117
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Production of 230Pa as a Source for Medical Radionuclides 230U and 226Th Including Isolation by Liquid–liquid Extraction

ORCID Icon, , , &

References

  • Radchenko, V.; Morgenstern, A.; Jalilian, A.; Ramogida, C.; Cutler, C.; Duchemin, C.; Hoehr, C.; Haddad, F.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Gausemel, H., et al. Production and Supply of Alpha Particles Emitting Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT). J. Nucl. Med. 2021. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261016.
  • Morgenstern, A.; Apostolidis, C.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Capote, R.; Gouder, T.; Simonelli, F.; Sin, M.; Abbas, K. Cross-Sections of the Reaction 232Th(p,3n)230Pa for Production of 230U for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2008, 66(10), 1275–1280. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.066.
  • Morgenstern, A.; Lebeda, O.; Stursa, J.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Capote, R.; McGinley, J.; Rasmussen, G.; Sin, M.; Zielinska, B., and Apostolidis, C. Production of 230U/226Th for Targeted Alpha Therapy via Proton Irradiation of 231Pa. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80(22), 8763–8770. DOI: 10.1021/ac801304c.
  • Morgenstern, A.; Lebeda, O.; Stursa, J.; Capote, R.; Sin, M.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Zielinska, B.; Apostolidis, C. Cross-Sections of the Reaction Pa231(d, 3n)U230 for the Production of U230/Th226 for Targeted α Therapy. Phys. Rev. C. 2009, 80(5), 054612. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.054612.
  • John, K. US DOE Tri-Lab Research and Production Effort to Provide Accelerator-Produced 225Ac for Radiotherapy: 2019 Update. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2019, 46, S722. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.11.009.
  • Radchenko, V.; Engle, J. W.; Wilson, J. J.; Maassen, J. R.; Nortier, M. F.; Birnbaum, E. R.; John, K. D.; Fassbender, M. E. Formation Cross-Sections and Chromatographic Separation of Protactinium Isotopes Formed in Proton-Irradiated Thorium Metal. Radiochim. Acta. 2016, 104(5), 291–304. DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015–2486.
  • Friend, M.; Mastren, T.; Parker, T.; Vermeulen, C.; Brugh, M.; Birnbaum, E.; Nortier, F.; Fassbender, M. Production of 230Pa by Proton Irradiation of 232Th at the LANL Isotope Production Facility: Precursor of 230U for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2019, 156(22), 108973. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108973.
  • Mastren, T.; Stein, B. W.; Parker, T. G.; Radchenko, V.; Copping, R.; Owens, A.; Wyant, L.; Brugh, M.; Kozimor, S.; Nortier, F., et al. Separation of Protactinium Employing Sulfur-Based Extraction Chromatographic Resins. Anal. Chem.2018, 90(11), 7012–7017. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01380.
  • Duchemin, C.; Guertin, A.; Haddad, F.; Michel, N.; Metivier, V. 232Th(d, 4n)230pa Cross-Section Measurements at ARRONAX Facility for Production of 230U. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2014, 41(Suppl), e19–e22. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.011.
  • Čomor, J.; Haji-Saeid, M.; Mra, P.; Ruth, T.; Schleyer, D. J.; Vora, M. M.; Caroll, L.; Jensen, M.; Schubiger, P.; Winkel, P., et al. Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Guidelines for Setting Up a Facility; International Atomic Energy Agency: Vienna, 2009.
  • IBA Radiopharma Solutions. https://www.iba-radiopharmasolutions.com/cyclotrons (accessed Oct 24, 2021).
  • Aliev, R. A.; Ermolaev, S. V.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Ostapenko, V. S.; Lapshina, E. V.; Zhuikov, B. L.; Zakharov, N. V.; Pozdeev, V. V.; Kokhanyuk, V. M.; Myasoedov, B. F., et al. Isolation of Medicine-Applicable Actinium-225 from Thorium Targets Irradiated by Medium-Energy Protons. Solvent. Extr. Ion Exch.2014, 32(5), 468. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2014.896582.
  • Vasiliev, A. N.; Ostapenko, V. S.; Lapshina, E. V.; Ermolaev, S. V.; Danilov, S. S.; Zhuikov, B. L.; Kalmykov, S. N. Recovery of Ra-223 from Natural Thorium Irradiated by Protons. Radiochim. Acta, 2016, 104(8), 539–547. DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2549.
  • Ahenkorah, S.; Cassells, I.; Deroose, C. M.; Cardinaels, T.; Burgoyne, A. R.; Bormans, G.; Ooms, M.; Cleeren, F. Bismuth-213 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: From Atom to Bedside. Pharmaceutics. 2021, 13(5), 599. DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13050599.
  • Morgenstern, A.; Apostolidis, C.; Bruchertseifer, F. Supply and Clinical Application of Actinium-225 and Bismuth-213. Semin. Nucl. Med. 2020, 50(2), 119–123. DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.02.003.
  • Den, R. B.; Doyle, L. A.; Knudsen, K. E. Practical Guide to the Use of Radium-223 Dichloride. Can. J. Urol. 2014, 21(s1), 70–76.
  • Ermolaev, S. V.; Zhuikov, B. L.; Kokhanyuk, V. M.; Matushko, V. L.; Kalmykov, S. N.; Aliev, R. A.; Tananaev, I. G.; Myasoedov, B. F. Production of Actinium, Thorium and Radium Isotopes from Natural Thorium Irradiated with Protons Up to 141 MeV. Radiochim. Acta. 2012, 100(4), 223–229. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1909.
  • Trubert, D.; Le Naour, C.; Jaussaud, C. Hydrolysis of Protactinium(v). I. Equilibrium Constants at 25 Degrees C: A Solvent Extraction Study with TTA in the Aqueous System Pa(V)/H2O/H+/Na+/ClO4–. J. Solution Chem. 2002, 31(4), 261–277. DOI: 10.1023/A:1015849119803
  • Meulen, N. P.; Steyn, G. F.; Walt, T. N.; Shishkin, S. V.; Vermeulen, C.; Tretyakova, S. P.; Guglielmetti, A.; Bonetti, R.; Ogloblin, A. A.; Mcgee, D. The Separation of Pa from a Th Target by Means of Ion Exchange Chromatography. Czechoslov. J. Phys. 2006, 56, D357–D362. DOI: 10.1007/s10582-006-1039-9.
  • Jerome, S. M.; Collins, S. M.; Happel, S.; Ivanov, P.; Russell, B. C. Isolation and Purification of Protactinium-231, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2018, 134, 18–22, DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.051.
  • Kmak, K. N.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Vujic, J. L. Batch and Column Studies of Radium, Actinium, Thorium and Protactinium on CL Resin in Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid and Hydrofluoric Acid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2021, 328, 225–233. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07636-9.
  • El-Sweify, F. H.; Abdel Fattah, A. A.; Ali, S. M. Comparative Studies on the Extraction of Protactinium Using Different Kinds of Organic Extractants, Sep. Sci. Technol. 2009, 44(3), 753–772. DOI: 10.1080/01496390802437016.
  • Knight, A. W.; Eitrheim, E. S.; Nelson, A. W.; Peterson, M.; McAlister, D.; Forbes, T. Z.; Schultz, M. K. Trace-Level Extraction Behavior of Actinide Elements by Aliphatic Alcohol Extractants in Mineral Acids: Insights into the Trace Solution Chemistry of Protactinium, Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 2016, 34(6), 509–521, DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2016.1207460.
  • Kumari, N.; Pathak, P. N.; Prabhu, D. R.; Manchanda, V. K. Solvent Extraction Studies of Protactinium for Its Recovery from Short-Cooled Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Solutions in Thorium Fuel Cycle Using Diisobutyl Carbinol (DIBC) as Extractant. Desalination Water Treat. 2012, 38(1–3), 46–51. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2012.664263.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Data Services. https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html (accessed May 24, 2022).
  • Libanova, O. N.; Golubeva, E. S.; Ermolaev, S. V.; Matushko, V. L.; Botvina, A. S. Experimental Cross-Sections of Fission Fragments of Thorium-232 Irradiated with Medium-Energy Protons. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 2018, 15, 284–297. DOI: 10.1134/S1547477118030123.
  • Knight, A. W.; Eitrheim, E. S.; Nelson, A. W.; Nelson, S.; Schultz, M. K. A Simple-Rapid Method to Separate Uranium, Thorium, and Protactinium for U-Series Age-Dating of Materials. J. Environ. Radioact. 2014, 134, 66–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.010.
  • Abramov, A. A.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Dubovaya, O. V.; Kovalev, V. V.; Vatsouro, I. M. Extraction of Americium(iii), Plutonium(iv, V) and Neptunium(v) with Calixarenes. Mend. Comm.2012, 22, 260–262. DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2012.09.011.
  • Zhuikov, B. L.; Kokhanyuk, V. M.; Konyakhin, N. A.; Vincent, J. Target Irradiation Facility and Targetry Development at 160 MeV Proton Beam of Moscow Linac. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A. 1999, 438, 173–179. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00672-5.
  • Dementyev, A. V.; Sobolevsky, N. M. SHIELD - Universal Monte Carlo Hadron Transport Code: Scope and Applications. Radiat. Meas. 1999, 30, 553–557. DOI:10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00231-0.
  • Hermanne, A.; Ignatyuk, A. V.; Capote, R.; Carlson, B. V.; Engle, J. W.; Kellett, M. A.; Kibédi, T.; Kim, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Hussain, et al. Reference Cross-Sections for Charged-Particle Monitor Reactions. Nucl. Data Sheets 2018, 148, 338–382. DOI: 10.1016/j.nds.2018.02.009.
  • Dityuk, A. I.; Konobeyev, A. Y.; Lunev, V. P.; Shubin, Y. N. New Advanced Version of Computer Code ALICE-IPPE. INDC (CCP)410. INDC (CCP)410. IAEA: Vienna, Austria, 1998.
  • Goble, A.; Golden, J.; Maddock, A. G. The Solvent Extraction of Protactinium. Can. J. Chem. 1956, 34(3), 284–292. DOI: 10.1139/v56-042.
  • Casey, A. T.; Maddock, A. G. Solvent Extraction from Halide Solutions, Part 2.-Dilution Studies, Trans. Faraday Soc. 1960, 58, 918–922. DOI: 10.1039/TF9625800918.
  • Ermolaev, S. V.; Vasilev, A. N.; Lapshina, E. V., and Zhuikov, B. L. Method of Producing Actinium-225. Russian Patent № 2, 725, 414. 2019; pp. 6–10.
  • Fletcher, A. N.; Heller, C. A. Self-Association of Alcohols in Nonpolar Solvents. J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71(12), 3742–3756. DOI: 10.1021/j100871a005.
  • Szymanowski, J. Physiochemical Modification of Extractants. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1995, 25(3), 143–194. DOI: 10.1080/10408349508050560.
  • Myasoedov, B. F.; Kirby, H. W., and Tananaev, I. G. Protactinium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M., and Fuger, J., Eds.; Springer : Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2010; Vol. 1, pp. 161–252.
  • Brown, D.; Dixon, S. N.; Jones, P. J. The Routine Recovery and Purification of Protactinium-231. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1966, 28(11), 2529–2533. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(66)80376-7.
  • Vasiliev, A. N.; Zobnin, V. A.; Pavlov, Y.; Chudakov, S.; M, V. Radiation Stability of Sorbents in Medical 225Ac/213Bi Generators. Solvent. Extr. Ion Exch. 2021, 39, 353–372 DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2020.1846892.
  • Hardy, C. J.; Scargill, D.; Fletcher, J. M. Studies on Protactinium(v) in Nitric Acid Solutions. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1958, 7, 257–275. DOI:10.1016/0022-1902(58)80077-9.
  • Kandil, A. T.; Abdel Gawad, A. S.; Ramadan, A.; Temperature Effects in the Extraction of Mixed Complexes of Protactinium(v) with Thenoyltrifluoroacetone and Various Organophosphorous Compounds, Radiochim. Acta. 1980, 27(1), 39–42.
  • Lefort, M.; Simonoff, G. N.; Tarrago, X. Reactions Nucleaires de Spallation Induites Sur le Thorium Par des Protons de 150 et 82 MeV. Nucl. Phys. 1961, 25, 216–247. DOI: 10.1016/0029-5582(61)90154-7.
  • Brun, C.; Simonoff, G. N. Competition Fission-Evaporation Etude des Functions D`excitation Dans Differents Noyaux de Protactinium. J. Phys. Radium. 1962, 23, 12–16. DOI: 10.1051/jphysrad:0196200230101200.
  • Celler, A.; Luontama, M.; Kantele, J.; Zylicz, J. Cross-Sections of 232Th(p,xn+ yp) Reactions at Ep = 6.8 to 20.2 MeV. Phys. Scr. 1981, 24, 930–934. DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/24/6/003.
  • Kudo, H.; Muramatsu, H.; Nakahara, H. Fission Fragement Yields in the Fission of 232Th by Protons of Energies 8 to 22 MeV. Phys. Rev. C 1982, 25(6), 3011–3023. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.25.3011.
  • Roshchin, A.; Yavshits, S.; Jakovlev, V.; Karttunen, E.; Aaltonen, J.; Heselius, S. Cross-Sections of Nonfission Reactions Induced in Th-232 by Low-Energy Proton. Phys. At. Nucl. 1997, 60, 1941–1945. DOI: 10.1134/1.854992.
  • Jost, C. U.; Griswold, J. R.; Bruffey, S. H.; Mirzadeh, S.; Stracener, D. W.; Williams, C. L. Measurement of Cross-Sections for the 232Th (p, 4n) 229 Pa Reaction at Low Proton Energies. AIP Conf. Proc. 2013, 1525, 520. DOI:10.1063/1.4802383.
  • Mastren, T.; Akin, A.; Copping, R.; Brugh, M.; Wilbur, D. S.; Birnbaum, E. R.; Nortier, F. M.; John, K. D.; Fassbender, M. E. A Reverse 230U/226Th Radionuclide Generator for Targeted Alpha Therapy Applications. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2020, 90–91, 69–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.09.00.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.