Extraction of Caprolactam with Toluene in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column–Part III: Mass Transfer Characteristics

References

• Alessi , V. , Penzo , R. , Slater , M. J. and Tessari , R. 1997 . Caprolactam production: A comparison of different layouts of the liquid‐liquid extraction section . Chem. Eng. Tech. , 20 : 445 – 454 .
   Google Scholar
• Prochazka , J. , Landau , J. , Souhrada , F. and Heyberger , A. 1971 . Reciprocating‐plate extraction column . British Chem. Eng. , 16 : 42 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie , F. , Zhu , M. , Liu , J. and He , C. 2002 . Extraction of caprolactam from aqueous ammonium sulfate solution in pulsed packed column using 250Y Mellapak packing . Chinese J. Chem. Eng. , 10 : 677 – 680 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , J. , Xie , F. , He , C. and Zhu , M. 2002 . Recovery of Caprolactam from waste water in caprolactam production using pulsed‐sieve‐plate extraction column . Chinese J. Chem. Eng. , 10 : 371 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Vasin , A. A. and Legochkina , L. A. 1989 . Extraction of Caprolactam from an ammonium sulfate solution in a vibrating plate column . Khim. Prom‐st. , 21 : 900 – 903 .
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , H. R.C. 1998 . Current and potential developments in methods for the scale‐up and design of column extractors . Min. Pro. Ext. Met. Rev. , 18 : 215 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , H. R.C. , Stevens , G. W. and Axial , Dispersion . 1992 . Science and Practise of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Edited by: Thornton , J. D. 416 – 491 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jahya , A. B. , Stevens , G. W. and Pratt , H. R.C. . Mass Transfer Studies for a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Extraction Column . Proceedings of the International Congress on Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy , pp. 281 – 284 . Melbourne : Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy .
   Google Scholar
• Kumar , A. and Hartland , S. 1996 . Unified correlations for the prediction of drop size in liquid‐liquid extraction columns . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 35 : 2682 – 2695 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , A. and Hartland , S. 1995 . A. Unified correlation for the prediction of dispersed‐phase hold‐up in liquid‐liquid extraction columns . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 34 : 3925 – 3940 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Khani , S. D. , Gourdon , C. and Gasamatta , G. 1988 . Simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer of a disks and rings pulsed column . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 27 : 329 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toutain , J. , Le Lann , J. M. , Gourdon , C. and Joulia , X. 1998 . Maxwell‐Stefan approach coupled drop population model for the dynamic simulation of liquid‐liquid extraction pulsed column . Comp. Chem. Eng. , 22 ( Suppl. ) : S379 – S386 .
   Google Scholar
• Aoun Nabli , M. S. , Guiraud , P. and Gourdon , C. 1998 . CFD Contribution to a design procedure for discs and doughnuts extraction columns . Trans. IChemE. , 76 : 951 – 960 .
   Google Scholar
• Aoun Nabli , M. S. , Guiraud , P. and Gourdon , C. 1997 . Numerical experimentation: A tool to calculate the axial dispersion coefficient in discs and doughnuts pulsed extraction columns . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 52 : 2353 – 2368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin‐Monnier , N. , Guiraud , P. and Gourdon , C. 2003 . Residence time distribution of droplets within discs and doughnuts pulsed extraction columns via Langrangian experiments and simulations . Chem. Eng. J. , 94 : 241 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin‐Monnier , N. , Guiraud , P. and Gourdon , C. 2003 . Langrangian simulations contribution to the knowledge of discs and doughnuts pulsed solvent extraction columns hydrodynamics . Chem. Eng. Proc. , 42 : 503 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafez , M. M. , Baird , M. H.I. and Nirdosh , I. 1979 . Flooding and axial dispersion in reciprocating plate columns . Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 57 : 150 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner , L. 1986 . Mass‐Transfer rates from single drops and drop swarms . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 41 : 1979 – 1986 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , A. and Hartland , S. 1999 . Correlations for prediction of mass transfer coefficients in single drop systems and liquid‐liquid extraction columns . Trans. IChemE. , 77 : 372 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• van Delden , M. L. , Kuipers , N. J.M. and de Haan , A. B. 2004 . Liquid‐liquid equilibria and physical properties of the quaternary system water+caprolactam+ammonium sulfate+benzene and toluene . J. Chem. Eng. Data , 49 : 1760 – 1770 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird , M. H.I. and Shen , Z. J. 1984 . Holdup and flooding in reciprocating plate extraction columns . Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 62 : 218 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternling , C. V. and Scriven , L. E. 1959 . Interfacial Turbulence: Hydrodynamic Instability and the marangoni effect . AIChE J. , 5 : 514 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar