An Exploratory Study of Adolescent Female Reactions to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: The Case of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine

REFERENCES

• American Cancer Society . ( 2009 ). Cancer facts & figures for African Americans 2009–2010 . Atlanta , GA : American Cancer Society .
   Google Scholar
• Applebaum , M. ( 2007 ). Marketer of the year: Beverly Lybrand . Brandweek , 48 ( 36 ), S34 – S37 .
   Google Scholar
• Baer , H. , Allen , S. , & Braun , L. ( 2000 ). Knowledge of human papillomavirus infection among young adult men and women: Implications for health education and research . Journal of Community Health , 25 ( 1 ), 67 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball , J. G. , Liang , A. , & Lee , W. ( 2009 ). Representation of African Americans in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical commercials: A content analysis with implications for health disparities . Health Marketing Quarterly , 26 , 372 – 390 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berndt , E. R. ( 2005 ). To inform or persuade? Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs . New England Journal of Medicine , 352 , 325 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , D. , Shew , M. , Qadadri , B. , Neptune , N. , Vargas , M. , & Tu , W. , … Fortenberry, J. ( 2005 ). A longitudinal study of genital human papillomavirus infection in a cohort of closely followed adolescent women . Journal of Infectious Diseases , 191 , 182 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 2005 ). Public health: High hopes and dilemmas for a cervical cancer vaccine . Science , 308 ( 5722 ), 618 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn , L. D. , Macfarlane , C. , Yanez , C. , & Imai , W. ( 1995 ). Risk perceptions: Differences between adolescents and adults . Health Psychology , 14 , 217 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza , J. R. , Wellman , R. J. , Sargent , J. D. , Weitzman , M. J. , Hipple , B. J. , & Winkoff , J. P. ( 2006 ). Tobacco promotion and the initiation of tobacco use: Assessing the evidence for causality . Pediatrics , 117 , 1237 – 1248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , D. , Kravitz-Wirtz , N. , Breen , N. , Tiro , J. , & Tsui , J. ( 2009 ). One in four California adolescent girls have had human papillomavirus vaccination. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Grier , S. A. , and Kumanyika , S. ( 2010 ). Targeted marketing and public health . The Annual Review of Public Health , 31 ( 11 ), 1 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herskovits , B. ( 2007 ). Brand of the year . Pharmaceutical Executive , 27 ( 2 ), 58 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoover , D. R. , Carfioli , B. , & Moench , E. A. ( 2000 ). Attitudes of adolescent/young adult women toward human papillomavirus vaccination and clinical trials . Health Care for Women International , 21 , 375 – 391 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IMS Health . ( 2005 ). Total U.S. promotional spend by type, 2005. Retrieved from http://imshealth.com/imsprotal/front/articleC/O
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , J. , Lan , D. , & Kahn , R. ( 2007 ). Sociodemographic factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 110 ( 1 ), 87 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation . ( 2011 ). Understanding the effects of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising . Menlo Park , CA : Kaiser Family Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Kaphingst , K. , Rudd , R. , Dejong , W. , & Daltroy , L. ( 2005 ). Comprehension of information in three direct-to-consumer television prescription drug advertisements among adults with limited literacy . Journal of Health Communication , 10 , 609 – 619 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , B. , Leader , A. , Mittermaier , D. , Hornik , R. , & Cappella , J. ( 2009 ). The HPV vaccine and the media: How has the topic been covered and what are the effects on knowledge about the virus and cervical cancer? Patient Education and Counseling , 77 , 308 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys , T. R. , Morant , K. M. , & Stroman , C. A. (2009). Black youth's personal involvement in the HIV/AIDS issue: Does the public service announcement still work? Journal of Health Communication , 14, 189–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanfar , N. , Loudon , D. , & Sircar-Ramsewak , F. ( 2007 ). FDA direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs: What are consumer preferences and response tendencies? Health Marketing Quarterly , 24 ( 1/2 ), 77 – 91 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klug , S. , Hukelmann , M. , & Blettner , M. ( 2008 ). Knowledge about infection with human papillomavirus: A systematic review . Preventive Medicine , 46 ( 2 ), 87 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koulova , A. , Tsui , J. , Irwin , K. , Van Damme , P. , Biellik , R. , & Aguado , M. ( 2008 ). Country recommendations on the inclusion of HPV vaccines in national immunization programmes among high-income countries, June 2006-January 2008 . Vaccine , 26 , 6529 – 6541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravitz , R. L. , Epstein , R. M. , Feldman , M. D. , Franz , C. E. , Azari , R. , Wilkes , M. S. , …Franks, P. ( 2005 ). Influence of patients' requests for direct-to-consumer advertised antidepressants . Journal of the American Medical Association , 293 , 1995 – 2002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowitz , L. , Dunne , E. , Saraiya , M. , Lawson , H. , Chesson , H. , & Unger , E. ( 2007 ). Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR Recommendations and Reports 2007 , 56 ( RR-2 ), 1 – 24 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathur , M. , Mathur , V. , & Reichling , D. ( 2010 ). Participation in the decision to become vaccinated against human papillomavirus by California high school girls and the predictors of vaccine status . Journal of Pediatric Health Care , 24 ( 1 ), 14 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mays , R. M. , Zimet , G. D. , Winston , Y. , Kee , R. , Dickes , J. , & Su , L. ( 2000 ). Human papillomavirus, genital warts, Pap smears, and cervical cancer: Knowledge and beliefs of adolescent and adult women . Health Care for Women International , 21 , 361 – 374 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merck, and Co., Inc. ( 2006 , November 13) . Merck launches national advertising campaign for Gardasil, Merck's new cervical cancer vaccine . Whitehouse Station , NJ : Author .
   Google Scholar
• McCree , D. H. , Sharpe , P. A. , Brandt , H. M. , & Robertson , R. ( 2006 ). Preferences for sources of information about abnormal Pap tests and HPV in women tested for HPV . Preventive Medicine , 43 , 165 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , L. , Mazis , M. , & Brinberg , D. ( 1989 ). Risk disclosures in televised prescription drug advertising to consumers . Journal of Public Policy and Marketing , 8 , 64 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosavel , M. , and El-Shaarawi , N. ( 2007 ). “I have never heard of that one”: Young girls' knowledge and perception of cervical cancer . Journal of Health Communication , 12 , 707 – 719 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz , N. , Castellsague , X. , de Gonzales , A. , & Gissmann , L. ( 2006 ). Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer . Vaccine , 24 ( 3 ), S1 – S10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America . ( 2005 ). Guiding principles: Direct to consumer advertisements about prescription medicines. http://www.phrma.org/publications/policy_papers/phrma_dtc_guiding_principles
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , Z. , Johnson , S. , Avis , M. , & Whynes , D. K. ( 2003 ). Human papillomavirus and the value of screening: Young women's knowledge of cervical cancer . Health Education Research , 18 , 318 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierpaoli , P. (1995). ASHP position on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy , 43, 1763–1766.
   Google Scholar
• Polen , H. H. , Khanfar , N. M. , & Clauson , K. A. ( 2009 ). Impact of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) on patient health-related behaviors and issues . Health Marketing Quarterly , 26 ( 1 ), 42 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , A. R. , Hohmann , K. B. , Rifkin , J. I. , Topp , D. , Gilroy , C. M. , Pickard , J. A. , & Anderson , R. J. ( 2004 ). Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising: Physician and public opinion and potential effects on the physician-patient relationship . Archives of Internal Medicine , 164 , 427 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schommer , J. C. , Singh , M. S. , & Hansen , R. A. ( 2005 ). Distinguishing characteristics of patients who seek more information or request a prescription in response to direct-to-consumer advertisements . Research in Social Administrative Pharmacy , 1 , 231 – 250 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shikary , T. , Bernstein , D. , Jin , Y. , Zimet , G. , Rosenthal , S. , & Kahn , J. ( 2009 ). Epidemiology and risk-factors for human papillomavirus infection in a diverse sample of low-income young women . Journal of Clinical Virology , 46 , 107 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokley , S. , Dorell , C. , & Yankey , D. ( 2009 ). National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13–17 years—United States, 2008 . MMWR , 58 , 997 – 1001 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumpradit , N. , Fors , S. W. , & McCormick , L. ( 2002 ). Consumers' attitudes and behavior toward prescription drug advertising . American Journal of Health Behavior , 26 ( 1 ), 68 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarkowski , T. , Koumans , E. , Sawyer , M. , Pierce , A. , Black , C. , Papp , J. R. , … Unger , E. R. ( 2004 ). Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and abnormal cytologic test results in an urban adolescent population . Journal of Infectious Diseases , 189 ( 1 ), 46 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau . ( 2010 ). Poverty status in 1999 by age and by household type. U.S. Census 2000, Summary File 3. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MetadataBrowserServlet?type=DTtable&id=DEC_2000_SF3_U&table=DEC_2000_SF3_U_P089&_lang=en
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration . ( 2004 , November 22) . FDA talking tough on DTC: Is Viagra letter first of many? [Pink sheet] . Chevy Chase , MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration . ( 2009 , October 16) . FDA Approves New Vaccine for Prevention of Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm187048.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wakefield , M. , Flay , B. , Nichter , M. , & Giovino , G. ( 2003 ). The role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking . Addiction , 98 , S79 – S103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman , R. J. , Sugarman , D. B. , DiFranza , J. R. , & Winkoff , J. P. ( 2006 ). The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco: A meta-analysis . Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , 160 , 1285 – 1296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzel , C. , Tissot , A. , Kollar , L. , Hillard , P. , Stone , R. , & Kahn , J. ( 2007 ). Development of an HPV educational protocol for adolescents . Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology , 20 , 281 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkes , M. S. , Bell , R. A. , & Kravitz , R. L. ( 2000 ). Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising: Trends, impact, and implications . Health Affairs , 19 , 110 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar