Robbery victimization among Asian Americans: a comparison with White and Black Americans

References

• Bachman , R. and Taylor , B. 1994 . The measurement of family violence and rape by the redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey . Justice Quarterly , 11 : 499 – 512 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowes , M. 2009 . “ Police, Asian American community look for answers to robberies ” . In Richmond Times-Dispatch [online] Available from: http://www2.timesdispatch.com/rtd/news/local/article/ASIA15_20090915-004601/292967/ [Accessed 6 June 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Brown , B. 2009 . Assessing the anomalous research on Hispanic victimization: a methodological critique of a victimological enigma . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 24 : 1931 – 1963 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Justice Statistics . 2005 . National Crime Victimization Survey , US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Ann Arbor : Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , T. and O'Rear , C. 1990 . Home invaders: Asian gangs in America . Police Studies , 13 : 154 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Burrow , J. and Apel , R. 2008 . Youth behavior, school structure, and student risk of victimization . Justice Quarterly , 25 : 349 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin , K. 1996 . Chinatown gangs: Extortion, enterprise, and ethnicity , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chin , K. 1999 . Smuggled Chinese: clandestine immigration to the United States , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clogg , C. , Petkova , E. and Haritou , A. 1995 . Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models . American Sociological Review , 100 : 1261 – 1293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. , Cantor , D. and Kluegel , J. 1981 . Robbery victimization in the U.S.: an analysis of a nonrandom event . Social Science Quarterly , 64 : 644 – 657 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. and Felson , M. 1979 . Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach . American Sociological Review , 44 : 588 – 608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conklin , J. 1972 . Robbery and the criminal justice system , Philadelphia : Lippincott .
   Google Scholar
• Endo , R. 1980 . Asian Americans and higher education . Phylon , 41 : 367 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Felson , R. , Baumer , E. and Messner , S. 2000 . Acquaintance robbery . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 37 : 284 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fienberg , S. 1984 . “ The contributions of William Cochran to categorical data analysis ” . In W.G. Cochran's impact on statistics , Edited by: Rao , P.S.R.S. 103 – 118 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Grattet , R. 2009 . The urban ecology of bias crime: a study of disorganized and defended neighborhoods . Social Problems , 56 : 132 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieco , E. 2010 . “ Race and Hispanic origin of the foreign-born population in the United States: 2007 ” . Washington , D.C. : U.S. Bureau of the Census . Available from: www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/acs-11.pdf [Accessed 1 January 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Harrell , E. 2009 . Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander victims of crime. Bureau of Justice Statistics, special report , Washington, DC : US Department of Justice .
   Google Scholar
• Hindelang , M. , Gottfredson , M. and Garofalo , J. 1978 . Victims of personal crime , Cambridge, MA : Ballinger .
   Google Scholar
• Ho , J. 2008 . Community violence exposure of Southeast Asian American adolescents . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 23 : 136 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang , S. , Messner , S. and South , S. 1991 . Predictors of interracial homicide victimization for Asian Americans: a macrostructural opportunity perspective . Sociological Perspectives , 34 : 1 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao , G. , Tienda , M. and Schneider , B. 1996 . Racial and ethnic variation in academic performance . Research in Sociology of Education and Socialization , 11 : 263 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , L. and Forde , D. 1990 . Routine activities and crime: an analysis of victimization in Canada . Criminology , 28 : 137 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauritsen , J. 2001 . The social ecology of violent victimization: individual and contextual effects in the NCVS . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 17 : 3 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauritsen , J. and Schaum , R. 2004 . The social ecology of violence against women . Criminology , 42 : 323 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le , T. and Chan , J. 2001 . Invisible victims: Asian/Pacific Islander youth , Oakland, CA : National Council on Crime and Delinquency .
   Google Scholar
• Lenth , R. 2001 . Some practical guidelines for effective sample-size determination . The American Statistician , 55 : 187 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan , J. , Stowell , J. and Vesselinov , E. 2001 . From many shores: Asians in Census 2000 , Albany : State University of New York, Albany, Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research .
   Google Scholar
• Logan , J. , Zhang , W. and Alba , R. 2002 . Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles . American Sociological Review , 67 : 299 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch , J. 1987 . Routine activity and victimization at work . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 3 : 283 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Massey , D. 1985 . Ethnic residential segregation: a theoretical synthesis and empirical review . Sociology and Social Research , 69 : 315 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• McKinnon , J. 2003 . “ The black population in the United States: March 2002 ” . Washington , D.C. : U.S. Bureau of the Census . Available from: www.census/gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-541.pdf [Accessed 1 January 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Meier, R. and Miethe, T., 1993 Understanding theories of criminal victimizationCrime and Justice: A Review of Research 17, 459–499
   Google Scholar
• Miethe , T. and Drass , K. 1999 . Exploring the social contest of instrumental and expressive homicides: an application of qualitative comparative analysis . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 15 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miethe , T. , Stafford , M. and Long , S. 1987 . Social differentiation in criminal victimization: a test of routine activities/lifestyle theories . American Sociological Review , 52 : 184 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevius , C. 2010 . “ Asian American attacks focus on city hall ” . In San Francisco Chronicle [online] Available from: http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-04-29/bay-area/20878116_1_city-hall-african-americans-asian-americans [Accessed 7 June 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Paternoster , R. 1998 . Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients . Criminology , 36 : 859 – 866 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prashad , C. 2010 . “ Another deliveryman killed: Why it is not just a simple robbery [online]. Asian Pacific Americans for Progress ” . Available from: http://www.apaforprogress.org/another-deliveryman-killed-why-its-not-just-simple-robbery [Accessed 6 June 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Rand , M. and Taylor , B. The National Crime Victimization Survey redesign: new understandings of victimization dynamics and measurement . Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Statistical Association . Aug 13–17 , Orlando , FL .
   Google Scholar
• Reeves , T. and Bennett , C. 2003 . The Asian and Pacific Islander population in the United States: March 2002 , Washington, DC : US Census Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Rennison , C. 2001 . Violent victimization and race, 1993–1998. Bureau of Justice Statistics, special report , Washington, DC : US Department of Justice .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , R. 1986 . “ Crime in cities: the effects of formal and informal social control ” . In Communities and crime , Edited by: Reiss , A. Jr. and Tonry , M. 271 – 311 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . [Special issue of Crime and Justice]
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , R. , Raudenbush , S. and Earls , F. 1997 . Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy . Science , 277 : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson , R. and Wooldredge , J. 1987 . Linking the micro and macro-level dimensions of lifestyle-routine activity and opportunity models of predatory victimization . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 3 : 371 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Shea , K. 2010 . “ Multi-agency effort targets crime against Asian businesses ” . In The Philadelphia Inquirer [online] Available from: http://www.philly.com/inquirer [Accessed 12 Oct 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Shinagawa , L. 2000 . “ Contemporary Asian American socioeconomic status ” . In Asian Americans: experiences and perspectives , Edited by: Fong , T. and Shinagawa , L. 31 – 39 . Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , D. and Jarjoura , G. 1989 . Household characteristics, neighborhood composition and victimization risk . Social Forces , 68 : 621 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , S. 1982 . Victimization in the inner city . British Journal of Criminology , 22 : 386 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , T. 1984 . Estimating nonresponse bias with temporary refusals . Sociological Perspectives , 27 : 473 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St. Jean , P. 2007 . Pockets of crime: broken windows, collective efficacy and the criminal point of view , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sue , S. and Okazaki , S. 1990 . Asian-American educational achievements: a phenomenon in search of an explanation . American Psychologist , 45 : 913 – 920 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tittle , C. 1989 . Influences on urbanism: a test of predictions from three perspectives . Social Problems , 36 : 270 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseloni , A. 2006 . Personal criminal victimization in the U.S.: fixed and random effects of individual and household characteristics . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 16 : 415 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census . 2002 . The Asian population 2000: Census 2000 brief [online] Available from: http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-16.pdf [Accessed 1 Jan 2012]
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census, 2009. Homeownership rates by race and ethnicity of householder: 1994–2009 [online]. Available from: www.census/gov/hhes/www/housing/hvs/annual09/ann09t22.xls [Accessed 1 January 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , A. and Melde , C. 2007 . The effect of self-control on unit and item nonresponse in an adolescent sample . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 44 : 267 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittebrood , K. and Nieuwbeerta , P. 2000 . Criminal victimization during one's life course: the effects of previous victimization and patterns of routine activities . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 37 : 91 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , B. 2008 . Homicide victimization in California: an Asian and Non-Asian comparison . Violence and Victims , 23 : 743 – 757 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie , Y. and Goyette , K. 2003 . Social mobility and the educational choices of Asian Americans . Social Science Research , 32 : 467 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie , Y. and Goyette , K. 2004 . A demographic portrait of Asian Americans , New York and Washington, DC : Russell Sage and Population Reference Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Yule , C. and Griffiths , E. 2009 . Household structure, coupling constraints, and the nonpartner victimization risks of adults . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 46 : 495 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar