Sex offenders and sex offending in the Cambridge study in delinquent development: prevalence, frequency, specialization, recidivism, and (dis)continuity over the life-course

References

• Abel , G. G. and Rouleau , J. L. 1990 . “ The nature and extent of sexual assault ” . In Handbook of sexual assault: issues, theories, and treatment of the offender , Edited by: Marshall , W. L. , Laws , D. R. and Barbaree , H. E. 9 – 20 . New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Beauregard , E. and Lieb , R. 2011 . “ Sex offenders and sex offender policy ” . In Crime and public policy , 2nd ed , Edited by: Wilson , J. Q. and Petersilia , J. 345 – 367 . New York City : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Blumstein , A. eds., 1986 . Criminal careers and “career criminals,” Vol 1 , Report of the Panel on Criminal Careers, National Research Council. Washington , DC : National Academy of Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , M. 2002 . What we do not know about juvenile sexual re-offense risk . Child Maltreatment , 7 : 291 – 302 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLisi , M. and Piquero , A. R. 2011 . New frontiers in criminal careers research, 2000–2011: a state-of-the-art review . Journal of Criminal Justice , 39 : 289 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrington , D. P. 2006 . Criminal careers up to age 50 and life success up to age 48: new findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development , 2nd ed , London : Home Office Research Study No. 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Farrington , D. P. , Coid , J. W. and West , D. J. 2009 . The development of offending from age 8 to age 50: recent results from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development . Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform (Journal of Criminology and Penal Reform) , 92 : 160 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furby , L. , Weinrott , M. R. and Blackshaw , L. 1989 . Sex offender recidivism: a review . Psychological Bulletin , 105 : 3 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan , M. P. and Gust-Brey , K. L. 1999 . A ten‐year longitudinal study of adolescent rapists upon return to the community . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 43 : 448 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan , M. P. 2001 . Eight‐year comparative analyses of adolescent rapists, adolescent child molesters, other adolescent delinquents, and the general population . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 45 : 314 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , G.C.N. 1995 . Sexual offender recidivism revisited. A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 63 ( 5 ) : 802 – 809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R.K. , Scott , H. and Steffy , R.A. 1995 . A comparison of child molesters and nonsexual criminals: risk predictors and long-term recidivism . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 32 ( 3 ) : 325 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. and Bussière , M.T. 1998 . Predicting relapse: a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 66 : 348 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. 2002 . First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 14 : 169 – 194 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. and Morton-Bourgon , K. E. 2005 . The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of recidivism studies . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 73 : 1154 – 1163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. 2009 . The principles of effective correctional treatment also apply to sexual offenders: a meta-analysis . Criminal Justice & Behavior , 36 : 865 – 891 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , D. A. 2009 . Specialization and versatility in sexual offenders referred for civil commitment . Journal of Criminal Justice , 37 : 37 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings , W. G. 2011 . “ Assessing the (Dis)continuity of sex offending over the life-course: evidence from two large birth cohort studies ” . In Sex offenders: a criminal career approach , Edited by: Blokland , A. A.J. and Lussier , P. Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Jennings , W. G. , Zgoba , K. and Tewksbury , R. in press . A comparative longitudinal analysis of recidivism trajectories and collateral consequences for sex and non-sex offenders released since the implementation of sex offender registration and community notification . Journal of Crime & Justice ,
   Google Scholar
• Langan , P. A. , Schmitt , E. L. and Durose , M. R. 2003 . Recidivism of sex offenders released from prison in 1994 (NCJ 198281) , Washington , DC : Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Lasher , M. P. and McGrath , R. J. 2012 . The impact of community notification on sex offender reintegration: a quantitative review of the research literature . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 56 : 6 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letourneau , E. J. 2009 . The influence of sex offender registration on juvenile sexual recidivism . Criminal Justice Policy Review , 20 : 136 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Levenson , J. S. 2007 . Public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies . Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy , 7 : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Levenson , J.S. 2009 . “ Sex offender residence restrictions ” . In Sex offender policies , Edited by: Wright , Robert G. 267 – 290 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Losel , F. and Schmucker , M. 2005 . The effectiveness of treatment for sex offenders: a comprehensive meta-analysis . Journal of Experimental Criminology , 1 : 117 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Lussier , P. , LeBlanc , M. and Proulx , J. 2005 . The generality of criminal behavior: a confirmatory factor analysis of the criminal activity of sex offenders in adulthood . Journal of Criminal Justice , 33 : 177 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lussier , P. , Proulx , J. and LeBlanc , M. 2005 . Criminal propensity, deviant sexual interests and criminal activity of sexual aggressors against women: a comparison of explanatory models . Criminology , 43 : 249 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques , J. K. 2005 . Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: final results from California's Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP) . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 17 : 79 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann , K. and Lussier , P. 2008 . Antisociality, sexual deviance, and sexual reoffending in juvenile sex offenders: a meta-analytical investigation . Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , 6 : 363 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parton , F. and Day , A. 2002 . Empathy, intimacy, loneliness and locus of control in child sex offenders: a comparison between familial and non-familial child sexual offenders . Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , 11 : 41 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piquero , A. R. , Farrington , D. P. and Blumstein , A. 2003 . “ The criminal career paradigm ” . In Crime and justice: a review of research, volume 30 , Edited by: Tonry , M. 359 – 506 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Piquero , A.R. , Farrington , D.P. and Blumstein , A. 2007 . Key issues in criminal career research: new analyses from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development , 9 – 20 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Piquero , A. R. 2008 . Uncollaring the criminal: understanding criminal careers of criminal clerics . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 35 : 583 – 599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piquero , N. L. and Weisburd , D. 2009 . “ Developmental trajectories of white-collar crime ” . In The criminology of white-collar crime , Edited by: Simpson , Sally S. and Weisburd , David . 153 – 171 . NewYork , NY : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Prentky , R. A. 1997 . Recidivism rates among child molesters and rapists: a methodological analysis . Law and Human Behavior , 21 : 635 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescott , J. J. and Rockoff , J. E. 2011 . Do sex offender registration and notification laws affect criminal behavior . Journal of Law and Economics , 54 : 161 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , M. E. and Harris , G. T. 2003 . “ The size and sign of treatment effects in sex offender therapy ” . In Sexually coercive behavior: understanding and management , Edited by: Prentky , R. A. , Janus , E. S. and Seto , M. C. 428 – 440 . New York : Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Sample , L. L. and Bray , T. M. 2003 . Are sex offenders dangerous? . Criminology & Public Policy , 3 : 59 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Sipe , R. , Jensen , E. L. and Everette , R. S. 1998 . Adolescent sexual offenders grown up: recidivism in young adulthood . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 25 : 109 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry , K. J. and Ackerman , A. R. 2009 . “ A brief history of major sex offender laws ” . In Sex offender laws: failed policies, new directions , Edited by: Wright , R. G. 65 – 98 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Tewksbury , R. and Jennings , W. G. 2010 . Assessing the impact of sex offender registration and community notification on sex offending trajectories . Criminal Justice & Behavior , 37 : 570 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewksbury , R. , Jennings , W. G. and Zgoba , K. in press . A longitudinal examination of sex offender recidivism prior to and following the implementation of SORN . Behavioral Sciences & the Law ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandiver , D. M. 2006 . A prospective analysis of juvenile male sex offenders: characteristics and recidivism rates as adults . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 21 : 673 – 688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waite , D. 2005 . Juvenile sex offender re-arrest rates for sexual, violent nonsexual and property crimes: a 10‐year follow-up . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 17 : 313 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisburd , D. and Waring , E. 2001 . White-collar crime and criminal careers , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zgoba , K. , Levenson , J. and McKee , T. 2009 . Examining the impact of sex offender residence restrictions on housing availability . Criminal Justice Policy Review , 20 : 91 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Zimring , F. E. 2004 . An American travesty: legal responses to adolescent sexual offending , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zimring , F. E. , Piquero , A. R. and Jennings , W. G. 2007 . Sexual delinquency in Racine: does early sex offending predict later sex offending in youth and young adulthood? . Criminology & Public Policy , 6 : 507 – 534 .
   Google Scholar
• Zimring , F. E. 2009 . Investigating the continuity of sex offending: evidence from the Second Philadelphia Birth Cohort . Justice Quarterly , 26 : 58 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar