900
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Review on the Recent Developments in the Solvent Extraction of Zinc

&
Pages 375-404 | Received 12 Sep 2007, Accepted 22 Jan 2008, Published online: 16 Jul 2008

REFERENCES

  • Cole , P. M. and Sole , K. C. 2003 . Zinc solvent extraction in the process industries. . Mineral Processing & Extractive Metall. Rev , 24 : 91 – 137 .
  • Qin , W. , Li , W. , Lan , Z. and Qiu , G. 2007 . Simulated small‐scale pilot plant heap leaching of low‐grade oxide zinc ore with integrated selective extraction of zinc. . Minerals Engineering , 20 (7) : 694 – 700 .
  • Nathsarmaa , K. C. and Devi , N. 2006 . Separation of Zn(II) and Mn(II) from sulphate solutions using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and CYANEX 272. . Hydrometallurgy , 84 (3–4) : 149 – 154 .
  • Alamdari , E. K. , Moradkhanib , D. , Darvishib , D. , Askarib , M. and Behnianc , D. 2004 . Synergistic effect of MEHPA on co‐extraction of zinc and cadmium with DEHPA. . Minerals Engineering , 17 (1) : 89 – 92 .
  • Lan , Z. Y. , Hu , Y. H. , Liu , J. S. and Wang , J. 2005 . Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from bioleaching solutions with LIX984 and D2EHPA. . Journal of Central South University of Technology (English Edition) , 12 (1) : 45 – 49 .
  • Mellah , A. and Benachourb , D. 2006 . The solvent extraction of zinc and cadmium from phosphoric acid solution by di‐2‐ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid in kerosene diluent. . Chemical Engineering and Processing , 45 (8) : 684 – 690 .
  • Ocio , A. and Elizalde , M. P. 2003 . Zinc(II) extraction from phosphoric media by bis (2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (CYANEX 301). . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 21 (2) : 259 – 271 .
  • Devi , N. B. , Nathsarma , K. C. and Chakravortty , V. Solvent extraction of zinc(II) using sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and CYANEX 272 in kerosene. Proc. Mineral Processing: Recent Advances and Future Trends , Edited by: Mehrotra , S. P and Sekhar , R . pp. 537 – 547 .
  • Devi , N. B. , Nathsarma , K. C. and Chakravortty , V. 1997 . Liquid–liquid extraction of manganese(II) with binary mixtures of sodium salts of D2EHPA, PC88A and CYANEX 272. . Solvent Extraction Research and Development Japan , 4 : 117 – 128 .
  • Devi , N. B. , Nathsarma , K. C. and Chakravortty , V. 1997 . Extraction and separation of Mn(II) and Zn(II) from sulphate solutions by sodium salt of CYANEX 272. . Hydrometallurgy , 45 (1–2) : 169 – 179 .
  • Nayak , A. K. , Mishra , P. K. , Panda , C. R. and Chakravortty , V. 1995 . Solvent extraction of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) by CYANEX 272, 301 and 302 extractants. . Indian Journal of Chemical Technology , 2 (2) : 111 – 112 .
  • Ismael , M. R. C. and Carvalho , J. M. R. 2003 . Iron recovery from sulphate leach liquors in zinc hydrometallurgy. . Minerals Engineering , 16 : 31 – 39 .
  • Deep , A. , Correia , P. F. M. and Carvalho , J. M. R. 2006 . Separation and recovery of Fe(III) and Cr(III) from a tannery filtrate using CYANEX 272. . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research , 45 (9) : 3200 – 3206 .
  • Riveros , P. A. , Dutrizac , J. E. , Benguerel , E. and Houlachi , G. 1998 . The recovery of iron from zinc sulphate‐sulphuric acid processing solutions by solvent extraction or ion exchange. . Min. Pro. Ext. Met. Rev , 18 : 105 – 145 .
  • Demopoulos , G. P. and Gefvert , D. L. 2006 . Iron(III) removal from base‐metal electrolyte solutions by solvent extraction. . Hydrometallurgy , 12 (3) : 299 – 315 .
  • Majima , H. , Izaki , T. and Sanuki , S. 1985 . Reductive stripping of Fe(III)‐loaded D2EHPA with the aqueous solutions containing sulfur dioxide. . Metallurgical Transactions B Process Metallurgy , 16B (2) : 187 – 194 .
  • Lupi , C. and Pilone , D. 2000 . Reductive stripping in vacuum of Fe(III) from D2EHPA. . Hydrometallurgy , 57 (3) : 201 – 207 .
  • Moats , M. S. , Chang , C.‐M. and O'Keefe , T. J. Recovery of zinc from residues by SX‐galvanic stripping process. Third International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials , Edited by: Queneau , P. B and Peterson , R. D . pp. 545 – 562 . Warrendale, PA : The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society .
  • Barrera Godínez , J. A. , Sun , J. , O'Keefe , T. J. and James , S. E. 2000 . “ The galvanic stripping treatment of zinc residues for marketable iron product recovery. ” . In Lead‐Zinc 2000 , Edited by: Dutrizac , J. E , Gonzalez , J. A , Henke , D. M , James , S. E and Siegmund , A. H.‐J . 763 – 778 . Warrendale, PA : The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society .
  • O'Keefe , T. , O'Keefe , M. , Fang , R. , Sun , J. and Dahlgren , E. Novel electrochemical processing using conventional organic solvents. Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference, ISEC 2002, vol. 1 , Edited by: Sole , K. C , Cole , P. M , Preston , J. S and Robinson , D. J . pp. 459 – 466 . Johannesburg, , South Africa : South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy .
  • Van Weert , G. , van Sandwijk , T. and Hogeweg , P. 1998 . Solvent extraction of ferric iron from zinc sulphate solutions with DEHPA ‐ investigation of nitric acid as stripping agent. . TMS Annual Meeting , : 245 – 266 .
  • Li , J. and Jiang , S. 1996 . Hydrometallurgical treatment of high‐iron zinc ore. . Guizhou Gongxueyuan Xuebao , 25 (1) : 48 – 52 .
  • Hirato , T. , Wu , Z‐C. , Yamada , Y. and Majima , H. 1992 . Improvement of the stripping characteristics of Fe(III) utilizing a mixture of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri‐n‐butyl phosphate. . Hydrometallurgy , 28 (1) : 81 – 93 .
  • Shuqui , Y. , Zhichun , W. and Chen , J. 1986 . “ Iron removal from sulphuric acid solutions by solvent extraction with mixtures of extractants. ” . In Iron Control in Hydrometallurgy , Edited by: Dutrizac , J. E and Monhemius , A. J . 334 – 352 . Chichester, , UK : Ellis Horwood .
  • Ismael , M. R. C. 1999 . “ Iron removal by liquid‐liquid extraction. ” . In Ph.D. Thesis , Portugal : Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon .
  • Santos , S. M. C. , Ismael , M. R. C. , Correia , P. F. M. , Correia , M. J. N. , Reis , M. T. A. , Deep , A. and Carvalho , J. M. R. 2006 . “ Extraction of iron and other metals from a zinc sulphide leach solution. ” . In Iron Control Technologies , Edited by: Dutrizac , J. E and Riveros , P. A . 557 – 569 . Montréal, Québec, Canada : Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum .
  • Principe , F. and Demopoulos , G. P. 2004 . Comparative study of iron(III) separation from zinc sulphate‐sulphuric acid solutions using the organophosphorus extractants, OPAP and D2EHPA. Part I: Extraction. . Hydrometallurgy , 74 (1–2) : 93 – 102 .
  • Principe , F. and Demopoulos , G. P. 2005 . Comparative study of iron(III) separation from zinc sulphate‐sulphuric acid solutions using organophosphorus extractants, OPAP and D2EHPA: Part II. Stripping. . Hydrometallurgy , 79 (3–4) : 97 – 109 .
  • Steemson , M. L. , Sheehan , G. J. , Winborne , D. A. and Wong , F. S. 1994 . An integrated bioleach/solvent extraction process for zinc metal production from zinc concentrates. PCT World Patent WO 94/28184
  • Steemson , M. L. , Wong , F. S. and Goebel , B. The integration of zinc bioleaching with solvent extraction for the production of zinc metal from zinc concentrates. Proc. Int. Biohydrometallurgy Symp. IBS97 BIOMINE97 “Biotechnology Comes of Age” , Glenside, , Australia : Australian Mineral Foundation .
  • Strandling , A. W. , Ashman , D. W. , Gonzalez‐Dominguez , J. A. , Harlamovs , J. R. , Makwana , D. and Lizama , H. M. 2002 . “ Heap bioleching process for the extraction of zinc. ” . Canadian Patent Application CA 2453364
  • Lizama , H. M. , Harlamovs , J. R. , Bélanger , S. and Brienne , S. H. R. 2003 . “ The Teck Cominco HydroZinc Process. ” . In Hydrometallurgy 2003 vol. 2 , Edited by: Young , C. A , Alfantazi , A. M , Anderson , C. G , Dreisinger , D. B , Harris , B and James , A . 1503 – 1516 . Warrendale, PA : The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society .
  • O'Keefe , T. J. 1993 . “ Method for stripping metals in solvent extraction. ” . US Patent 5,228,903
  • Filippou , D. 2004 . Innovative hydrometallurgical processes for the primary processing of zinc. . Mineral Processing & Extractive Metall. Rev , 25 : 205 – 252 .
  • Borg , G. , Kärner , K. , Buxton , M. , Armstrong , R. and van der Merwe , S. W. 2003 . Geology of the Skorpion supergene zinc deposit, Southern Namibia. . Econ. Geol , 98 : 749 – 771 .
  • García , M. A. , Mejías , A. , Martin , D. and Diaz , G. 2000 . “ Upcoming zinc mine projects: The key for success is ZINCEX solvent extraction. ” . In Lead–Zinc 2000 , Edited by: Dutrizac , J. E , Gonzalez , J. A , Henke , D. M , James , S. E and Siegmund , A. H. J . 751 – 761 . Warrendale, PA : The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society .
  • Martin San Lorenzo , D. , Nogueira Diaz , G. and Garcia Leon , M. A. 2001 . “ Proceso para la producción electrolítica de zinc o de compuestos de zinc de alta pureza a partir de materias primas primarias y secundarias de zinc. ” . PCT World Patent WO 01/44520A1
  • Martin San Lorenzo , D. , Nogueira Diaz , G. and Garcia Leon , M. A. 2002 . “ Proceso para la producción electrolítica de zinc o de compuestos de zinc de alta pureza a partir de materias primas primarias y secundarias de zinc. ” . PCT World Patent WO 02/066708
  • Kunzmann , M. and Kolarik , Z. 1992 . Extraction of zinc(II) with di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid from perchlorate and sulfate media. . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 10 (1) : 35 – 49 .
  • Miralles , N. , Sastre , A. M. , Aguilar , M. and Cox , M. 1992 . Solvent extraction of zinc(II) by organophosphorus acids compounds from perchlorate solutions. . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 10 (1) : 51 – 68 .
  • Alguacil , F. J. , Cobo , A. and Caravaca , C. 1992 . Study of the extraction of zinc(II) in aqueous chloride media by CYANEX 302. . Hydrometallurgy , 31 : 163 – 174 .
  • Benito , R. , Menoyo , B. and Elizalde , M. P. 1993 . Extraction equilibria of Zn(II) from chloride medium by CYANEX 302 in toluene. . Hydrometallurgy , 40 (1–2) : 51 – 63 .
  • Jakubiak , A. and Szymanowski , J. 1998 . Zinc(II) extraction from chloride solutions by Kelex 100. . Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing , 32 : 255 – 264 .
  • Kyuchoukov , G. and Zhivkova , S. 2000 . Options for the separation of copper(II) and zinc(II) from chloride solutions by KELEX 100. . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 18 (2) : 293 – 305 .
  • Jia , Q. , Bi , L. and Shang , Q. 2003 . Extraction equilibrium of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) by mixtures of primary amine N1923 and 2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid di‐2‐ethylhexyl ester. . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res , 42 (18) : 4223 – 4227 .
  • Nogueira , E. D. , Regife , J. M. and Arcocha , A. M. 1979 . Winning of zinc through solvent extraction and electrowinning. . Eng. Min. J , 180 (10) : 92 – 94 .
  • Nogueira , E. D. , Regife , J. M. and Blythe , P. M. 1980 . Zincex ‐ the development of a secondary zinc process. . Chemistry and Industry , 2 : 63 – 67 .
  • Wassink , B. , Dreisinger , D. and Howard , J. 2000 . Solvent extraction separation of zinc and cadmium from nickel and cobalt using Aliquat 336, a strong base anion exchanger, in the chloride and thiocyanate forms. . Hydrometallurgy , 57 (3) : 235 – 252 .
  • Ritcey , G. M. , Lucas , B. H. and Price , K. T. Extraction of copper and zinc from chloride leach liquor resulting from chlorination roast‐leach of fine. Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference , Edited by: Duyckaerts , G . Belgium : Liege .
  • Ritcey , G. M. , Lucas , B. H. and Price , K. T. 1982 . Evaluation and selection of extractants for the separation of copper and zinc from chloride leach liquor. . Hydrometallurgy , 8 : 197 – 222 .
  • Jiang , T. and Su , Y. 1990 . Extraction of Zn and Cd from chloride solutions by tri‐n‐ butyl phosphate. . Acta Metallurgica Sinica , 26 (4) : B229 – B234 .
  • Kruesi , P. R. and Kruesi , W. H. A process for recovery, purification and electrowinning of zinc from secondary sources. Proceedings of the Recycle and Secondary Recovery of Metals Conference; , Edited by: Taylor , P. R , Sohn , H. Y and Jarret , N . Florida : Fort Lauderdale .
  • Mishonov , I. V. , Alejski , K. and Szymanowski , J. 2004 . A contributive study on the stripping of zinc(II) from loaded TBP using an ammonia/ammonium chloride solution. . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 22 (2) : 219 – 241 .
  • El Dessouky , S. I. , El‐Nadi , Y. A. , Ahmed , I. M. , Saad , E. A. and Daoud , J. A. 2007 . “ Solvent extraction separation of Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II) using tributylphosphate and CYANEX 921 in kerosene from chloride medium. ” . In Chemical Engineering and Processing Available online on sciencedirect.com 16 March 2007
  • Diaz , G. , Regife , J. M. , Frias , C. and Parrilla , F. October 10–13, 1993 . “ Recent advantage in Zinclor technology. ” . In Proceedings of the World Zinc ’93 Conference Edited by: Matthew , I. G . Hobart, TAS, Australia
  • Alguacil , F. J. , Schmidt , B. , Mohrmann , R. and Giebel , E. 1999 . Extraction of zinc from chloride solutions using dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP) in Exxsol D100. . Revista De Metalurgia , 35 (4) : 255 – 260 .
  • Grzeszczyk , A. and Regel‐Rosocka , M. 2007 . Extraction of zinc(II), iron(II) and iron(III) from chloride media with dibutylbutylphosphonate. . Hydrometallurgy , 86 (1–2) : 72 – 79 .
  • Sarangi , K. , Parhi , P. K. , Padhan , E. , Palai , A. K. , Nathsarma , K. C. and Park , K. H. 2007 . Separation of iron(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) from a mixed sulphate/chloride solution using TBP, LIX 84I and CYANEX 923. . Separation and Purification Technology , 55 (1) : 44 – 49 .
  • Regel , M. , Sastre , A. M. and Szymanowski , J. 2001 . Recovery of zinc(II) from HCl spent pickling solutions by solvent extraction. . Environ. Sci. Technol , 35 (3) : 630 – 635 .
  • Martínez , S. and Alguacil , F. J. 2000 . Solvent extraction of zinc from acidic calcium chloride solutions by CYANEX 923. . Journal of Chemical Research ‐ Part S , 4 : 188 – 189 .
  • Deep , A. 2004 . “ Liquid‐liquid extraction and recovery of some industrially important elements. ” . In Ph.D. Thesis; , Roorkee, , India : Indian Institute of Technology .
  • Deep , A. , Correia , P. F. M. and Carvalho , J. M. R. 2006 . Selective recoveries of Fe(III) and Cr(III) from a tannery filtrate using CYANEX 923. . Analytica Chimica Acta , 558 (1–2) : 254 – 260 .
  • Dalton , R. F. , Burgess , A. and Quan , P. M. 1992 . ACORGA ZNX‐50 a new selective reagent for the selective solvent extraction of zinc from chloride leach solutions. . Hydrometallurgy , 30 (1–3) : 385 – 400 .
  • Dalton , R. F. and Quan , P. M. Novel solvent extraction reagents ‐ the key to new zinc processing technology. Proceedings of the World Zinc ’93 , Edited by: Mattew , I. G .
  • Cupertino , D. C. , Dalton , R. F. , Seward , G. W. and Tasker , P. A. 1996 . “ Achieving value from zinc resources by the use of highly selective solvent‐ extraction reagents. ” . In Hidden Wealth Johannesburg; 55 – 59 . South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
  • Smith , W. M. , Brooks , P. J. and May , R. A. 1997 . Engineering design for a ferric chloride leaching plant to leach complex base metal sulphides. . CIM Bull , 90 : 57 – 63 .
  • Flett , D. S. and Anthony , M. T. 1999 . Extractive Metallurgy Review 1998. . Min. Mag , : 59 – 70 .
  • Harvey , T. G. 2006 . The hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc by ammonium carbonate: A review of the Schnabel process. . Mineral Processing & Extractive Metall. Rev , 27 : 231 – 279 .
  • Amer , S. , Figueiredo , J. M. and Luis , A. 1995 . The recovery of zinc from leach liquors of the CENIM‐LNETI process by solvent extraction with di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. . Hydrometallurgy , 37 : 323 – 337 .
  • Amer , S. , Luis , A. , de la Cuarda , A. and Caravaca , C. 1994 . The use of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid for the extraction of zinc from concentrated ammonium chloride solutions. . Revista de Metalurgia , 30 (1) : 27 – 37 .
  • Alguacil , F. J. and Martínez , S. 2001 . Solvent extraction equilibrium of zinc(II) from ammonium chloride medium by CYANEX 923 in Solvesso 100. . Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan , 34 (11) : 1439 – 1442 .
  • Limpo Gil , J. L. , Figueiredo , J. M. , Amer Amézaga , S. and Martín , L. A. 1990 . “ Procedimiento para la recuperación de cinc, cobre y plomo de minerales y materiales oxidados y/o sulfurados. ” . Spanish patent ES 2014174
  • Limpo , J. L. , Figueiredo , J. M. , Amer , S. and Luis , A. 1992 . The CENIM LNETI process: A new process for the hydrometallurgical treatment of complex sulphides in ammonium chloride solutions. . Hydrometallurgy , 28 : 149 – 161 .
  • Limpo , J. L. , Luis , A. and Gomez , C. 1992 . Reactions during the oxygen leaching of metallic sulphides in the CENIM LNETI process. . Hydrometallurgy , 28 : 163 – 178 .
  • Figueiredo , M. , Novais , A. Q. , Limpo Gil , J. and Amer , S. 1993 . “ The CENIM LNETI process for zinc recovery from complex sulphides. ” . In Zinc 93; , 333 – 339 . Hobart, , Australia : The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy .
  • Ocio , A. and Elizalde , M. P. 2003 . Zinc(II) extraction from phosphoric media by bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)‐dithiophosphinic acid (CYANEX 301). . Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 21 (2) : 259 – 271 .
  • Bunus , F. , Domocos , V. C. and Dumitrescu , P. 1978 . Synergic extraction of uranium from phosphate solutions with di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide. . J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem , 40 : 117 – 121 .
  • Meles , S. and Prostenik , M. V. 1984 . Solvent extraction of Fe(III) by di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid from phosphoric acid solutions. . Polyhedron , 3 (5) : 615 – 617 .
  • Tijoe , T. T. , Durville , P. F. M. and Van Rosmalen , G. M. 1989 . Extraction of cadmium from phosphoric acid with diorganyldithiophosphinic acids. . Part I. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch , 7 (3) : 435 – 459 .
  • Bunus , F. and Dumitrescu , R. 1992 . Simultaneous extraction of rare earth elements and uranium from phosphoric acid. . Hydrometallurgy , 28 : 331 – 338 .
  • Mellah , A. and Bauer , D. 1995 . The extraction of titanium, chromium and cadmium from phosphoric acid solutions by p(1,1,3,3‐tetramethybutyl)phenylphosphoric acid in kerosene diluent. . Hydrometallurgy , 37 : 117 – 121 .
  • Almela , A. and Elizalde , M. P. 1998 . Correlation of the extraction constants of the system Cd(II)‐H3PO4/CYANEX 302‐kerosene at different ionic strengths. . Fluid Phase Equilibria , 153 : 243 – 249 .
  • Menoyo , B. , Elizalde , M. P. and Almela , A. 2001 . Extraction of lead by CYANEX 302 from phosphoric acid media. . Solvent Extr. Ion Exch , 19 (4) : 677 – 698 .
  • Riveros , P. A. and Dutrizac , J. E. 1997 . Regeneration of spent phosphoric acid leaching solutions by solvent extraction. . Min. Pro. Ext. Met. Rev , 17 : 1 – 22 .
  • Mellah , A. and Benachour , D. 2007 . The solvent extraction of zinc, cadmium and chromium from phosphoric acid solutions by tri‐n butyl phosphate in kerosene diluent. . Separation and Purification Technology , 56 (2) : 220 – 224 .
  • Mellah , A. and Benachour , D. 2006 . The solvent extraction of zinc and cadmium from phosphoric acid solution by di‐2‐ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid in kerosene diluent. . Chemical Engineering and Processing , 45 (8) : 684 – 690 .
  • Mellah , A. and Benachour , D. 2006 . Solvent extraction of heavy metals contained in phosphoric acid solutions by 7‐(4‐ethyl‐1‐methyloctyl)‐8‐hydroxyquinoline in kerosene diluent. . Hydrometallurgy , 81 (2) : 100 – 103 .
  • Coeur d'Alene , I .. Test results for Sierra Mojada property. Metalline release 2005, Available on www.metalin.com . .
  • Southwestern Resources Corp . Dec 14, 2005 . “ Accha oxide zinc‐silver‐lead project, Peru drilling program commenced and initial metallurgical study results favorable. ” . Business Wire
  • Silva , J. E. , Paiva , A. P. , Soares , D. , Labrincha , A. and Castro , F. 2005 . Solvent extraction applied to the recovery of heavy metals from galvanic sludge. . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 120 (1–3) : 113 – 118 .
  • Kinoshita , T. , Yamaguchi , K. , Akita , S. , Nii , S. , Kawaizumi , F. and Takahashi , K. 2005 . Hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from ashes of automobile tire wastes. . Chemosphere , 59 (8) : 1105 – 1111 .
  • Pereira , D. D. , Rocha , S. D. F. and Mansur , M. B. 2007 . Recovery of zinc sulphate from industrial effluents by liquid–liquid extraction using D2EHPA (di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid). . Separation and Purification Technology , 53 (1) : 89 – 96 .
  • Lupi , C. , Cavallini , M. , Ferone , A. , Pilone , D. , Milella , P. P. and Mussapi , R. 1999 . “ A hydrometallurgical way to recover zinc and lead from EAF dusts. ” . In EPD Congress 1999 , Edited by: Mishra , B . 621 – 629 . Warrendale, PA, USA : The Mineral, Metals and Materials Society .
  • Diaz , G. , Martin , F. , Sánchez , F. and Lozano , J. I. 2006 . “ Iron control in zinc solvent extraction: The Tecnicas Reunidas experience. ” . In Iron Control Technologies , Edited by: Dutrizac , J. E and Riveros , R. A . 527 – 537 . Montréal, Québec, Canada : Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum .
  • Steiner , L. , Xing , M. L. and Hartland , S. 1988 . Application of solvent extraction in metal recovery from waste batteries. . Proceedings of the First Conference on Hydrometallurgy, Beijing; , : 339
  • Steiner , L. , Miaolin , X. and Hartland , S. 1992 . “ Recovery of zinc and manganese from waste batteries by liquid‐liquid extraction. ” . In Solvent extraction; Edited by: Sekine , T . 1175 – 1180 . Elsevier, Amsterdam
  • El‐Nadi , Y. A. , Daoud , J. A. and Aly , H. F. 2007 . Leaching and separation of zinc from the black paste of spent MnO2‐Zn dry cell batteries. . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 143 (1–2) : 328 – 334 .
  • Salgado , A. L. , Veloso , A. M. O. , Pereira , D. D. , Gontijo , G. S. , Salum , A. and Mansur , M. B. 2003 . Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline batteries by liquid–liquid extraction with CYANEX 272. . Journal of Power Sources , 115 (2) : 367 – 373 .
  • Reinhardt , H. , Ottertun , H. and Troëng , T. 1975 . Solvent extraction process for recovery of zinc from a weakly acidic effluent. . J Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser , 41 : W1
  • Jha , M. K. , Kumar , V. , Bagchi , D. , Singh , R. J. and Lee , J. 2007 . Processing of rayon waste effluent for the recovery of zinc and separation of calcium using thiophosphinic extractant. . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 145 (1–2) : 221 – 226 .
  • Ali , A. M. I. , Ahmad , M. I. and Daoud , J. A. 2006 . CYANEX 272 for the extraction and recovery of zinc from aqueous waste solution using a mixer‐settler unit. . Separation and Purification Technology , 47 (3) : 135 – 140 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.