbate: a possible non-enzymatic mechanism of fruit softening . Planta , 217 : 951 – 961 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergun , M. , Jeong , J. , Huber , D. J. and Cantliffe , D. J. 2005 . Suppression of ripening and softening of ‘Galia’ melons by 1-methylcyclopropene applied at preripe or ripe stages of development . HortScience , 40 : 170 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etxeberria , E. , Miller , W. M. and Achor , D. 2006 . Anatomical and morphological characteristics of laser etching depressions for fruit labeling . Horttechnology , 16 : 527 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eudes , A. , Pollet , B. , Sibout , R. , Do , C. T. , Séguin , A. , Lapierre , C. and Jouanin , L. 2006 . Evidence for a role of AtCAD1 in lignification of elongating stems of Arabidopsis thaliana . Planta , 225 : 23 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , X. T. , Mattheis , J. P. and Fellman , J. K. 1996 . Inhibition of apple fruit 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity and respiration by acetylsalicylic acid . J. Plant Physiol. , 149 : 469 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson , I. B. and Watkins , C. B. 1989 . Bitter pit in apple fruit . Hort. Revs. , 11 : 289 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Figueroa , C. R. , Pimentel , P. , Gaete-Eastman , C. , Moya , M. , Herrera , R. , Caligari , P. D. S. and Moya-León , M. A. 2008 . Softening rate of the Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) fruit reflects the expression of polygalacturonase and pectate lyase genes . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 49 : 210 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , R. L. and Bennett , A. B. 1991 . Role of cell wall hydrolases in fruit ripening . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 42 : 675 – 703 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca , S. , Hackler , L. , Zvara , A. , Ferreira , S. , Baldé , A. , Dudits , D. , Pais , M. S. and Puskás , L. G. 2004 . Monitoring gene expression along pear fruit development, ripening and senescence using cDNA microarrays . Plant Sci. , 167 : 457 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , S. C. 1986 . Cross-linking of matrix polymers in the growing cell walls of angiosperms . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. , 37 : 165 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Fujii , H. , Shimada , T. , Sugiyama , A. , Nishikawa , F. , Endo , T. , Nakano , M. , Ikoma , Y. , Shimizu , T. and Omura , M. 2007 . Profiling ethylene-responsive genes in mature mandarin fruit using a citrus 22K oligoarray . Plant Sci. , 173 : 340 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavnholt , B. and Larsen , K. 2002 . Molecular biology of plant laccases in relation to lignin formation . Physiol. Plantarum , 116 : 273 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazarian , I. G. , Lagrimini , L. M. , Ashby , G. A. and Thorneley , R. N. 1996 . Mechanism of indole-3-acetic oxidation by plant peroxidases: anaerobic stopped-flow spectrophotometric studies on horseradish tobacco peroxidases . Biochem. J. , 313 : 841 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannoni , J. J. 2001 . Molecular biology of fruit maturation and ripening . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 52 : 725 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannoni , J. J. , DellaPenna , D. , Bennett , A. B. and Fischer , R. L. 1989 . Expression of a chimeric polygalacturonase gene in transgenic rin (ripening inhibitor) tomato fruit results in polyuronide degradation but not fruit softening . Plant Cell , 1 : 53 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabber , J. H. , Ralph , J. , Lapierre , C. and Barrière , Y. 2004 . I. Lignin-cell wall matrix interactions . C. R. Biol. , 327 : 455 – 465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray-Mitsumune , M. , Mellerowicz , E. J. , Abe , H. , Schrader , J. , Winzéll , A. , Sterky , F. , Blomqvist , K. , McQueen-Mason , S. , Teeri , T. T. and Sundberg , B. 2004 . Expansins abundant in secondary xylem belong to subgroup A of the α -expansin gene family . Plant Physiol. , 135 : 1552 – 1564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grierson , W. and Wardowski , W. F. 1978 . Relative humidity effects on the postharvest life of fruits and vegetables . HortScience , 13 : 570 – 574 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , K. C. and Wallner , S. J. 1979 . Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides during tomato fruit ripening . Plant Physiol. , 63 : 117 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , K. C. 1983 . Changes in free galactose, myo-inositol and other monosaccharides in normal and non-ripening mutant tomatoes . Phytochemistry , 22 : 1137 – 1139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , K. C. and Sams , C. E. 1984 . Changes in cell wall neutral sugar composition during fruit ripening: a species survey . Phytochemistry , 23 : 2457 – 2461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haard , N. F. and Hultin , H. O. 1969 . Abnormalities in ripening and mitochondrial succinoxidase resulting from storage of preclimacteric banana fruit at low relative humidity . Phytochemistry , 8 : 2149 – 2152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , L. N. , Tucker , G. A. , Smith , C. J. S. , Watson , C. F. , Seymour , G. B. , Bundick , Y. , Boniwell , J. M. , Fletcher , J. D. , Ray , J. A. , Schuch , W. , Bird , C. R. and Grierson , D. 1993 . Antisense inhibition of pectin esterase gene expression in transgenic tomatoes . Plant J. , 3 : 121 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpin , C. , Knight , M. E. , Foxon , G. A. , Campbell , M. M. , Boudet , A. M. , Boon , J. J. , Chabbert , B. , Tollier , M-T. and Schuch , W. 1994 . Manipulation of lignin quality by downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase . Plant J. , 6 : 339 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harker , F. R. , Stec , M. G.H. , Hallett , I. C. and Bennett , C. L. 1997 . Texture of parenchymatous plant tissue: a comparison between tensile and other instrumental and sensory measurements of tissue strength and juiciness . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 11 : 63 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harpster , M. H. , Dawson , D. M. , Nevins , D. J. , Dunsmuir , P. and Brummell , D. A. 2002 . Constitutive overexpression of a ripening-related pepper endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in transgenic tomato fruit does not increase xyloglucan depolymerization or fruit softening . Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 : 357 – 369 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harriman , R. W. , Tieman , D. M. and Handa , A. K. 1991 . Molecular cloning of tomato pectin methylesterase gene and its expression in Rutgers, ripening inhibitor, nonripening, and Never Ripe tomato fruits . Plant Physiol. , 97 : 80 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , E. P. , McQueen-Mason , S. J. and Manning , K. 2001 . Expression of six expansin genes in relation to extension activity in developing strawberry fruit . J. Exp. Bot. , 52 : 1437 – 1446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayama , H. , Ito , A. , Moriguchi , T. and Kashimura , Y. 2003 . Identification of a new expansin gene closely associated with peach fruit softening . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 29 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayama , H. , Shimada , T. , Fujii , H. , Ito , A. and Kashimura , Y. 2006a . Ethylene-regulation of fruit softening and softening-related genes in peach . J. Exp. Bot. , 57 : 4071 – 4077 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayama , H. , Tatsuki , M. and Nakamura , Y. 2008a . Combined treatment of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) reduces melting-flesh peach fruit softening . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 50 : 228 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayama , H. , Tatsuki , M. , Ito , A. and Kashimura , Y. 2006b . Ethylene and fruit softening in the stony hard mutation in peach . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 41 : 16 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayama , H. , Tatsuki , M. , Yoshioka , H. and Nakamura , Y. 2008b . Regulation of stony hard peach softening with ACC treatment . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 50 : 231 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegde , S. and Maness , N. O. 1996 . Sugar composition of pectin and hemicellulose extracts of peach fruit during softening over two harvest seasons . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 121 : 1162 – 1167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennion , S. , Little , C. H. A. and Hartmann , C. 1992 . Activities of enzymes involved in lignification during the postharvest storage of etiolated asparagus spears . Physiol. Plantarum , 86 : 474 – 478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirai , G. , Komiyama , S. , Yamaguchi , A. , Yamamoto , A. and Masuda , K. 2007 . Sensory and objective evaluation of postharvest fruit softening and its relationship with pectin solubility in eight commercial cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus naud.) . J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 76 : 237 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Hiwasa , K. , Kinugasa , Y. , Amano , S. , Hashimoto , A. , Nakano , R. , Inaba , A. and Kubo , Y. 2003 . Ethylene is required for both the initiation and progression of softening in pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit . J. Exp. Bot. , 54 : 771 – 779 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiwasa , K. , Nakano , R. , Hashimoto , A. , Matsuzaki , M. , Murayama , H. , Inaba , A. and Kubo , Y. 2004 . European, Chinese and Japanese pear fruits exhibit differential softening characteristics during ripening . J. Exp. Bot. , 55 : 2281 – 2290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiwasa , K. , Rose , J. K. , Nakano , R. , Inaba , A. and Kubo , Y. 2003 . Differential expression of seven α -expansion genes during growth and ripening of pear fruit . Physiol. Plantarum , 117 : 564 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , W. J. , Harding , S. A. , Lung , J. , Popko , J. L. , Ralph , J. , Stokke , D. D. , Tsai , C. J. and Chiang , V. L. 1999 . Repression of lignin biosynthesis promotes cellulose accumulation and growth in transgenic trees . Nat. Biotechnol. , 17 : 808 – 812 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber , D. J. 1984 . Strawberry fruit softening: the potential roles of polyuronides and hemicelluloses . J. Food Sci. , 49 : 1310 – 1315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber , D. J. and O'Donoghue , E. M. 1993 . Polyuronides in avocado (Persea americana) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits exhibit markedly different patterns of molecular weight downshifts during ripening . Plant Physiol. , 102 : 473 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Im , K. H. , Cosgrove , D. J. and Jones , A. M. 2000 . Subcellular localization of expansin mRNA in xylem cells . Plant Physiol. , 123 : 463 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imberty , A. , Goldberg , R. and Catesson , A. M. 1985 . Isolation and characterization of populus isoperoxidases involved in the last step of lignin formation . Planta , 164 : 221 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imsabai , W. , Ketsa , S. and Doorn , W. G. 2002 . Effect of temperature on softening and the activities of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase in durian fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 26 : 347 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ipelcl , Z. , Ogras , T. and Altinkut , A. 1999 . Reduced leaf peroxidase activity is associated with reduced lignin content in transgenic poplar . Plant Biotech. , 16 : 381 – 387 .
   Google Scholar
• Ishimaru , M. and Kobayashi , S. 2002 . Expression of a xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase gene is closely related to grape berry softening . Plant Sci , 162 : 621 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayanty , S. S. , Cañoles , M. and Beaudry , R. M. 2004 . Concentration dependence of ‘Redchief Delicious’ apple fruit softening and chlorophyll fluorescence to repeated doses of 1-methylcyclopropene . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 129 : 760 – 765 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong , J. and Huber , D. J. 2004 . Suppression of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit softening and changes in cell wall matrix polysaccharides and enzyme activities: Differential responses to 1-MCP and delayed ethylene application . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 129 : 752 – 759 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , Y. M. and Joyce , D. C. 2003 . Softening response of 1-methylcyclopropene-treated banana fruit to high oxygen atmospheres . Plant Growth Regul. , 41 : 225 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Bermúdez , S. , Redondo-Nevado , J. , Muñoz-Blanco , J. , Caballero , J. L. , López-Aranda , J. M. , Valpuesta , V. , Pliego-Alfaro , F. , Quesada , M. A. and Mercado , J. A. 2002 . Manipulation of strawberry fruit softening by antisense expression of a pectate lyase gene . Plant Physiol. , 128 : 751 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin , C. H. , Kan , J. , Wang , Z. J. , Lu , Z. X. and Yu , Z. F. 2006 . Activities of beta-galactosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, ethylene biosynthetic enzymes during peach ripening and softening . J. Food Process. Pres. , 30 : 515 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin , W. W. , Xu , C. J. , Li , X. , Zhang , B. , Wang , P. , Allan , A. C. and Chen , K. S. 2009 . Expression of ROP/RAC GTPase genes in postharvest loquat fruit in association with senescence and cold regulated lignification . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 54 : 9 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , J. W. , Gunaseelan , K. , Pidakala , P. , Wang , M. and Schaffer , R. J. 2009 . Co-ordination of early and late ripening events in apples is regulated through differential sensitivities to ethylene . J. Exp. Bot. , 60 : 2689 – 2699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , J. W. , Hewett , E. W. , Hertog , M. L.A. T. M. and Harker , F. R. 2001 . Temperature induces differential softening responses in apple cultivars . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 23 : 185 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , J. W. , Hewett , E. W. , Hertog , M. L. A. T. M. and Harker , F. R. 2002 . Temperature and ethylene affect induction of rapid softening in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Pacific Rose™ apple cultivars . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 25 : 257 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , L. and McQueen-Mason , S. 2004 . A role for expansins in dehydration and rehydration of the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum . FEBS Lett. , 559 : 61 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajita , S. , Hishiyama , S. , Tomimura , Y. , Katayama , Y. and Omori , S. 1997 . Structural characterization of modified lignin in transgenic tobacco plants in which the activity of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase is depressed . Plant Physiol. , 114 : 871 – 879 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajita , S. , Katayama , Y. and Omori , S. 1996 . Alterations in the biosynthesis of lignin in transgenic plants with chimeric genes for 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase . Plant Cell Physiol. , 37 : 957 – 965 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalamaki , M. S. , Harpster , M. H. , Palys , J. M. , Labavitch , J. M. , Reid , D. S. and Brummell , D. A. 2003 . Simultaneous transgenic suppression of LePG and LeExp1 influences rheological properties of juice and concentrates from a processing tomato variety . J. Agric. Food Chem , 51 : 7456 – 7464 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ketsa , S. , Chidtragool , S. , Klein , J. D. and Lurie , S. 1998 . Effect of heat treatment on changes in softening, pectic substances and activities of polygalacturonase, pectinesterase and beta-galactosidase of ripening mango. J . Plant Physiol. , 153 : 457 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kevany , B. M. , Taylor , M. G. and Klee , H. J. 2008 . Fruit-specific suppression of the ethylene receptor LeETR4 results in early-ripening tomato fruit . Plant Biothech. J. , 6 : 295 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kevany , B. M. , Tieman , D. M. , Taylor , M. G. , Dal Cin , V. and Klee , H. J. 2007 . Ethylene receptor degradation controls the timing of ripening in tomato fruit . Plant J. , 51 : 458 – 467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , A. S. and Singh , Z. 2007 . 1-MCP regulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening during ripening of ‘Tegan Blue’ plum . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 43 : 298 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , A. S. , Singh , Z. and Abbasi , N. A. 2007 . Pre-storage putrescine application suppresses ethylene biosynthesis and retards fruit softening during low temperature storage in ‘Angelino’ plum . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 46 : 36 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , G. J. , Lynn , J. R. , Dover , C. J. , Evans , K. M. and Seymour , G. B. 2001 . Resolution of quantitative trait loci for mechanical measures accounting for genetic variation in fruit texture of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 102 : 1227 – 1235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , G. J. , Maliepaard , C. , Lynn , J. R. , Alston , F. H. , Durel , C. E. , Evans , K. M. , Griffon , B. , Laurens , F. , Manganaris , A. G. , Schrevens , E. , Tartarini , S. and Verhaegh , J. 2000 . Quantitative genetic analysis and comparison of physical and sensory descriptors relating to fruit flesh firmness in apple (Malus pumila Mill) . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 100 : 1074 – 1084 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp , J. , Moureau , P. , Schuch , W. and Grierson , D. 1989 . Organization and expression of polygalacturonase and other ripening related genes in Ailsa Craig ‘Neverripe’ and ‘Ripening inhibitor’ tomato mutants . Plant Mol. Biol. , 12 : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , J. L. and Nevins , D. J. 1989 . Tomato fruit cell wall. 1. Use of purified tomato polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase to identify developmental changes in pectins . Plant Physiol. , 91 : 816 – 822 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korth , K. L. , Blount , J. W. , Chen , F. , Rasmussen , S. , Lamb , C. and Dixon , R. A. 2001 . Changes in phenylpropanoid metabolites associated with homology-dependent silencing of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and its somatic reversion in tobacco . Physiol Plantarum , 111 : 137 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , M. , Sanders , R. , Bolkan , H. , Waters , C. , Sheehy , R. E. and Hiatt , W. R. 1992 . Postharvest evaluation of transgenic tomatoes with reduced levels of polygalacturonase: processing, firmness and disease resistance . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 1 : 241 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Lagrimini , L. M. 1991 . Wound-induced deposition of polyphenols in transgenic plant over-expressing peroxidase . Plant Physiol. , 96 : 577 – 583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb , C. J. , Lawton , M. A. , Dron , M. and Dixon , R. A. 1989 . Signals and transduction mechanism for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack . Cell , 56 : 215 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang , C. and Dörnenburg , H. 2000 . Perspectives in the biological function and the technological application of polygalacturonases . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 53 : 366 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley , K. R. , Martin , A. , Stenning , R. , Murray , A. J. , Hobson , G. E. , Schuch , W. W. and Bird , C. R. 1994 . Mechanical and optical assessment of the ripening of tomato fruit with reduced polygalacturonase activity . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 66 : 547 – 554 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lara , M. V. , Borsani , J. , Budde , C. O. , Lauxmann , M. A. , Lombardo , V. A. , Murray , R. , Andreo , C. S. and Drincovich , M. F. 2009 . Biochemical and proteomic analysis of ‘Dixiland’ peach fruit (Prunus persica) upon heat treatment . J. Exp. Bot. , 60 : 4315 – 4333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazan , H. , Ng , S. Y. , Goh , L. Y. and Ali , Z. M. 2004 . Papaya beta-galactosidase/galactanase isoforms in differential cell wall hydrolysis and fruit softening during ripening . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 42 : 847 – 853 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazan , H. , Selamat , M. K. and Ali , Z. M. 1995 . Beta-galactosidase, polygalacturonase and pectinesterase in differential softening and cell-wall modification during papaya fruit ripening . Physiol. Plantarum , 95 : 106 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecomte , L. , Duffé , P. , Buret , M. , Servin , B. , Hospital , F. and Causse , M. 2004 . Marker-assisted introgression of five QTLs controlling fruit quality traits into three tomato lines revealed interactions between QTLs and genetic backgrounds . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 109 : 658 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , D. , Meyer , K. , Chapple , C. and Douglas , C. J. 1997 . Antisense suppression of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase activity in Arabidopsis leads to altered lignin subunit composition . Plant Cell , 9 : 1985 – 1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , J. M. , Latchè , A. , Jones , B. , Bouzayen , M. and Pech , J. C. 1997 . Ethylene and fruit ripening . Physiol. Plantarum , 101 : 727 – 739 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , C. A. and Romani , R. J. 1988 . Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by salicylic acid . Plant Physiol , 88 : 833 – 837 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , C. R. , Shen , W. B. , Lu , W. J. , Jiang , Y. M. , Xie , J. H. and Chen , J. Y. 2009 . 1-MCP delayed softening and affected expression of XET and EXP genes in harvested cherimoya fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 52 : 254 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , N. , Parsons , B. L. , Liu , D. R. and Mattoo , A. K. 1992 . Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase transcript in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines . Plant Mol. Biol , 18 : 477 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. , Zhu , B. , Xu , W. , Zhu , H. , Chen , A. , Xie , Y. , Shao , Y. and Luo , Y. 2007 . LeERF1 positively modulated ethylene triple response on etiolated seedling, plant development and fruit ripening and softening in tomato . Plant Cell Rep. , 26 : 1999 – 2008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo , Z. S. , Xu , X. L. and Yan , B. F. 2008 . Accumulation of lignin and involvement of enzymes in bamboo shoot during storage . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 226 : 635 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madrid , R. , Valverde , M. , Alcolea , V. and Romojaro , F. 2004 . Influence of calcium nutrition on water soaking disorder during ripening of Cantaloupe melon . Sci Hortic , 101 : 69 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee , R. L. , Caporaso , F. and Prakash , A. 2003 . Effects of exogenous calcium salt treatments on inhibiting irradiation-induced softening in diced Roma tomatoes . J. Food Sci. , 68 : 2430 – 2435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado , R. , Molina-Garcia , A. D. , Sanchez-Ballesta , M. T. , Escribano , M. I. and Merodio , C. 2002 . High CO2 atmosphere modulating the phenolic response associated with cell adhesion and hardening of Annona cherimola fruit stored at chilling temperature . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 7564 – 7569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manenoi , A. and Paull , R. E. 2007 . Papaya fruit softening, endoxylanase gene expression, protein and activity . Physiol. Plantarum , 131 : 470 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri , I. E. , Mercado , J. A. , Santiago-Doménech , N. , Pliego-Alfaro , F. , Valpuesta , V. and Quesada , M. A. 1999 . Biochemical and phenotypical characterization of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a basic peroxidase . Physiol. Plantarum , 106 : 355 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marín-Rodríguez , M. C. , Orchard , J. and Seymour , G. B. 2002 . Pectate lyases, cell wall degradation and fruit softening . J. Exp. Bot. , 53 : 2115 – 2119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlett , J. A. 2000 . Changes in content and composition of dietary fiber in yellow onions and red delicious apples during commercial storage . J. AOAC Int. , 83 : 992 – 996 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbéguié-A-Mbéguié , D. , Gouble , B. , Gomez , R. M. , Audergon , J. M. , Albagnacc , G. and Fils-Lycaon , B. 2002 . Two expansin cDNAs from Prunus armeniaca expressed during fruit ripening are differently regulated by ethylene . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 40 : 445 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQueen-Mason , S. J. and Cosgrove , D. J. 1995 . Expansin mode of action on cell walls. Analysis of wall hydrolysis, stress relaxation, and binding . Plant Physiol. , 107 : 87 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meli , V. S. , Ghosh , S. , Prabha , T. N. , Chakraborty , N. , Chakraborty , S. and Datta , A. 2010 . Enhancement of fruit shelf life by suppressing N-glycan processing enzymes . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. , 107 : 2413 – 2418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menniti , A. M. , Gregori , R. and Donati , I. 2004 . 1-Methylcyclopropene retards postharvest softening of plums . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 31 : 269 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignani , I. and Bassi , D. 2005 . The effect of calcium treatments on aspects of cell wall metabolism in apple cv. ‘Braeburn’. Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium . Acta Hort. , 1-3 : 191 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , W. R. , Mcdonald , R. E. , Mccollum , T. G. and Smittle , B. J. 1994 . Quality of ‘Climax’ Blueberries after low-dosage electron beam irradiation . J. Food Qual. , 17 : 71 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moctezuma , E. , Smith , D. L. and Gross , K. C. 2003 . Antisense suppression of a β -galactosidase gene (TBG6) in tomato increases fruit cracking . J. Exp. Bot. , 54 : 2025 – 2033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno , E. , Obando , J. M. , Dos-Santos , N. , Fernández-Trujillo , J. P. , Monforte , A. J. and Garcia-Mas , J. 2007 . Candidate genes and QTLs for fruit ripening and softening in melon . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 116 : 589 – 602 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno , M. , Castell-Perez , M. E. , Gomes , C. , Da Silva , P. F. and Moreira , R. G. 2006 . Effects of electron beam irradiation on physical, textural, and microstructural properties of “Tommy Atkins” mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) . J. Food Sci. , 71 : E80 – E86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgutti , S. , Negrini , N. , Nocito , F. F. , Ghiani , A. , Bassi , D. and Cocucci , M. 2006 . Changes in endopolygalacturonase levels and characterization of a putative endo-PG gene during fruit softening in peach genotypes with nonmelting and melting flesh fruit phenotypes . New Phytol. , 171 : 315 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moy , J. H. 1993 . Efficacy of irradiation vs thermal methods as quarantine treatments for tropical fruits . Radiat. Phys. Chem. , 42 : 269 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama , H. , Arikawa , M. , Sasaki , Y. , Cin , V. D. , Mitsuhashi , W. and Toyomasu , T. 2009 . Effect of ethylene treatment on expression of polyuronide-modifying genes and solubilization of polyuronides during ripening in two peach cultivars having different softening characteristics . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 52 : 196 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama , H. , Katsumata , T. , Horiuchi , O. and Fukushima , T. 2002 . Relationship between fruit softening and cell wall polysaccharides in pears after different storage periods . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 26 : 15 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadulski , R. and Grochowicz , J. 2001 . The influence of the measurement conditions on the TPA test of selected fruit . Acta Hort , 562 : 213 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakano , R. , Harima , S. , Kubo , Y. and Inaba , A. 2001 . Delay of fruit softening in forcing-cultured ‘Tonewase’ Japanese persimmon by packaging in perforated polyethylene bags . J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 70 : 385 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakano , R. , Inoue , S. , Kubo , Y. and Inaba , A. 2002 . Water stress-induced ethylene in the calyx triggers autocatalytic ethylene production and fruit softening in ‘Tonewase’ persimmon grown in a heated plastic-house . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 25 : 293 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilo , R. , Saffie , C. , Lilley , K. , Baeza-Yates , R. , Cambiazo , V. , Campos-Vargas , R. , Gonzalez , C. M. , Meisel , L. A. , Retamales , J. , Silva , H. and Orellana , A. 2010 . Proteomic analysis of peach fruit mesocarp softening and chilling injury using difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) . BMC Genomics , 11 : 43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama , K. , Guis , M. , Rose , J. K. , Kubo , Y. , Bennett , K. A. , Wangjin , L. , Kato , K. , Ushijima , K. , Nakano , R. , Inaba , A. , Bouzayen , M. , Latche , A. , Pech , J. C. and Bennett , A. B. 2007 . Ethylene regulation of fruit softening and cell wall disassembly in Charentais melon . J. Exp. Bot. , 58 : 1281 – 1290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeller , P. W. , Lu , M. W. , Taylor , L. P. , Pike , D. A. and Theologis , A. 1991 . Reversible inhibition of tomato fruit senescence by antisense RNA . Science , 254 : 437 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogundiwin , E. A. , Peace , C. P. , Gradziel , T. M. , Parfitt , D. E. , Bliss , F. A. and Crisosto , C. H. 2009 . A fruit quality gene map of Prunus . BMC Genomics , 10 : 587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okolie , P. N. and Obasi , B. N. 1992 . Implication of cell-wall degrading enzymes in the heat-induced softening of the African pear (Dacryodes edulis (G Don) H J Lam) . J. Sci. Food Agric , 59 : 59 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oraguzie , N. C. , Volz , R. K. , Whitworth , C. J. , Bassett , H. C. M. , Hall , A. J. and Gardiner , S. E. 2007 . Influence of Md-ACS1 allelotype germplasm collection on fruit and harvest season within an apple softening during cold air storage . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 44 : 212 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oraguzie , N. C. , Iwanami , H. , Soejima , J. , Harada , T. and Hall , A. 2004 . Inheritance of the Md-ACS1 gene and its relationship to fruit softening in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) . Theor. Appl. Genet. , 108 : 1526 – 1533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orfila , C. , Huisman , M. M. , Willats , W. G. , van Alebeek , G. J. , Schols , H. A. , Seymour , G. B. and Knox , J. P. 2002 . Altered cell wall disassembly during ripening of Cnr tomato fruit: implications for cell adhesion and fruit softening . Planta , 215 : 440 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palomer , X. , Llop-Tous , I. , Vendrell , M. , Krens , F. A. , Schaart , J. G. , Boone , M. J. , van der Valk , H. and Salentijn , E. M. J. 2006 . Antisense down-regulation of strawberry endo-β -(1,4)-glucanase genes does not prevent fruit softening during ripening . Plant Sci. , 171 : 640 – 646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palomer , X. , Llop-Tous , I. , Vendrell , M. , Krens , F. A. , Schaart , J. G. , Boone , M. J. , van der Valk , H. and Salentijn , E. M. J. 2006 . Antisense down-regulation of strawberry endo-β -(1,4)-glucanase genes does not prevent fruit softening during ripening . Plant Sci. , 171 : 640 – 646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paull , R. E. 1999 . Effect of temperature and relative humidity on fresh commodity quality . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 15 : 263 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesquet , E. , Ranocha , P. , Legay , S. , Digonnet , C. , Barbier , O. , Pichon , M. and Goffner , D. 2005 . Novel markers of xylogenesis in zinnia are differentially regulated by auxin and cytokinin . Plant Physiol. , 139 : 1821 – 1839 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , T. D. , Bo , W. , West , G. , Lycett , G. W. and Tucker , G. A. 2007 . Silencing of the major salt-dependent isoform of pectinesterase in tomato alters fruit softening . Plant Physiol. , 144 : 1960 – 1967 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro , S. C. F. and Almeida , D. P. F. 2008 . Modulation of tomato pericarp firmness through pH and calcium: Implications for the texture of fresh-cut fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 47 : 119 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pombo , M. A. , Dotto , M. C. , Martínez , G. A. and Civello , P. M. 2009 . UV-C irradiation delays strawberry fruit softening and modifies the expression of genes involved in cell wall degradation . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 51 : 141 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponce-Valadez , M. , Fellman , S. M. , Giovannoni , J. , Gan , S. S. and Watkins , C. B. 2009 . Differential fruit gene expression in two strawberry cultivars in response to elevated CO2 during storage revealed by a heterologous fruit microarray approach . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 51 : 131 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , A. L. , Kalamaki , M. S. , Kurien , P. A. , Gurrieri , S. and Bennett , A. B. 2003 . Simultaneous transgenic suppression of LePG and LeExp1 influences fruit texture and juice viscosity in a fresh market tomato variety . J. Agric. Food Chem , 51 : 7450 – 7455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasanna , V. , Prabha , T. N. and Tharanathan , R. N. 2007 . Fruit ripening phenomena-an overview . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 47 : 1 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressey , R. and Avants , J. K. 1978 . Difference in polygalacturonase composition of Clingstone and Freestone peaches . J. Food Sci. , 43 : 1415 – 1417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressey , R. and Avants , J. K. 1982 . Solubilization of cell walls by tomato polygalacturonases: effects of pectinesterases . J. Food Biochem. , 6 : 57 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quesada , M. A. , Blanco-Portales , R. , Posé , S. , García-Gago , J. A. , Jiménez-Bermúdez , S. , Muñoz-Serrano , A. , Caballero , J. L. , Pliego-Alfaro , F. , Mercado , J. A. and Muñoz-Blanco , J. 2009 . Antisense down-regulation of the FaPG1 gene reveals an unexpected central role for polygalacturonase in strawberry fruit softening . Plant Physiol. , 150 : 1022 – 1032 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramamurthy , M. S. , Ussuf , K. K. , Nair , P. M. and Thomas , P. 2000 . Lignin biosynthesis during wound healing of potato tubers in response to gamma irradiation . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 18 : 267 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray , J. , Knapp , J. , Grierson , D. , Bird , C. and Schuch , W. 1988 . Identification and sequence determination of a cDNA clone for tomato pectinesterase . Eur. J. Biochem. , 174 : 119 – 124 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riechmann , J. L. , Heard , J. , Martin , G. , Reuber , L. , Jiang , C. Z. , Keddie , J. , Adam , L. , Pineda , O. , Ratcliffe , O. J. , Samaha , R. R. , Creelman , R. , Pilgrim , M. , Broun , P. , Zhang , J. Z. , Ghandehari , D. , Sherman , B. K. and Yu , G. L. 2000 . Arabidopsis transcription factor: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes . Science , 290 : 2105 – 2110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodoni , L. , Casadei , N. , Concellón , A. , Chaves , Alicia A.R. and Vicente , A. R. 2010 . Effect of short-term ozone treatments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit quality and cell wall degradation . J Agric. Food Chem. , 58 : 594 – 599 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , J. K. , Lee , H. H. and Bennett , A. B. 1997 . Expression of a divergent expansin gene is fruit-specific and ripening-regulated . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 94 : 5955 – 5960 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosli , H. G. , Civello , P. M. and Martínez , G. A. 2004 . Changes in cell wall composition of three Fragaria x ananassa cultivars with different softening rate during ripening . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 42 : 823 – 831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai , N. and Nevins , D. J. 1997 . Relationship between fruit softening and wall polysaccharides in avocado (Persea americana Mill) mesocarp tissues . Plant Cell Physiol. , 38 : 603 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saladié , M. , Matas , A. J. , Isaacson , T. , Jenks , M. A. , Goodwin , S. M. , Niklas , K. J. , Xiaolin , R. , Labavitch , J. M. , Shackel , K. A. , Fernie , A. R. , Lytovchenko , A. , O'Neill , M. A. , Watkins , C. B. and Rose , J. K. 2007 . A reevaluation of the key factors that influence tomato fruit softening and integrity . Plant Physiol. , 144 : 1012 – 1028 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampetro , J. and Cosgrove , D. J. 2005 . The expansin superfamily . Genome Biol. , 6 : 242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sane , V. A. , Chourasia , A. and Nath , P. 2005 . Softening in mango (Mangifera indica cv. Dashehari) is correlated with the expression of an early ethylene responsive, ripening related expansin gene, MiExpA1 . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 38 : 223 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago-Doménech , N. , Jiménez-Bemúdez , S. , Matas , A. J. , Rose , J. K. , Muñoz-Blanco , J. , Mercado , J. A. and Quesada , M. A. 2008 . Antisense inhibition of a pectate lyase gene supports a role for pectin depolymerization in strawberry fruit softening . J. Exp. Bot. , 59 : 2769 – 2779 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sañudo-Barajas , J. A. , Labavitch , J. , Greve , C. , Osuna-Encisoa , T. , Muy-Rangel , D. and Siller-Cepeda , J. 2009 . Cell wall disassembly during papaya softening: Role of ethylene in changes in composition, pectin-derived oligomers (PDOs) production and wall hydrolases . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 51 : 158 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffer , R. J. , Friel , E. N. , Souleyre , E. J. F. , Bolitho , K. , Thodey , K. , Ledger , S. , Bowen , J. H. , Ma , J. H. , Nain , B. , Cohen , D. , Gleave , A. P. , Crowhurst , R. N. , Janssen , B. J. , Yao , J. L. and Newcomb , R. D. 2007 . A genomics approach reveals that aroma production in apple is controlled by ethylene predominantly at the final step in each biosynthetic pathway . Plant Physiol. , 144 : 1899 – 1912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnabelrauch , L. S. , Kieliszewski , M. , Upham , B. L. , Alizedeh , H. and Lamport , D. T. 1996 . Isolation of pI 4.6 extensin peroxidase from tomato cell suspension cultures and identification of Val-Tyr-Lys as putative intermolecular cross-link site . Plant J. , 9 : 477 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewalt , V. , Ni , W. , Blount , J. W. , Jung , H. G. , Masoud , S. A. , Howles , P. A. , Lamb , C. and Dixon , R. A. 1997 . Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco down-regulated in expression of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or cinnamate 4-hydroxylase . Plant Physiol. , 115 : 41 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , G. B. , Harding , S. E. , Taylor , A. J. , Hobson , G. E. and Tucker , G. A. 1987a . Polyuronide solubilization during ripening of normal and mutant tomato fruit . Phytochemistry , 26 : 1871 – 1875 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , G. B. , Lasslett , Y. and Tucker , G. A. 1987b . Differential effects of pectolytic enzymes on tomato polyuronides in vivo and in vitro . Phytochemistry , 26 : 3137 – 3139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan , L. L. , Li , X. , Wang , P. , Cai , C. , Zhang , B. , Sun , C. D. , Zhang , W. S. , Xu , C. J. , Ferguson , I. B. and Chen , K. S. 2008 . Characterization of cDNAs associated with lignification and their expression profiles in loquat fruit with different lignin accumulation . Planta , 227 : 1243 – 1254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey , P. J. and Peggie , I. D. 1984 . Effects of high-humidity storage on quality, decay and storage life of cherry, lemon and peach fruits . Sci. Hortic , 23 : 181 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehy , R. E. , Kramer , M. and Hiatt , W. R. 1988 . Reduction of polygalacturonase activity in tomato fruit by antisense RNA . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 85 : 8805 – 8809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibout , R. , Eudes , A. , Pollet , B. , Goujon , T. , Mila , I. , Granier , F. , Séguin , A. , Lapierre , C. and Jouanin , L. 2003 . Expression pattern of two paralogs encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis. Isolation and characterization of the corresponding mutants . Plant Physiol. , 132 : 848 – 860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , S. P. , Singh , Z. and Swinny , E. E. 2009 . Postharvest nitric oxide fumigation delays fruit ripening and alleviates chilling injury during cold storage of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindell) . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 53 : 101 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. J. S. , Watson , C. F. , Ray , J. , Bird , C. R. , Morris , P. C. , Schuch , W. and Grierson , D. 1988 . Antisense RNA inhibition of polygalacturonase gene expression in transgenic tomatoes . Nature , 334 : 724 – 726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. L. , Abbott , J. A. and Gross , K. C. 2002 . Down-regulation of tomato β -galactosidase 4 results in decreased fruit softening . Plant Physiol. , 129 : 1755 – 1762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. L. and Gross , K. C. 2000 . A family of at least seven β -galactosidase genes is expressed during tomato fruit development . Plant Physiol. , 123 : 1173 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soglio , V. , Costa , F. , Molthoff , J. W. , Weemen-Hendriks , W. M. J. , Schouten , H. J. and Gianfranceschi , L. 2009 . Transcription analysis of apple fruit development using cDNA microarrays . Tree Genet. Genomes , 5 : 685 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltani , B. M. , Ehlting , J. , Hamberger , B. and Douglas , C. J. 2006 . Multiple cis-regulatory elements regulate distinct and complex patterns of developmental and wound-induced expression of Arabidopsis thaliana 4CL gene family members . Planta , 224 : 1226 – 1238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sozzi , G. O. , Camperi , S. A. , Cascone , O. and Fraschina , A. A. 1998 . Galactosidases in tomato fruit ontogeny: decreased galactosidase activities in antisense ACC synthase fruit during ripening and reversal with exogenous ethylene . Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , 25 : 237 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Sozzi , G. O. , Fraschina , A. A. and Castro , M. A. 2001 . Ripening-associated microstructural changes in antisense ACC synthase tomato fruit . Food Sci. Technol. Inter. , 7 : 59 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava , M. K. and Dwivedi , U. N. 2000 . Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid . Plant Sci. , 158 : 87 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stow , J. R. , Dover , C. J. and Genge , P. M. 2000 . Control of ethylene biosynthesis and softening in ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ apples during low-ethylene, low-oxygen storage . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 18 : 215 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao , S. T. , Khanizadeh , S. , Zhang , H. and Zhang , S. L. 2009 . Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution of stone cells in two Pyrus species . Plant Sci. , 176 : 413 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateishi , A. 2008 . Beta-galactosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase in cell wall modification related with fruit development and softening . J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 77 ( 4 ) : 329 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateishi , A. , Inoue , H. and Yamaki , S. 2002 . Cloning and expression of beta-galactosidase cDNA related to softening of avocado (Persea americana) fruit . J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 71 : 48 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Tatsuki , M. , Haji , T. and Yamaguchi , M. 2006 . The involvement of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase isogene, Pp-ACS1, in peach fruit softening . J. Exp. Bot. , 57 : 1281 – 1289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tieman , D. M. and Handa , A. K. 1994 . Reduction in pectin methylesterase activity modifies tissue integrity and cation levels in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits . Plant Physiol. , 106 : 429 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tieman , D. M. , Harriman , R. W. , Ramamohan , G. and Handa , A. K. 1992 . An antisense pectin methylesterase gene alters pectin chemistry and soluble solids in tomato fruit . Plant Cell , 4 : 667 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toivonen , P. M. A. and Brummell , D. A. 2008 . Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh-cut fruit and vegetables . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 48 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trainotti , L. , Bonghi , C. , Ziliotto , F. , Zanin , D. , Rasori , A. , Casadoro , G. , Ramina , A. and Tonutti , P. 2006 . The use of microarray uPEACH1.0 to investigate changes during transition from pre-climacteric to climacteric phase in peach fruit . Plant Sci. , 170 : 606 – 613 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trainotti , L. , Ferrarese , L. , Vecchia , F. D. , Rascio , N. and Casadoro , G. 1999 . Two different endo-β -1,4-glucanases contribute to the softening of the strawberry fruits . J. Plant Physiol. , 154 : 355 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi , P. K. and Nath , P. 2004 . MaExp1, an ethylene-induced expansin from ripening banana fruit . Plant Sci. , 167 : 1351 – 1358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsantili , E. , Rouskas , D. , Christopoulos , M. V. , Stanidis , V. , Akrivos , J. and Papanikolaou , D. 2007 . Effects of two pre-harvest calcium treatments on physiological and quality parameters in ‘Vogue’ cherries during storage . J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. , 82 : 657 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchida , Y. , Sakurai , N. , Morinaga , K. , Koshita , Y. and Asakura , T. 2004 . Effects of water loss of ‘Fuyu’ persimmon fruit on molecular weights of mesocarp cell wall polysaccharides and fruit softening . J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 73 : 460 – 468 .
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , G. A. and Grierson , D. 1987 . “ Fruit ripening ” . In The Biochemistry of Plants. , Edited by: Davies , D. Vol. 12 , 265 – 319 . New York : Academic Press Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Valentines , M. C. , Vilaplana , R. , Torres , R. , Usall , J. and Larrigaudiere , C. 2005 . Specific roles of enzymatic browning and lignification in apple disease resistance . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 36 : 227 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente , A. R. , Costa , M. L. , Martínez , G. A. , Chaves , A. R. and Civello , P. M. 2005 . Effect of heat treatments on cell wall degradation and softening in strawberry fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 38 : 213 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente , A. R. , Ortugno , C. , Powell , A. L. , Greve , L. C. and Labavitch , J. M. 2007a . Temporal sequence of cell wall disassembly events in developing fruits. 1. Analysis of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 55 : 4119 – 4124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente , A. R. , Ortugno , C. , Rosli , H. , Powell , A. L. , Greve , L. C. and Labavitch , J. M. 2007b . Temporal sequence of cell wall disassembly events in developing fruits. 2. Analysis of blueberry (Vaccinium Species) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 55 : 4125 – 4130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente , A. R. , Powell , A. , Greve , L. C. and Labavitch , J. M. 2007c . Cell wall disassembly events in boysenberry (Rubus idaeus L.× Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schldl.) fruit development . Funct. Plant Biol. , 34 : 614 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilas-Boas , E. V. B. and Kader , A. A. 2007 . Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on softening of fresh-cut kiwifruit, mango and persimmon slices . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 43 : 238 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viña , S. Z. and Chaves , A. R. 2003 . Texture changes in fresh cut celery during refrigerated storage . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 83 : 1308 – 1314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade , N. L. , Kavanagh , E. E. , Hockley , D. G. and Brady , C. J. 1992 . Relationship between softening and the polyuronides in ripening banana fruit . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 60 : 61 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakasa , Y. , Hatsuyama , Y. , Takahashi , A. , Sato , T. , Niizeki , M. and Harada , T. 2003 . Divergent expression of six expansin genes during apple fruit ontogeny . Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. , 68 : 253 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , A. , Yamakake , J. , Kudo , H. , Wakasa , Y. , Hatsuyama , Y. , Igarashi , M. , Kasai , A. , Li , T. Z. and Harada , T. 2009 . Null mutation of the MdACS3 gene, coding for a ripening-specific 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, leads to long shelf life in apple fruit . Plant Physiol. , 151 : 391 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , P. , Zhang , B. , Li , X. , Xu , C. J. , Yin , X. R. , Shan , L. L. , Ferguson , I. B. and Chen , K. S. 2010 . Ethylene signal transduction elements involved in chilling injury in non-climacteric loquat fruit . J. Exp. Bot. , 61 : 179 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Lu , W. J. , Li , J. G. , Jiang , Y. M. , Luo , Y. B. , Jiang , W. B. and Joyce , D. 2006 . Expression of ethylene-related expansin genes in cool-stored ripening banana fruit . Plant Sci. , 170 : 962 – 967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. Y. , MacRae , E. A. , Wright , M. A. , Bolitho , K. M. , Ross , G. S. and Atkinson , R. G. 2000 . Polygalacturonase gene expression in kiwifruit: relationship to fruit softening and ethylene production . Plant Mol. Biol. , 42 : 317 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. Y. , MacRae , E. A. , Wright , M. A. , Bolitho , K. M. , Ross , G. S. and Atkinson , R. G. 2000 . Polygalacturonase gene expression in kiwifruit: relationship to fruit softening and ethylene production . Plant Mol. Biol. , 42 : 317 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegrzyn , T. F. and Macrae , E. A. 1992 . Pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, and beta-galactosidase during softening of ethylene-treated kiwifruit . HortScience , 27 : 900 – 902 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welinder , K. G. , Justesen , A. F. , Kjærsgard , I. V. , Jensen , R. B. , Rasmussen , S. K. , Jespersen , H. M. and Duroux , L. 2002 . Structural diversity and transcription of class III peroxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana . Eur. J. Biochem. , 269 : 6063 – 6081 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whetten , R. and Sederoff , R. 1995 . Lignin biosynthesis . Plant Cell , 7 : 1001 – 1013 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue , Y. B. , Kubo , Y. , Inaba , A. and Nakamura , R. 1996 . Effects of humidity on physiological activity and texture of tomato and cucumber fruits . J. Japan. Soc. Food. Sci. Technol. , 43 : 164 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yahiaoui , N. , Marque , C. , Myton , K. E. , Negrel , J. and Boudet , A. M. 1998 . Impact of different levels of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase down-regulation on lignins of transgenic tobacco plants . Planta , 204 : 8 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , S. L. , Sun , C. D. , Wang , P. , Shan , L. L. , Cai , C. , Zhang , B. , Zhang , W. S. , Li , X. , Ferguson , I. B. and Chen , K. S. 2008 . Expression of expansin genes during postharvest lignification and softening of ‘Luoyangqing’ and ‘Baisha’ loquat fruit under different storage conditions . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 49 : 46 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , S. L. , Xu , C. J. , Zhang , B. , Li , X. and Chen , K. S. 2007 . Involvement of both subgroups A and B of expansin genes in kiwifruit ripening . HortScience , 42 : 315 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yashoda , H. M. , Prabha , T. N. and Tharanathan , R. N. 2007 . Mango ripening - role of carbohydrases in tissue softening . Food Chem. , 102 : 691 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , X. R. , Allan , A. C. , Chen , K. S. and Ferguson , I. B. 2010 . Kiwifruit EIL and ERF genes involved in regulating fruit ripening . Plant Physiol , DOI: 10.1104/pp. 110.157081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , X. R. , Chen , K. S. , Allan , A. C. , Wu , R. M. , Zhang , B. , Lallu , N. and Ferguson , I. B. 2008 . Ethylene-induced modulation of genes associated with the ethylene signaling pathway in ripening kiwifruit . J. Exp. Bot. , 59 : 2097 – 2108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. , Chen , K. S. , Zhang , S. L. and Ferguson , I. B. 2003 . The role of salicylic acid in postharvest ripening of kiwifruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 28 : 67 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , M. , Moy , J. and Paull , R. E. 1996 . Effect of gamma-irradiation on ripening papaya pectin . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 8 : 209 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , S. H. , Liu , M. C. and Zhou , J. 2006 . Inhibition by nitric oxide of ethylene biosynthesis and lipoxygenase activity in peach fruit during storage . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 42 : 41 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , S. H. and Zhou , J. 2007 . Effect of nitric oxide on ethylene production in strawberry fruit during storage . Food Chem. , 100 : 1517 – 1522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziliotto , F. , Begheldo , M. , Rasori , A. , Bonghi , C. and Tonutti , P. 2008 . Transcriptome profiling of ripening nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsch) fruit treated with 1-MCP . J. Exp. Bot. , 59 : 2781 – 2791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziosi , V. , Bregoli , A. M. , Bonghi , C. , Fossati , T. , Biondi , S. , Costa , G. and Torrigiani , P. 2006 . Transcription of ethylene perception and biosynthesis genes is altered by putrescine, spermidine and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) during ripening in peach fruit (Prunus persica) . New Phytol. , 172 : 229 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziosi , V. , Bregoli , A. M. , Fregola , F. , Costa , G. and Torrigiani , P. 2009 . Jasmonate-induced ripening delay is associated with up-regulation of polyamine levels in peach fruit . J. Plant Physiol. , 166 : 938 – 946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar