In Vitro Culture of Wheat and Genetic Transformation — Retrospect and Prospect

References

• Adachi , T. and Katayama , Y. 1969 . Callus formation and shoot differentiation in wheat tissue culture . Bull. Fac. Agric. Univ. Miyazaki , 16 : 77
   Google Scholar
• Agache , S. , De Buyser , J. , Henry , Y. and Snape , J. 1988 . Studies of the genetic relationship between anther culture and somatic tissue culture abilities in wheat . Plant Breeding , 100 : 26
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agache , S. , Bachelier , B. , De Buyser , J. , Henry , Y. and Snape , J. 1989 . Genetic analysis of anther culture response in wheat using aneuploid, chromosome substitution and translocation lines . Theor. Appl. Genet , 77 : 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , K. Z. and Sagi , F. 1993 . Culture of and fertile plant regeneration from regenerable embryogenic suspension cell-derived protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahloowalia , B. S. 1982 . Plant regeneration from callus culture in wheat . Crop Sci , 22 : 405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahloowalia , B. S. 1986 . “ Somaclones of wheat regenerated from primordial leaf callus ” . In Genetic Manipulation in Plant Breeding , Edited by: Horn , W. , Jensen , C. J. , Odenbach , W. and Schieder , O. 577 Berlin : Walter de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Ahuja , P. S. , Pental , D. and Cocking , E. C. 1982 . Plant regeneration from leaf base callus and cell suspensions of Triticum aestivum . Z. Pflanzenzuecht , 89 : 139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1972 . Research Group 301, A preliminary report on the induction of pollen plants from rice and wheat . Genet. Commun. (Beijing) , 1 : 1 (in Chinese) Anon.
   Google Scholar
• 1976 . Research Group 301, A sharp increase of the frequency of pollen-plant induction in wheat with potato medium . Acta Genet. Sin , 3 : 25 Anon.
   Google Scholar
• Bajaj , Y. P. S. 1977 . In vitro induction of haploids in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Crop Improv , 4 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Bajaj , Y. P. S. , ed. 1990 . “ Wheat ” . In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Vol. 13 , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Ball , S. T. , Zhou , H. and Konzak , C. F. 1992 . Sucrose concentration and its relationship to anther culture in wheat . Crop Sci , 32 : 149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay , S. and Ghosh , P. D. 1986 . Cell divisions in newly formed cells from leaf mesophyll protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sonalika) . Curr. Sci , 55 : 1084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bapat , S. A. , Joshi , C. P. and Mascarenhas , A. F. 1988 . Occurrence and frequency of precocious germination of somatic embryos is a genotype-dependent phenomenon in wheat . Plant Cell Rep , 7 : 538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bapat , S. A. , Rawal , S. K. and Mascarenhas , A. F. 1992 . Isozyme profiles during ontogeny of somatic embryos in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Sci , 82 : 235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnabás , B. , Pfahler , P. L. and Kovács , G. 1991 . Direct effect of colchicine on the microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 81 : 675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroncelli , S. , Buiatti , M. , Bennici , A. , Foroughi-Wehr , G. , Mix , B. , Gaul , H. , Tagliasacchi , A. M. , Loiero , M. and Giorgi , B. 1978 . Genetic control of in vitro in vivo growth in hexaploid wheat. I. Behaviour of ditelocentric lines . Z. Pflanzenzuecht , 80 : 109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartok , T. and Sági , F. 1990 . A new, endosperm-supported callus induction method for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 22 : 37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batty , N. P. and Evans , J. M. 1992 . Biological ballistics — no longer a shot in the dark . Transgen. Res , 1 : 107
   Google Scholar
• Baum , M. , Lagudah , E. S. and Appels , R. 1992 . Wide crosses in cereals . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol , 43 : 117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedo , Z. , Karsai , I. , Balla , L. and Barnabás , B. Some possibilities of efficient haploid production in wheat . Proc. 7th Int. Wheat Genetics Symp. Vol. 2 , pp. 1043 Cambridge : Institute of Plant Science Research .
   Google Scholar
• Bhojwani , S. S. and Hayward , C. 1977 . Some observations and comments on tissue culture of wheat . Z. Pflanzenphysiol , 85 : 341
   Google Scholar
• Bjornastad , A. , Opsahl-Ferstad , H. G. and Aasmo , M. 1989 . Effects of donor plant environment and light during incubation on anther cultures of some spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 17 : 27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrelli , G. M. , Di Fonzo , N. and Lupotto , E. 1992 . Effect of cefotaxime on callus culture and plant regeneration in durum wheat . J. Plant Physiol , 140 : 372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman , A. , Felsenburg , T. and Galun , E. 1987 . Nor loci analysis in progenies of plants regenerated from the scutellar callus of bread-wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 73 : 827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman , A. , Felsenburg , T. and Galun , E. 1989 . Is Nor region variability in wheat invariably caused by tissue culture? . Theor. Appl. Genet , 77 : 809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , C. , Brooks , F. J. , Pearson , D. and Mathias , R. J. 1989 . Control of embryogenesis and organogenesis in immature wheat embryo callus using increased medium osmolality and abscisic acid . J. Plant Physiol , 133 : 727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burström , H. 1951 . Studies on growth and metabolism of roots. V. Cell elongation and dry matter content . Physiol. Plant , 4 : 199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock , W. P. , Baenziger , P. S. , Schaeffer , G. W. and Botino , P. J. 1982 . Anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1's and their reciprocal crosses . Theor. Appl. Genet , 62 : 155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callis , J. , Fromm , M. and Walbot , V. 1987 . Introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells . Genes Dev , 1 : 183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman , J. G. 1988 . Improved somatic embryogenesis in wheat by partial simulation of the in-ovulo oxygen, growth-regulator and desiccation environments . Planta , 175 : 417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman , J. G. , Jefferson , N. E. and Campbell , W. F. 1987 . Induction of embryogenic Triticum aestivum L. calli. I. Quantification of genotype and culture medium effects . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 10 : 101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman , J. G. , Jefferson , N. E. and Campbell , W. F. 1987 . Induction of embryogenic Triticum aestivum L. calli. n. Quantification of organic addenda and other culture variable effects . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 10 : 115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , B. F. and Johnson , B. B. 1989 . Partitioning of variation derived from tissue culture of winter wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , Y. F. , Wang , W. C. , Warfield , C. Y. , Nguyen , H. T. and Wong , J. R. 1991 . Plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from long-term cell cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 9 : 611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. R. and Wang , P. 1979 . A synthetic medium (C1 medium) for wheat anther cultures . Hereditas (Beijing) , 1 : 31 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Chen , T. H. H. , Kartha , K. K. and Gusta , L. V. 1985 . Cryopreservation of wheat suspension culture and regenerable callus . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 4 : 101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. 1986 . “ Anther and pollen culture of rice ” . In Haploids of Higher Plants In Vitro , Edited by: Hu , H. and Yang , H. 3 Beijing : China Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , D. F. and Dale , P. J. 1992 . A comparison of methods for delivering DNA to wheat: the application of wheat dwarf virus DNA to seeds with exposed apical meristems . Transgen. Res , 1 : 93
   Google Scholar
• Chibbar , R. N. , Kartha , K. K. , Leung , N. , Qureshi , J. and Caswell , K. 1991 . Transient expression of marker genes in immature zygotic embryos of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) through microprojectile bombardment . Genome , 34 : 453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin , J. C. and Scott , K. J. 1977 . Studies on the formation of roots and shoots in wheat callus cultures . Ann. Bot , 41 : 473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christou , P. 1992 . Genetic transformation of crop plants using microprojectile bombardment . Plant J , 2 : 275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , C. C. and Hill , R. D. 1988 . An improved anther culture method for obtaining higher frequency of pollen embryoids in Triticum aestivum L . Plant Sci , 55 : 175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , C. C. , Hill , R. D. and Brule-Babel , A. L. 1990 . High frequency of pollen embryoid formation and plant regeneration in Triticum aestivum L. on monosaccharide containing media . Plant Sci , 66 : 255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , C. C. , Wang , C. C. , Sun , C. S. , Chien , N. F. , Yin , K. C. and Hsu , C. 1973 . Investigations on the induction and morphogenesis of wheat (Triticum vulgare) pollen plants . Acta Bot. Sin , 15 : 1 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Chu , C. C. , Wang , C. C. , Sun , C. S. , Chien , N. F. , Yin , K. C. , Chu , C. Y. and Bi , F. Y. 1975 . Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources . Sci. Sin , 18 : 659 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Chuang , C. C. , Ouyang , T. W. , Chia , Hsu. , Chou , S. M. and Ching , C. K. 1978 . “ A set of potato media for wheat anther culture ” . In Proc. Symp. Plant Tissue Culture , 51 Peking : Science Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , D. B. , Sears , R. G. , Lookhart , G. L. and Jones , B. L. 1986 . Heritable somaclonal variation in gliadin proteins of wheat plants derived from immature embryo callus culture . Theor. Appl. Genet , 71 : 784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , I. L. 1974 . Haploid plants (2n = 21) from in vitro anther culture of Triticum aestivum . Can. J. Genet. Cytol , 16 : 697
   Google Scholar
• Cure , W. W. and Mott , R. L. 1978 . A comparative anatomical study of organogenesis in cultured tissues of maize, wheat and oats . Physiol. Plant , 42 : 91
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale , P. J. , Marks , M. S. , Brown , M. M. , Woolston , C. J. , Gunn , H. V. , Mullineaux , P. M. , Lewis , D. M. , Kemp , J. M. , Chen , D. F. , Gilmour , D. M. and Flavell , R. B. 1989 . Agroinfection of wheat: inoculation of in vitro grown seedlings and embryos . Plant Sci , 63 : 237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniell , H. , Krishnan , M. and McFadden , B. F. 1991 . Transient expression of B-glucuronidase in different cellular compartments following biolistic delivery of foreign DNA into wheat leaves and calli . Plant Cell Rep , 9 : 615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta , S. K. and Wenzel , G. 1987 . Isolated microspore derived plant formation via embryogenesis in Triticum aestivum L . Plant Sci , 48 : 49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta , S. K. , Potrykus , I. , Bolik , M. and Wenzel , G. 1990 . “ Culture of isolated pollen of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ” . In Wheat, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 13 , 435 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• De Buyser , J. , Hachemi-Rachedi , S. , Lemee , M.-L. , Sejourne , S. , Marcotte , J. L. and Henry , Y. 1992 . Aneuploid analysis of anther culture response in wheat . Plant Breed , 109 : 339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekeyser , R. A. , Claes , B. , De Rycke , R. M. U. , Habets , M. E. , Van Montagu , M. C. and Caplan , A. B. 1990 . Transient gene expression in intact and organized rice . Plant Cell , 2 : 591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De La Roche , A. I. , Keller , W. A. , Singh , J. and Siminovitch , D. 1977 . Isolation of protoplasts from unhardened and hardened tissues of winter rye and wheat . Can. J. Bot , 55 : 1181
   Google Scholar
• Delporte , F. , Mingeo , C. , Salomon , F. and Jacquemin , J. M. 1991 . “ Expression of zein family protein in wheat endosperm (Triticum aestivum L.) after transformation by copollination with plasmidic DNA ” . In Eucarpia Symposium on Genetic Manipulation in Plant Breeding Tarragona abstract I/P4
   Google Scholar
• Deng , W. Y. , Lin , X. Y. and Shao , Q. Q. 1990 . Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transform Triticum aestivum Hordeum vulgare of Gramineae . Sci. China (Ser. B) , 33 : 27
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , E. S. and Brettell , R. I. S. 1990 . DNA methylation of maize transposable elements is correlated with activity . Philos. Trans. Soc. London Ser. B , 326 : 217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devaux , P. Significant higher proportions of 1BL-1RS wheat-rye translocations lines among doubled haploid progenies derived from F1 hybrids between translocated and non-translocated wheat cultivars . Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Proc. 7th Int. Congr. on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture . Edited by: Nijkamp , H. J. J. , van der Plas , L. H. and van Aartrijk , J. pp. 442 Amsterdam : Kluwer Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dhir , S. K. , Pajeau , M. E. , Fromm , M. E. and Fry , J. E. 1993 . Anthocyanin genes as visual markers for wheat transformation . Gordon Conference “Plant Cell and Tissue Culture” Plant Transgenes: Tools for Discovery and Design . June 13–18 1993 .
   Google Scholar
• Dhir , S. K. , Pajeau , M. E. , Fromm , M. E. and Fry , J. E. 1993 . Anthocyanin genes as visual markers for wheat transformation . Guthrie Centenary Conference . Sept. 11–16 1993 , Sydney , Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Dudits , D. , Nemet , G. and Haydu , Z. 1975 . Study of callus growth and organ formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissue cultures . Can. J. Bot , 53 : 957
   Google Scholar
• Dudits , D. and Nemet , G. 1976 . Semaine d'etude cerealcultivé Gembloux 127 Belgium
   Google Scholar
• Du , J. , Liu , H. , Xie , D. X. , Hua , X. J. and Fan , Y. L. 1989 . Injection of exogenous DNA into young floral tillers of wheat . Genet. Manipulat. Plants , 5 : 8 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , S. Dutta and Ahmed , R. 1987 . Role of inoculum weight on tissue growth and plantlet regeneration in Triticum aestivum L . Ind. J. Exp. Biol , 25 : 235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S. Dutta and Ghosh , P. D. 1983 . Chromosome analysis in callus culture of Triticum aestivum . Nucleus , 26 : 16
   Google Scholar
• Eapen , S. and Rao , P. S. 1985 . Factors controlling callus initiation, growth and plant regeneration in breadwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.) , 94 : 33
   Google Scholar
• Eapen , S. and Rao , P. S. 1985 . Factors controlling pollen embryogenesis in Triticale and wheat . Proc. Ind. Natl. Sci. Acad , 51 : 353
   Google Scholar
• Ekiz , H. and Konzak , C. F. 1991 . Nuclear and cytoplasmic control of anther culture response in wheat: I. Analyses of alloplasmic lines . Crop Sci , 31 : 1421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekiz , H. and Konzak , C. F. 1991 . Nuclear and cytoplasmic control of anther culture response in wheat: II. Common wheat X alloplasmic lines . Crop Sci , 31 : 1427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekiz , H. and Konzak , C. F. 1991 . Nuclear and cytoplasmic control of anther culture response in wheat: III. Common wheat crosses . Crop Sci , 31 : 1431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elena , E. B. and Ginzo , H. D. 1988 . Effect of auxin levels on shoot formation with different embryo tissues from a cultivar and a commercial hybrid of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . J. Plant Physiol , 132 : 600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , P. K. , Keats , A. G. and Cocking , E. C. 1972 . Isolation of protoplasts from cereal leaves . Planta , 104 : 178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel , F. and Wenzel , G. 1990 . Medium-genotype-interaction on androgenetic haploid production in wheat . Plant Breed , 105 : 278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel , F. and Wenzel , G. 1993 . In vitro selection for tolerance to Fusarium in F1 microspore populations of wheat . Plant Breed , 110 : 89
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felsenburg , T. , Feldman , M. and Galun , E. 1987 . Aneuploid and alloplasmic lines as tools for the study of nuclear and cytoplasmic control of culture ability and regeneration of scutellar calli from common wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 74 : 802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , G. H. and Ouyang , J. 1988 . The effects of KNO3 concentration in callus induction medium for wheat anther culture . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 12 : 3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroughi-Wehr , B. and Zeller , F. J. 1990 . In vitro microspore reaction of different German wheat cultivars . Theor. Appl. Genet , 79 : 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii , T. 1970 . Callus formation in wheat anthers . Wheat Inf. Serv , 31 : 1
   Google Scholar
• Galiba , G. and Erdei , L. 1986 . Dependence of wheat callus growth, differentiation and mineral content on carbohydrate supply . Plant Sci , 45 : 65
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galiba , G. and Yamada , Y. 1988 . A novel method for increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in wheat tissue culture by NaCl and KCl supplementation . Plant Cell Rep , 7 : 55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamborg , O. L. and Eveleigh , D. E. 1968 . Culture methods and detection of glucanases in suspension cultures of wheat and barley . Can. J. Biochem , 416 : 417
   Google Scholar
• Gosch-Wackerle , G. , Avivi , L. and Galun , E. 1979 . Induction, culture and differentiation of callus from immature rachises, seeds and embryos of Triticum . Z. Pflanzenphysiol , 91 : 267
   Google Scholar
• Graves , A. E. , Goldman , S. L. , Banks , S. W. and Graves , A. C. F. 1988 . Scanning electron microscope studies of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Attachment to Zea mays, Gladiolus sp. and Triticum aestivum . J. Bacteriol , 170 : 2395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossmann , K. , Sauerbrey , E. and Jung , J. 1990 . Influence of growth retardants and ethylene-generating compounds on culture response of leaf explants from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . J. Plant Physiol , 135 : 725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guha , S. and Maheshwari , S. C. 1964 . In vitro production of embryos from anthers of Datura . Nature , 204 : 497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guha , S. and Maheshwari , S. C. 1966 . Cell division and differentiation of embryos in the pollen grains of Datura in vitro . Nature , 212 : 97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , G. Q. , Xia , G. M. , Li , Z. Y. and Chen , H. M. 1990 . Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from protoplast-derived cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Sci. Sin , 9 : 970
   Google Scholar
• Guo , G. Q. , Xia , G. M. , Li , Z. Y. and Chen , H. M. 1991 . Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from protoplast-derived cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Sci. China (Ser. B) , 34 : 438
   Google Scholar
• Guenzi , A. C. , Mornhinweg , D. W. and Johnson , B. B. 1992 . Genetic analysis of a grass dwarf mutation induced by wheat callus culture . Theor. Appl. Genet , 84 : 952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S. , Ghosal , K. K. and Gadgil , V. N. 1972 . Haploid tissue culture of Triticum aestivum var. Sonalika and Pisum sativum var. B 22 . Ind. Agric , 16 : 277
   Google Scholar
• Harris , R. , Wright , M. , Byrne , M. , Varnum , J. , Brightwell , B. and Schubert , K. 1988 . Callus formation and plantlet regeneration from protoplasts derived from suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 7 : 337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann , C. , De Buyser , J. , Henry , Y. , Falconet , D. , Lejeune , B. , Benslimane , A. A. , Quétier , F. and Rode , A. 1987 . Time-course of mitochondrial genome variation in wheat embryogenic somatic tissue cultures . Plant Sci , 53 : 191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann , C. , Henry , Y. , De Buyser , J. , Aubry , C. and Rode , A. 1989 . Identification of new mitochondrial genome organizations in wheat plants regenerated from somatic tissue cultures . Theor. Appl. Genet , 77 : 169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashim , Z. N. , Campbell , W. F. and Carman , J. G. 1991 . Normalization of the DNA content of telophase cells from wheat calli by nutrient modifications . Theor. Appl. Genet , 82 : 413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautpmann , R. M. , Ozias-Akins , P. , Vasil , V. , Tabaeizadeh , Z. , Rogers , S. G. , Horsch , R. B. , Vasil , I. K. and Fraley , R. T. 1987 . Transient expression of electroporated DNA in mono-cotyledonous and dicotyledonous species . Plant Cell Rep , 6 : 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauptmann , R. M. , Vasil , V. , Ozias-Akins , P. , Tabaeizadeh , Z. , Rogers , S. G. , Fraley , R. T. , Horsch , R. B. and Vasil , I. K. 1988 . Evaluation of selectable markers for obtaining stable transformants in the Gramineae . Plant Physiol , 86 : 602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , Y. and Shimamoto , K. 1988 . Wheat protoplast culture: embryogenic colony formation from protoplasts . Plant Cell Rep , 7 : 414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , D. G. and Ouyang , J. 1984 . Callus and plantlet formation from cultured wheat anthers at different developmental stages . Plant Sci. Lett , 33 : 71
   Google Scholar
• He , D. G. , Tanner , G. and Scott , K. J. 1986 . Somatic embryogenesis and morphogenesis in callus derived from the epiblast of immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Plant Sci , 45 : 119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , D. G. , Yang , Y. M. , Bertram , J. and Scott , K. J. 1990 . The histological development of the regenerative tissue derived from cultured immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Sci , 68 : 103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , D. G. , Yang , Y. M. and Scott , K. J. 1988 . A comparison of scutellum callus and epiblast callus induction in wheat: the effect of genotype, embryo age and medium . Plant Sci , 57 : 225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , D. G. , Yang , Y. M. and Scott , K. J. 1992 . Plant regeneration from protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hartog) . Plant Cell Rep , 11 : 16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , Y. and De Buyser , J. 1981 . Float culture of wheat anthers . Theor. Appl. Genet , 60 : 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , Y. , De Buyser , J. , Guenegou , T. and Ory , C. 1984 . Wheat microspore embryogenesis during in vitro anther culture . Theor. Appl. Genet , 67 : 439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , Y. and De Buyser , J. 1985 . Effect of the 1B/1R translocation on anther culture ability in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 4 : 307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , Y. and De Buyser , J. 1990 . “ Wheat anther culture: agronomic performance of doubled haploid lines and the release of a new variety “Florin” . In Wheat, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 13 , 285 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Heberle-Bors , E. and Odenbach , W. 1985 . In vitro pollen embryogenesis and cytoplasmic male sterility in Triticum aestivum . Z. Pflanzenzuecht , 95 : 14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess , D. , Dressier , K. and Nimmrichter , R. 1990 . Transformation experiments by pipetting Agrobacterium into the spikelets of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Sci , 72 : 233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heszky , L. and Mesch , J. 1976 . Anther culture investigations in cereal gene bank collection . Z. Pflanzenzuecht , 77 : 187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyne , E. G. , ed. 1987 . Wheat and Wheat Improvement, , 2nd ed. , Madison : American Society of Agronomy .
   Google Scholar
• Heyser , J. W. , Nabors , M. W. , MacKinnon , C. , Dykes , T. A. , DeMott , K. J. , Kautzman , D. C. and Mujeeb-Kazi , A. 1985 . Long-term, high-frequency plant regeneration and the induction of somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Z. Pflanzenzuecht , 94 : 218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins , P. and Mathias , R. J. 1987 . The effect of the 4B chromosomes of hexaploid wheat on the growth and regeneration of callus cultures . Theor. Appl. Genet , 14 : 439
   Google Scholar
• Hoess , R. , Wierzbicki , A. and Abremski , K. 1987 . Isolation and characterization of intermediates in site-specific recombination . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 84 : 6840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , H. 1986 . “ Wheat: improvement through anther culture ” . In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Crops , I. and Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 2 , 55 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , B. 1987 . Effects of incubation temperature on microspore callus production and plant regeneration in wheat anther cultures . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 9 : 45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunsinger , H. and Schauz , K. 1987 . The influence of dicamba on somatic embryogenesis and frequency of plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Breed , 98 : 119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii , C. Callus induction and shoot differentiation of wheat, oat and barley . Proc. 5th Intl. Congr. Plant Tissue Cell Culture . pp. 185
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , S. A. 1990 . Biolistic transformation: microbes to mice . Nature , 346 : 776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , A. M. and Petolino , J. F. 1987 . Effects of donor plant genotype and growth environment on anther culture of soft-red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 8 : 215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , A. M. and Petolino , J. F. 1988 . Effects of support medium on embryo and plant production from cultured anthers of soft-red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 12 : 255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaleikau , E. K. , Sears , R. G. and Gill , B. S. 1989 . Monosomic analysis of tissue culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaleikau , E. K. , Sears , R. G. and Gill , B. S. 1989 . Control of tissue culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp , A. and Maddock , S. E. 1984 . Chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos . Theor. Appl. Genet , 67 : 249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp , A. , Wu , Q. S. , Steele , S. H. and Jones , M. G. K. 1987 . Chromosome variation in dividing protoplasts and cell suspensions of wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 74 : 140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasha , K. J. , Ziauddin , A. and Cho , U. H. 1990 . “ Haploids in cereal improvement: anther and microspore culture ” . In Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement , Edited by: Gustafson , J. P. Vol. II , 213 New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kendall , E. J. , Kartha , K. , Qureshi , J. A. and Chermak , P. 1993 . Cryopreservation of immature spring wheat zygotic embryos using an abscisic acid pretreatment . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , S. L. 1986 . The Effect of Sucrose, Dextran and Glucose on Anther Culture of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) , M. Sc. thesis Canada : University of Guelph .
   Google Scholar
• Kloti , A. , Iglesias , V. A. , Wunn , J. , Burkhardt , P. K. , Datta , S. K. and Potrykus , I. 1993 . Gene transfer by electroporation into intact scutellum cells of wheat embryos . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konzak , C. F. , Ekiz , H. , Zhou , H. and Davis , M. A. 1991 . “ Nuclear and cytoplasmic control of anther culture responses in wheat-potential of cytoplasm generic variability. Special lecture by C.F.K. ” . In Proc. Symp. U.S.-Japan Assoc. Wheat Breed. Genet Edited by: Sasakuma , T. and Kinoshita , T. 251
   Google Scholar
• Konzak , C. F. and Zhou , H. 1991 . Anther culture methods for doubled haploid production in wheat . Cereal Res. Commun , 19 : 147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langridge , P. , Lazzeri , P. and Lörz , H. 1991 . A segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat . Plant Cell Rep , 10 : 148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langridge , P. , Brettschneider , R. , Lazzeri , P. and Lörz , H. 1992 . Transformation of cereals via Agrobacterium and the pollen pathway: a critical assessment . Plant J , 2 : 631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin , P. J. and Scowcroft , W. R. 1981 . Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement . Theor. Appl. Genet , 60 : 197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin , P. J. , Ryan , S. A. , Brettell , R. I. S. and Scowcroft , W. R. 1984 . Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 67 : 443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lashermes , P. , Engin , G. and Ortiz-Ferrara , G. 1991 . Anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum) adapted to dry areas of West Asia and North Africa . J. Genet. Breed , 45 : 33
   Google Scholar
• Last , D. I. and Brettell , R. I. S. 1990 . Embryo yield in wheat anther culture is influenced by the choice of sugar in the culture medium . Plant Cell Rep , 9 : 14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Last , D. I. , Brettell , R. I. S. , Chamberlain , D. A. , Chaudhury , A. M. , Larkin , P. J. , Marsh , E. L. , Peacock , W. J. and Dennis , E. S. 1991 . pEmu: an improved promoter for gene expression in cereal cells . Theor. Appl. Genet , 81 : 581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Collins , G. B. and Vian , W. E. 1983 . Genetic and environmental effects on the growth and differentiation of wheat somatic cell cultures . J. Heredity , 74 : 353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Baenziger , P. S. and Schaeffer , G. W. 1984 . Combining abilities and heritability of callus formation and plantlet regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther cultures . Theor. Appl. Genet , 68 : 131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Schaeffer , G. W. and Baenziger , P. S. 1984 . Cultivar and cultivar X environment effects on the development of callus and polyhaploid plants from anther cultures of wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 67 : 273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Schaeffer , G. W. and Baenziger , P. S. 1985 . The physical environment in relation to high frequency callus and plantlet development in anther cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chris . J. Plant Physiol , 121 : 103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Chen , T. H. H. , Gusta , L. V. and Kartha , K. K. 1988 . Somaclonal variation for freezing tolerance in a population derived from norstar winter wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 75 : 480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar , M. D. , Schaeffer , G. W. and Baenziger , P. S. 1990 . The effects of interactions of culture environment with genotype on wheat (Triticum aestivum) anther culture response . Plant Cell Rep , 8 : 525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , B. T. , Murdoch , K. , Topping , J. , de Both , M. T. J. , Wu , Q. S. , Karp , A. , Steele , S. , Symonds , C. , Kreis , M. and Jones , M. G. K. 1988 . Isolation, culture and morphogenesis from wheat protoplasts, and study of expression of DNA constructs by direct gene transfer . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 12 : 223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , B. , Murdoch , K. , Topping , J. , Kreis , M. and Jones , M. G. K. 1989 . Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat . Plant Mol. Biol , 13 : 21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettre , J. J. , Kelly , S. L. , Marsolais , A. A. and Kasha , J. J. 1990 . “ Wheat anther culture using liquid media ” . In Wheat, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 13 , 416 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Li , H. , Qureshi , J. A. and Kartha , K. K. 1988 . The influence of different temperature treatments on anther cultures response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Sci , 57 : 55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , X. H. , Yan , Q. S. , Huang , M. J. , Sun , Y. N. and Li , W. B. 1980 . “ Divisions of cells regenerated from mesophyll protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ” . In Advances in Protoplast Research , Edited by: Ferenczy , L. and Farkas , G. L. 281 Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Li , Z. Y. , Xia , G. M. and Chen , H. M. 1992 . Somatic embryo-genesis and plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspension of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 28 : 79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Z. Y. , Xia , G. M. , Chen , H. M. and Guo , C. Q. 1992 . Plant regeneration from protoplasts derived from embryogenic suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . J. Plant Physiol , 139 : 714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang , G. H. , Sangduen , N. , Heyne , E. G. and Sears , R. G. 1982 . Polyhaploid production through anther culture in common wheat . J. Heredity , 73 : 360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang , G. H. , Xu , A. and Tang , H. 1987 . Direct generation of wheat haploids via anther culture . Crop Sci , 27 : 336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling , D. X. , Luckett , D. J. and Darvey , N. L. 1991 . Low-dose gamma irradiation promotes wheat anther culture response . Aust. J. Bot , 39 : 467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonsdale , D. , Onde , S. and Cuming , A. 1990 . Transient expression of exogenous DNA in intact, viable wheat embryos following particle bombardment . J. Exp. Bot , 41 : 1161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lörz , H. , Baker , B. and Schell , J. 1985 . Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation . Mol. Gen. Genet , 199 : 178
   Google Scholar
• Lörz , H. , Gobel , E. and Brown , P. 1988 . Advances in tissue culture and progress towards genetic transformation of cereals . Plant Breed , 100 : 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoSchiavo , F. , Pitto , L. , Giuliano , G. , Torti , G. , Nuti-Ronchi , V. , Marazziti , D. , Vergara , R. , Orselli , S. and Terzi , M. 1989 . DNA methylation of embryogenic carrot cell cultures and its variations as caused by mutation, differentiation, hormones and hypomethylating drugs . Theor. Appl. Genet , 77 : 325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , C. S. , Sharma , H. C. and Ohm , H. W. 1991 . Wheat anther culture: effect of genotype and environmental conditions . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 24 : 233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckett , D. J. , Venkatnagappa , S. , Darvey , N. L. and Smithard , R. A. 1991 . Anther culture of Australian wheat germplasm using modified C17 medium and membrane rafts . Aust. J. Plant Physiol , 18 : 357
   Google Scholar
• Luckett , D. J. and Darvey , N. L. 1992 . Utilisation of microspore culture in wheat and barley improvement . Aust. J. Bot , 40 : 807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , S. R. , Bowen , B. , Beach , L. and Wessler , S. R. 1990 . A regulatory gene as a novel visible marker for maize transformation . Science , 24 : 449
   Google Scholar
• Maddock , S. E. 1987 . Suspension and protoplast culture of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 6 : 23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddock , S. E. , Lancaster , V. A. , Risiott , R. and Franklin , J. 1983 . Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences of 25 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Ind. J. Exp. Bot , 34 : 915
   Google Scholar
• Maddock , S. E. and Semple , J. T. 1986 . Field assessment of somaclonal variation in wheat . J. Exp. Bot , 37 : 1065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnusson , I. and Bornman , C. H. 1985 . Anatomical observations on somatic embryogenesis from scutellar tissues of immature zygotic embryos of Triticum aestivum . Physiol. Plant , 63 : 137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahalakshmi , A. , Khurana , J. P. , Maheshwari , S. C. and Khurana , P. 1993 . Rapid induction of somatic embryogenesis by 2,4-D in leaf base cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , in press
   Google Scholar
• Mahalakshmi , A. , Maheshwari , S. C. and Khurana , P. 1993 . High frequency divisions in leaf base protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . J. Plant Biochem. Biotech , 2 : 61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheshwari , N. , Rajyalakshmi , K. , Chowdhary , C. N. , Grover , A. , Tyagi , A. K. and Maheshwari , S. C. 1990 . “ In vitro culture of wheat and rice for understanding the molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis and for transformation ” . In The Impact of Biotechnology in Agriculture , Edited by: Sangwan , R. S. and Sangwan-Norreel , B. S. 191 Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Marburger , J. E. , Sammons , D. J. and Schaeffer , G. W. 1987 . Effect of a modified potato medium on anther culture of wheat . Crop Sci , 27 : 351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maretzki , A. 1987 . “ Tissue culture: its prospects and problems ” . In Sugarcane Improvement Through Breeding , Edited by: Heinz , D. J. 343 Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , M. S. , Kemp , J. M. , Wooston , C. J. and Dale , P. J. 1989 . Agroinfection of wheat: a comparison of Agrobacterium strains . Plant Sci , 63 : 247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsolais , A. A. , Seguin-Swartz , G. and Kasha , K. J. 1984 . The influence of anther cold pretreatments and donor plant genotypes on in vitro androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 3 : 69
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , A. F. , Hendre , R. R. , Rao , B. Seetharama and Jagannathan , V. 1969 . Tissue cultures of maize, wheat, jawar and rice . Ind. J. Exp. Biol , 7 : 65
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , A. F. , Hendre , R. R. , Pathak , M. , Nadgir , A. L. and Jagannathan , V. 1975 . Tissue cultures of maize, wheat, rice and sorghum, III. Growth and nutrition of root cultures of maize, wheat and sorghum in agitated liquid media . Ind. J. Exp. Biol , 13 : 112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , A. F. , Pathak , M. , Hendre , R. R. , Ghugale , D. D. and Jagannathan , V. 1975 . Tissue cultures of maize, wheat, rice and sorghum. IV. Studies of organ differentiation in tissue cultures of maize, wheat and rice . Ind. J. Exp. Biol , 13 : 116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascarenhas , A. F. , Pathak , M. , Hendre , R. R. and Jagannathan , V. 1975 . Tissue cultures of maize, wheat, rice and sorghum. I. Initiation of viable callus and root cultures . Ind. J. Exp. Biol , 13 : 103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias , R. J. and Atkinson , E. 1988 . In vitro expression of genes affecting whole plant phenotype — the effect of Rht/Gai alleles on the callus culture response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 75 : 474
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias , R. J. and Boyd , L. A. 1986 . Cefotaxime stimulates callus growth, embryogenesis and regeneration in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) . Plant Sci , 46 : 217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias , R. J. , Brown , C. , Pearson , D. and Brooks , F. J. 1987 . “ Cereal transformation and tissue culture studies ” . In Annual Report , 16 Cambridge , , U.K. : AFRC/IPSR .
   Google Scholar
• Mathias , R. J. and Simpson , E. S. 1986 . The interaction of genotype and culture medium on the tissue culture responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) allus . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 7 : 31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matzeit , V. , Schaefer , S. , Kammann , M. , Schalk , H. J. , Schell , J. and Gronenborn , B. 1991 . Wheat dwarf virus vectors replicate and express foreign genes in cells of monocotyledonous plants . Plant Cell , 3 : 247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElroy , D. , Zhang , W. , Cao , J. and Wu , R. 1990 . Isolation of an efficient actin promoter for use in rice transformation . Plant Cell , 2 : 163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor , L. J. and McHughen , A. 1990 . The influence of various cultural factors on anther culture of four cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Can. J. Plant Sci , 70 : 183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHughen , A. 1983 . Rapid regeneration of wheat in vitro . Ann. Bot , 51 : 851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mejza , S. J. , Morgant , V. , DiBona , D. E. and Wong , J. R. 1993 . Plant regeneration from isolated microspores of Triticum aestivum . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendel , R. R. and Teeri , T. H. 1993 . “ Cereal crops (III), barley, wheat, rye, oats ” . In Transformation of Plants and Soil Microorganism , Edited by: Wang , K. , Herrera-Estrella , A. and Van Montagu , M. 1 New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Messens , E. , Dekeyser , R. and Stachel , S. E. 1990 . A nontransformable Triticum monococcum monocotyledonous culture produces the potent Agrobacterium vir-inducing compound ethyl ferulate . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 87 : 4368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohmand , A. S. and Nabors , M. W. 1990 . Somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes . Plant Cell Rep , 8 : 558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohmand , A. S. and Nabors , M. W. 1991 . Comparison of two methods for callus culture and plant regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 26 : 185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney , P. A. and Goodwin , P. B. 1991 . Adherence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the cells of immature wheat embryos . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 25 : 199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney , P. A. , Goodwin , P. B. , Dennis , E. S. and Llewellyn , D. J. 1991 . Agrobacterium tumefaciens-gene transfer into wheat tissues . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 25 : 209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morère-Le Paven , M. C. , Henry , Y. , De Buyser , J. , Corre , F. , Hartmann , C. and Rode , A. 1992 . Organ/tissue-specific changes in the mitochondrial genome organization of in vitro cultures derived from different explants of a single wheat variety . Theor. Appl. Genet , 85 : 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morère-Le Paven , M. C. , De Buyser , J. , Henry , Y. , Corre , F. , Hartmann , C. and Rode , A. 1992 . Multiple patterns of mtDNA reorganization in plants regenerated from different in vitro cultured explants of a single wheat variety . Theor. Appl. Genet , 85 : 9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrish , F. M. and Fromm , M. E. 1992 . Cereal transformation methods . Curr. Opin. Biotechnol , 3 : 141
   Google Scholar
• Muller , G. , Borschel , H. , Vahl , U. , Wiberg , A. , Hartel , H. and Damisch , W. 1989 . Die Nutzung der Antherkulturmethode im Zuchtprozess von Winterweizen. I. Zur Androgenesefähigkeit von 1B-1R Weizen-Translokationsformen . Plant Breed , 102 : 196
   Google Scholar
• Muller , G. , Bohme , T. , Borschel , H. , Vahl , U. and Wiberg , A. 1990 . Die Nutzung der Antherenkulturmethode im Zuchtprozess von Winterweizen. III. Zur Antherenkultureignung von Winterweizen — F1-Populationen mit beiden heterozygoten Chromosomenpaaren 1AL-1AS/1AL-1RS und 1BL-1BS/1BL-1RS . Plant Breed , 104 : 272
   Google Scholar
• Mulligan , R. C. , Howard , B. H. and Berg , P. 1979 . Synthesis of rabbit B-globin in cultured monkey kidney cells following infection with a SV40 B-globin recombinant genome . Nature , 277 : 108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murata , M. 1989 . Effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabors , M. W. , Heyser , J. W. , Dykes , T. A. and DeMott , K. J. 1983 . Long-duration, high-frequency plant regeneration from cereal tissue cultures . Planta , 157 : 385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oard , J. H. , Paige , D. and Dvorak , J. 1989 . Chimeric gene expression using maize intron in cultured cells of bread wheat . Plant Cell Rep , 8 : 156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oard , J. H. , Paige , D. F. , Simmonds , J. A. and Gradziel , T. M. 1990 . Transient gene expression in maize, rice and wheat cells using an airgun apparatus . Plant Physiol , 92 : 334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogura , H. 1977 . Considerations on the involvements of genetical differences with callus formation in wheat . Wheat Inf. Serv , 44 : 5
   Google Scholar
• O'Hara , J. F. and Street , H. E. 1978 . Wheat callus culture: the initiation, growth and organogenesis of callus derived from various explant sources . Ann. Bot , 42 : 1029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuno , T. and Furusawa , I. 1977 . A simple method for the isolation of intact mesophyll protoplasts from cereal plants . Plant Cell Physiol , 18 : 1357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oono , K. 1985 . Putative homozygous mutations in regenerated plants of rice . Mol. Gen. Genet , 198 : 377
   Google Scholar
• Opik , H. 1980 . The ultrastructure of coleoptile cells in dry rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains after anhydrous fixation with osmium tetraoxide vapour . New Phytol , 85 : 521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orshinsky , B. R. , McGregor , L. J. , Johnson , G. I. E. , Hucl , P. and Kartha , K. K. 1990 . Improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose . Plant Cell Rep , 9 : 365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou-Lee , T. M. , Turgeon , R. and Wu , R. 1986 . Expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant-virus or a Drosophila promoter, after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat and sorghum . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 83 : 6815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang , J. W. , Hu , H. , Chuang , C. C. and Tseng , C. C. 1973 . Induction of pollen plants from anthers of Triticum aestivum L. cultured in vitro . Sci. Sin , 16 : 79
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang , J. W. , Zhou , S. M. and Jia , S. E. 1983 . The response of anther culture to culture temperature in Triticum aestivum . Theor. Appl. Genet , 66 : 101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang , J. W. 1986 . “ Induction of pollen plants in Triticum aestivum ” . In Haploids of Higher Plants In Vitro , Edited by: Hu , H. and Yang , H. 26 Beijing : China Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang , J. W. , He , D. G. , Feng , G. H. and Jia , S. E. 1987 . The response of anther culture to culture temperature varies with growth conditions of anther-donor plants . Plant Sci , 49 : 145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozias-Akins , P. and Vasil , I. K. 1982 . Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat): evidence for somatic embryogenesis . Protoplasma , 110 : 95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozias-Akins , P. and Vasil , I. K. 1983 . Callus induction and growth from the mature embryo of Triticum aestivum (wheat) . Protoplasma , 115 : 104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozias-Akins , P. and Vasil , I. K. 1983 . Improved efficiency and normalization of somatic embryogenesis in Triticum aestivum (wheat) . Protoplasma , 117 : 40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , J. L. and Gao , G. H. 1978 . The production of wheat pollen embryos and the influence of some factors on its frequency of induction . Acta Bot. Sin , 20 : 122 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Papenfuss , J. M. and Carman , J. G. 1987 . Enhanced regeneration from wheat callus cultures using dicamba and kinetin . Crop. Sci , 27 : 588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauk , J. and Szarka , B. Protoplast isolation and culture investigations in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Abstr. 8th Int. Protoplast Symp. Physiol. Plant. Vol. 82 , pp. A4/27
   Google Scholar
• Pei , W. and Yurong , C. 1980 . Effects of growth conditions of anther-donor plants on the production of pollen plants in wheat anther culture . Acta. Gen. Sin , 7 : 64
   Google Scholar
• Perl , A. , Kless , H. , Blumenthal , A. , Galili , G. and Galun , E. 1992 . Improvement of plant regeneration and GUS expression in scutellar wheat calli by optimization of culture conditions and DNA-microprojectile delivery procedures . Mol. Gen. Genet , 235 : 279
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips , R. L. , Kaeppler , S. M. and Peschke , V. M. 1990 . “ Do we understand somaclonal variation? ” . In Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology , Edited by: Nijkamp , H. J. J. , Van Der Plas , L. H. W. and Van Aartrijk , J. 136 Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Picard , E. and De Buyser , J. 1973 . Obtention de plantules haploides de Triticum aestivum L. a partir de culture d'antheres in vitro . C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) , 277 : 1463
   Google Scholar
• Picard , E. and De Buyser , J. 1975 . Noveaux resultats concernant la culture d'antheres de Triticum aestivum L. Conditions de regeneration des plantes haploides et production de lignees entierement homozygotes . C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) , 281 : 989
   Google Scholar
• Picard , E. and De Buyser , J. 1977 . High production of embryoids in anther culture of pollen derived homozygous spring wheats . Ann. Amelior. Plant , 27 : 483
   Google Scholar
• Picard , E. , Hours , C. , Gregoire , S. , Phan , T. H. and Meunier , J. P. 1987 . Significant improvement of androgenetic haploid and doubled haploid induction from wheat plants treated with a chemical hybridization agent . Theor. Appl. Genet , 74 : 289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard , E. , Jacquemin , J. M. , Granier , F. , Bobin , M. and Forgeois , P. Genetic transformation of (Triticum aestivum) by plasmid DNA uptake during pollen tube germination . Proc. 7th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp. Edited by: Miller , T. E. and Koebner , R. M. D. Vol. 1 , pp. 779 Cambridge : Institute of Plant Science Research .
   Google Scholar
• Picard , E. , Rode , A. , Doussinault , G. , Rousset , M. and Rives , M. 1990 . “ Wheat (Triticum aestivum): in vitro production and utilization of doubled haploids ” . In Haploids in Crop Improvement Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 12 , 101 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Purnhauser , L. , Medgyesy , P. , Czako , M. , Dix , P. J. and Marton , L. 1987 . Stimulation of shoot regeneration in Triticum aestivum Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. tissue cultures using the ethylene inhibitor AgNO3 . Plant Cell Rep , 6 : 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao , Y. M. , Cattaneo , M. , Locatelli , F. and Lupotto , E. 1992 . Plant regeneration from long-term suspension culture derived protoplasts of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 11 : 262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi , J. A. , Kartha , K. K. , Abrams , S. R. and Steinhauer , L. 1989 . Modulation of somatic embryogenesis in early and late-stage embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the influence of (±)-abscisic acid and its analogs . Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult , 18 : 55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajyalakshmi , K. , Dhir , S. K. , Maheshwari , N. and Maheshwari , S. C. 1988 . Callusing and regeneration of plantlets via somatic embryogenesis from inflorescence cultures of Triticum aestivum L.: role of genotype and long-term retention of morphogenic potential . Plant Breed , 101 : 80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajyalakshmi , K. , Grover , A. , Maheshwari , N. , Tyagi , A. K. and Maheshwari , S. C. 1991 . High-frequency regeneration of plantlets from the leaf-bases via somatic embryogenesis and comparison of polypeptide profiles from morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli in wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Physiol. Plant , 82 : 617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redway , F. A. , Vasil , V. , Lu , D. and Vasil , I. K. 1990 . Identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 79 : 607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redway , F. A. , Vasil , V. and Vasil , I. K. 1990 . Characterization and regeneration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryogenie cell suspension cultures . Plant Cell Rep , 8 : 714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , J. , Nahory , J. , Jayne , S. , Chang , Y. F. , Stein , J. , Grater , T. , Miner , D. , Walker , L. , Wong , J. and Crossland , L. Production of transgenic wheat by particle bombardment using methotrexate as a selection agent . Proceedings of Keystone Meeting . pp. 303
   Google Scholar
• Ren , Y. G. , Jia , J. F. , Li , M. Y. and Zhen , G. C. 1990 . Plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from callus cultures of immature inflorescenes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Chin. Sci. Bull , 34 : 1648
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , T. L. and Kitto , S. L. 1992 . Identification of embryoid-abundant genes that are temporally expressed during pollen embryogenesis in wheat anther cultures . Plant Physiol , 100 : 1744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rode , A. , Hartmann , C. , De Buyser , J. and Henry , Y. 1988 . Evidence for a direct relationship between mitochondrial genome organization and regeneration ability in hexaploid wheat somatic tissue cultures . Curr. Genet , 14 : 387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rode , A. , Hartmann , C. , Falconet , D. , Lejeune , B. , Quétier , F. , Benslimane , A. , Henry , Y. and De Buyser , J. 1987 . Extensive mitochondria] DNA variation in somatic tissue cultures initiated from immature embryos . Curr. Genet , 12 : 369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , S. A. and Scowcroft , W. R. 1987 . A somaclonal variant of wheat with additional B-amylase isozymes . Theor. Appl. Genet , 73 : 459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , S. A. , Larkin , P. J. and Ellison , F. W. 1987 . Somaclonal variation in some agronomic and quality characters in wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 74 : 77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryschka , S. , Ryschka , U. and Schulze , J. 1991 . Anatomical studies on the development of somatic embryoids in wheat and barley explants . Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz , 187 : 31
   Google Scholar
• Sági , L. and Barnabás , B. 1989 . Evidence for cytoplasmic control of in vitro microspore embryogenesis in the anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarhan , F. and Cesar , D. 1988 . High yield isolation of mesophyll protoplasts from wheat, barley and rye . Physiol. Plant , 72 : 337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sautter , C. , Waldner , H. , Neuhaus-Url , G. , Galli , A. , Neuhaus , G. and Potrykus , I. 1991 . Micro-targeting: high-efficiency gene transfer using a novel approach for the acceleration of micro-projectiles . Bio/Technology , 9 : 1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer , G. W. , Baenziger , P. S. and Worley , J. 1979 . Haploid plant development from anthers and in vitro embryo culture of wheat . Crop Sci , 19 : 697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid , J. 1990 . “ In vitro production of haploids in Triticum spelta ” . In Wheat, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry , Edited by: Bajaj , Y. P. S. Vol. 13 , 363 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Schmid , J. and Keller , E. R. 1986 . “ Effect of a gametocide on the induction of haploids in Triticum aestivum ” . In Genetic Manipulation in Plant Breeding , Edited by: Horn , W. , Jensen , C. J. , Odenbach , W. and Schieder , O. 347 Berlin : Walter de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Sears , R. G. and Deckard , E. L. 1982 . Tissue culture variability in wheat: callus induction and plant regeneration . Crop Sci , 22 : 546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang , X. M. and Wang , W. C. 1991 . DNA amplification, chromatin variations and polytene chromosomes in differentiating cells of common bread wheat in vitro and roots of regenerated plants in vivo . Genome , 34 : 799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada , T. , Sasakuma , T. and Tsunewaki , K. 1969 . In vitro culture of wheat tissues. I. Callus formation, organ redifferentiation, and single cell culture . Can. J. Genet. Cytol , 11 : 294
   Google Scholar
• Shimada , T. and Makino , T. 1975 . In vitro culture of wheat. III. Anther culture of the A genome aneuploids in common wheat . Theor. Appl. Genet , 46 : 407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada , T. 1978 . Plant regeneration from the callus induced from wheat embryo . Jpn. J. Genet , 53 : 371
   Google Scholar
• Shimada , T. and Yamada , Y. 1979 . Wheat plants regenerated from embryo cell cultures . Jpn. J. Genet , 54 : 379
   Google Scholar
• Shimada , T. , Seki , M. and Morikawa , H. 1991 . Transient expression of B-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in wheat pollen embryos via microprojectile bombardment . Wheat Inf. Serv , 72 : 106
   Google Scholar
• Simonson , R. L. and Baenziger , P. S. 1992 . The effect of gelling agents on wheat anther and immature embryo culture . Plant Breed , 109 : 211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmond , J. 1989 . Improved androgenesis of winter cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. in response to low temperature treatment of donor plants . Plant Sci , 65 : 225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds , J. , Stewart , P. and Simmonds , D. 1992 . Regeneration of Triticum aestivum apical explants after microinjection of germ line progenitor cells with DNA . Physiol. Plant , 85 : 197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds , J. A. and Grainger , J. L. 1993 . The toxicity of antibiotics to protoplast cultures of Triticum aestivum L . Plant Sci , 89 : 209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szakács , E. , Kovács , G. , Pauk , J. and Barnábas , B. 1988 . Substitution analysis of callus induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Plant Cell Rep , 7 : 127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , M. G. , Vasil , V. and Vasil , I. K. 1993 . Enhanced GUS gene expression in cereal/grass cell suspensions and immature embryos using the maize ubiquitin-based plasmid pAHC25 . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Töpfer , R. , Gronenborn , B. , Schell , J. and Steinbiss , H. H. 1989 . Uptake and transient expression of chimeric genes in seed-derived embryos . Plant Cell , 1 : 133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trione , E. J. , Jones , L. E. and Metzger , R. J. 1968 . In vitro culture of somatic wheat callus tissue . Am. J. Bot , 55 : 529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuvesson , I. K. D. , Pedersen , S. and Andersen , S. B. 1989 . Nuclear genes affecting albinism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture . Theor. Appl. Genet , 78 : 879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usami , S. , Morikawa , S. , Takebe , I. and Machida , Y. 1987 . Absence in monocotyledonous plants of the diffusible plant factors inducing T-DNA circularization and vir gene expression in Agrobacterium . Mol. Gen. Genet , 209 : 221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usami , S. , Okamoto , S. , Takebe , I. and Machida , Y. 1988 . Factor inducing Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir gene expression is present in monocotyledonous plants . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 85 : 3748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasil , I. K. 1987 . Developing call and tissue culture systems for the improvement of cereal and grass crops . J. Plant Physiol , 128 : 193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasil , I. K. and Vasil , V. 1986 . “ Regeneration in cereal and other grass species ” . In Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetic Variability , Edited by: Vasil , I. K. 121 Orlando , FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vasil , V. , Brown , S. M. , Re , D. , Fromm , M. E. and Vasil , I. K. 1991 . Stably transformed callus lines from microprojectile bombardment of cell suspension cultures of wheat . Biol Technology , 9 : 743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasil , V. , Castillo , A. M. , Fromm , M. E. and Vasil , I. K. 1992 . Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment of regenerable embryogenie callus . Bio/Technology , 10 : 667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasil , V. , Redway , F. and Vasil , I. K. 1990 . Regeneration of plants from embryogenic suspension culture protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Bio/Technology , 8 : 429
   Google Scholar
• Vasil , V. , Srivastava , V. , Castillo , A. M. , Fromm , M. E. and Vasil , I. K. 1993 . Rapid production of transgenic wheat plants by direct bombardment of cultured immature embryos . Bio/Technology , 11 : 1553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , B. K. and Yu , Y. A. 1984 . “ Study of effect of radiation on anther culture in wheat ” . In Application of Atomic Energy in Agriculture Vol. 3 , (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. C. , Chu , C. C. , Sun , C. S. , Wu , S. H. , Yin , K. C. and Hsu , C. 1973 . The androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum) anthers cultured in vitro . Sci. Sin , 16 : 218 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , H. B. , Li , X. H. , Sun , Y. R. , Chen , J. , Zhu , Z. , Fang , R. , Wang , P. and Wei , J. Q. 1990 . Culture of wheat protoplast . Sci. Sin. Ser. B , 33 : 294
   Google Scholar
• Wang , J. J. , Hu , O. F. , Wang , H. M. and Tang , Y. L. 1981 . Studies on increasing the induction frequency of foreign callus in wheat . Hereditas (Beijing) , 1 : 28 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , R. and Chen , Y. P. 1983 . Preliminary study on prediction of height of pollen plant H2 generation in winter wheat grown in field . Acta Agron. Sin , 9 : 283 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang , W. C. and Nguyen , H. T. 1990 . A novel approach for efficient plant regeneration from long-term suspension culture of wheat . Plant Cell Rep , 8 : 639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , W. C. , Shang , X. M. , Yucel , M. and Nguyen , H. T. 1993 . Selection of cultured wheat cells for tolerance to high temperature stress . Crop Sci , 33 : 315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. C. , Klein , T. M. , Fromm , M. , Cao , J. , Sanford , J. C. and Wu , R. 1988 . Transient expression of foreign genes in rice, wheat and soybean cells following particle bombardment . Plant Mol. Biol , 11 : 433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , Z. M. 1982 . Pollen callus culture in Triticum aestivum . Theor. Appl. Genet , 63 : 71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks , J. T. , Blechl , A. E. and Anderson , O. D. 1993 . Bialaphos selection of regenerable wheat callus, In Vitro Cell . Anim. Devel. Biol , 29a ( 3 ) : 64A
   Google Scholar
• Weeks , J. T. , Anderson , O. D. and Blechl , A. E. 1993 . Rapid production of multiple independent lines of fertile transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum) . Plant Physiol , 102 : 1077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernicke , W. and Milkovits , L. 1984 . Developmental gradients in wheat leaves — response of leaf segments in different genotypes cultured in vitro . J. Plant Physiol , 115 : 49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernicke , W. and Milkovits , L. 1986 . The regeneration potential of wheat shoot meristems in the presence and absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid . Protoplasma , 131 : 131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werr , W. and Lörz , H. 1986 . Transient gene expression in a Gramineae cell line. A rapid procedure for studying plant promoters . Mol. Gen. Genet , 202 : 471
   Google Scholar
• Winfield , M. , Davey , M. R. and Karp , A. 1993 . A comparison of chromosome instability in cell suspensions of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats . Heredity , 70 : 187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , J. R. , Walker , L. S. and Klein , T. M. Anthocyanin biosynthesis can be activated in diverse monocot species by regulatory genes from maize . 33rd Annual Maize Genetics Conf. pp. 68 Delavan, WI , , U.S.A.
   Google Scholar
• Woolston , C. J. , Barker , R. , Gunn , H. , Boulton , M. I. and Mullineaux , P. M. 1988 . Agroinfection and nucleotide sequence of cloned wheat dwarf virus DNA . Plant Mol. Biol , 11 : 35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , D. L. 1975 . Preliminary report on wheat haploid breeding research — Changwei Institute of Agricultural Sciences . Chin. J. Bot , 2 : 7 (in Chinese; cited in Ouyang, 1981)
   Google Scholar
• Yang , Y. M. , He , D. G. and Scott , K. J. 1991 . Establishment of embryogenic suspension cultures of wheat by continuous callus selection . Aust. J. Plant Physiol , 18 : 445
   Google Scholar
• Yin , D. C. , Wei , Q. J. , Yu , Q. C. and Weng , L. Effect of gamma radiation on wheat pollen development in anther culture . Proc. Int. Symp. Genetic Manipulation in Crops . London : Published for IRRI and Academia Sinica, Cassell Tycosly .
   Google Scholar
• Yurkova , G. N. , Levenko , B. A. and Novozhilov , O. V. 1981 . Induction of plant regeneration in wheat tissue culture . Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz , 176 : 236
   Google Scholar
• Zaghmout , O. M.-F. and Trolinder , N. L. 1993 . Simple and efficient method for directly electroporating Agrobacterium plasmid DNA into wheat callus cells . Nucl. Acid. Res , 21 : 1048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaghmout , O. M.-F. and Trolinder , N. L. 1993 . Factors affecting transient gene expression in protoplasts isolated from very slowly growing embryogenic callus cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Theor. Appl. Genet , 86 : 721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamora , A. B. and Scott , K. J. 1983 . Callus formation and plant regeneration from wheat leaves . Plant Sci. Lett , 29 : 183
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , B. H. and Meng , X. G. 1982 . Introducing a medium for wheat anther culture . Hereditas (Beijing) , 4 : 31 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. L. and Li , S. 1983 . Anther culture of monosomies in Triticum aestivum . Hereditas (Beijing) , 6 : 7 (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , H. , Zheng , Y. and Konzak , C. F. 1991 . Osmotic potential of media affecting green plant percentage in wheat anther culture . Plant Cell Rep , 10 : 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , H. , Ball , S. T. and Konzak , C. F. 1992 . Functional properties of ficoll and their influence on anther culture responses of wheat . Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture , 30 : 77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , H. , Stiff , C. M. and Konzak , C. F. 1993 . Stably transformed callus of wheat by electroporation-induced direct gene transfer . Plant Cell Rep , 12 : 612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziauddin , A. , Marsolais , A. , Simion , E. and Kasha , K. J. 1992 . Improved plant regeneration from wheat anther and barley microspore culture using phenylacetic acid (PAA) . Plant Cell Rep , 11 : 489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , G. , Dressier , K. and Hess , D. 1990 . Investigations on the anther culturability of four German spring wheat cultivars and me influence of light on regeneration of green vs. albino plants . Plant Breed , 105 : 40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar