Immunohistochemical Detection of Hepatic CEA+ Cells: Hepatic Tumor Cell Dissemination in Colorectal Cancer Patients—Limits of Surgery?

REFERENCES

• Jemal, A.; Murray, T.; Ward, E.; Samuels, A.; Tiwari, R.C.; Ghafoor, A.; Feuer, E.J.; Thun, M.J. Cancer statistics 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005, 55, 10–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renehan, A.G.; Egger, M.; Saunders, M.P.; O’Dwyer, S.T. Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2002, 324, 813–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penna, C.; Nordlinger, B.. Colorectal metastasis (liver and lung). Surg Clin North Am 2002, 82, 1075–1090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallari, A.; Vivarelli, M.; Bellusci, R.; Montalti, R.; De Ruvo, N.; Cucchetti, A.; De Vivo, A.; De Raffele, E.; Salone, M. La Barba, G. Liver metastases from colorectal cancer: present surgical approach. Hepatogastroenterol 2003, 50, 2067–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeck, D.; Bachellier, P.; Guiguet, M.; Boudjema, K.; Vaillant, J.C.; Balladur, P.; Nordlinger, B. Long term survival following resection of colorectal hepatic metastatic metastases. Br J Surg 1997, 84, 977–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choti, M.A.; Sitzmann, J.V.; Tiburi, M.F.; Sumetchotimetha, W.; Rangsin, R.; Schulick, R.D.; Lillemoe, K.D.; Yeo, C.J.; Cameron, J.L. Trends in long term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2002, 235, 759–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinson, C.W.; Wright, J.K.; Chapman, W.C.; Garrard, C.L.; Blair, T.K.; Sawyers, J.L. Repeat hepatic surgery for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Ann Surg 1996, 223, 765–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong, Y.; Cohen, A.M.; Fortner, J.G.; Eucker, W.E.; Turnbull, A.D.; Coit, D.G.; Marreo, A.M.; Prasad, M.; Blumgart, L.H.; Brennab, M.F. Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 1997, 15, 938–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cady, B.; Jenkins, R.L.; Steele, G.D.; Lewis, W.D.; Stone, M.D.; McDermott, W.V.; Jessup, J.M.; Bothe, A.; Lalor, P.; Lovett, E.J.; Cavin, P.; Linehan, D.C. Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: a critical and improvable determinant of outcome. Ann Surg 1998, 227, 566–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirabe, K.; Takenaka, K.; Gion, T.; Fujiwara, Y.; Shiamda, M.; Yanaga, K.; Maeda, T.; Kajiiyama, K.; Sugimachi, K. Analysis of prognostic risk factors in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma with spezial reference to the surgical margin. Br J Surg 1997, 84, 1077–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam, R.; Delvart, V.; Pascal, G.; Valeanu, A.; Castaing, D.; Azonlay, D.; Giacchetti, S.; Paule, B.; Kunstlinger, F.; Ghemard, O.; Levi, F.; Bismuth, H. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 2004, 240, 644–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawlik, T.M.; Scoggins, C.R.; Zorzi, D.; Abdalla, E.K.; Andres, A.; Eug, C.; Curley, S.A.; Coyer, E.M.; Muratore, A.; Mentha, G.; Capussotti, L.; Vanthey, J.N. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2005, 241, 715–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redston, M.; Compton, C.C.; Miedema, B.W.; Niedzwiecki, D.; Dowell, J.M.; Jewell, S.D.; Fleshman, J.M.; Bern, J.; Mayer, R.J.; Bergtagnolli, M.M. Leukemia Group B Trial 80001. Analysis of micrometastatic disease in sentinel lymph nodes from resectable colon cancer: results of cancer and leukemia group B trial 80001. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24, 878–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doekhie, F.S.; Kuppen, P.J.; Peeters, K.C.; Mesher, W.E.; van Soest, R.A.; Morreau, H. van de Velde, C.J.; Tanke, H.J.; Tollenaar, R.A. Prognostic relevance of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006, 32, 253–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann, T.; Schlimok, G.; Dirschedl, P.; Witte, J.; Riethmuller, G. Prognostic significance of meicrometastatic tumor cells in bone marrow of colorectal cancer patients. Lancet 1992, 340, 685–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conzelmann, M.; Dieterle, C.; Linnemann, U.; Berger, M.R. Cytokeratin 20 and guanyly cyclase C mRNA is largely present in lymph nodes and liver specimens of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2003, 107, 617–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conzelmann, M.; Linnemann, U.; Berger, M.R. Molecular detection of clinical colorectal cancer metastasis: how should multiple markers be put to use?. Int J Colorectal Dis 2005, 20, 137–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpelan-Holmstrom, M.; Louhimo, J.; Stenman, U.H.; Alfthan, H.; Jarvinen, H.; Haglund, C. CEA, CA 242, CA 19-9, Ca 72-4 and hCGbeta in the diagnosis of recurrent colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2004, 25, 228–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, M.J. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a marker for colorectal cancer: is it clinically useful?. Clin Chem 2001, 47, 624–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nap, M.; Hammarström, M.L.; Börmer, O.; Hammarström, S.; Wagener, C.; Handt, S.; Schreyer, M.; Mach, J.P.; Buchegger, F.; von Kleist, S. Specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen. Cancer Res 1992, 52, 2329–2339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobin, L.H.; Wittekind, Ch. ( eds.). TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 6th edition. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, S.M.; Raine, L. Protein A, avidin and biotin in immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 1981, 29, 1349–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoubir, F.; Zeromski, J.; Sikora, J.; Szmeja, J.; Hedin, A.; Hammarstrom, S. Tumor specificity of monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen. Immunohistochemical analysis. Tumour Biol 1990, 11, 5–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, J.; Sugihara, K.; Kosuge, T.; Yamasaki, S.; Moriya, Y.; Sugihara, K. Pathologic support for limited hepatectomy in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 1995, 221, 74–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E.L.; Meier, P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Statist Assoc 1958, 53, 457–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlsson, B.; Stenram, U.; Tranberg, K.G. Resection of colorectal liver metastases: 25-year experience. World J Surg 1998, 22, 268–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong, Y.; Fortner, J.; Sun, R.L.; Brennab, M.F.; Blumgart, L.H. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 1999, 230, 309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mala, T.; Bohler, G.; Matthisen, O.; Bergan, A.; Soreide, O. Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: can preoperative scoring predict outcome?. World J Surg 2002, 26, 1348–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tocchi, A.; Mazzoni, G.; Brozzetti, S.; Miccini, M.; Cassini, D.; Bettelli, E. Hepatic resection in satge IV colorectal cancer: prognostic predictors of outcome. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004, 19, 580–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, M.; Kienle, P.; Hinz, U.; Antolovic, D.; Schmidt, J.; Herfarth, C. von Knoebel Doeberitz, M.; Weitz, J. Detection of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination predicts tumor relapse in patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 2005, 241, 199–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster, R.; Max, N.; Mann, B.; Heufelder, K.; Thilo, F.; Gröne, J.; Rokos, F.; Buhr, H.J. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer using different mRNA markers. Int J Cancer 2004, 108, 219–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoyama, N.; Shirai, Y.; Ajioka, Y.; Nagakura, S.; Suda, T.; Hatakeyama, K. Immunohistochemically detected hepatic micrometastases predict a high risk of intrahepatic recurrence after resection of colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Cancer 2002, 94, 1642–1647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, R.; Freels, S. Hepatic artery adjuvant chemotherapy for patients having resection or ablation of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver (Review). Cochrane Database Syt Rev 2004, CD003770.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, P.; Chen, Z.; Huang, W.; Liu, L. Current preventive treatment for recurrence after curative hepatectomy for liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma: a literature review of randomized control trials. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11, 3817–3822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, C.A. The systemic progression of human cancer: a focus on the individual disseminated cancer cell—the unit of selection. Adv Cancer Res 2003, 89, 35–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, C.A. The biology and analysis of single disseminated tumour cells. Trends Cell Biol 2000, 10, 489–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar