Our Children, Our Hope: Voices of African American Mothers Living with HIV and Rearing Uninfected Children

References

• Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress index (3rd ed.): In R. R. Abidin (Ed.), Professional manual (pp. 216–217). Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., & Floris-Moore, M. A. (2009). Ending the epidemic of heterosexual HIV transmission among African Americans. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37, 468–471. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonzo, A. A., & Reynolds, N. R. (1995). Stigma, HIV and AIDS: An exploration and elaboration of a stigma strategy. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 303–315. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00384-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amutah, N. N. (2012). African American women: The face of HIV/AIDS in Washington, DC. Qualitative Report, 17, 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Aral, S. O., Adimora, A. A., & Fenton, K. A. (2008). Understanding and responding to disparities in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in African-Americans. Lancet, 372, 337–340. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61118-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armistead, L., & Forehand, R. (1995). For whom the bell tolls: Parenting decisions and challenges faced by mothers who are HIV seropositive. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 2, 239–250. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00042.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, M. A., Shanahan, L., Deng, M., Haskett, M. E., & Cox, M. J. (2010). Independent and interactive contributions of parenting behaviors and beliefs in the prediction of early childhood behavior problems. Parenting, Science and Practice, 10, 43–59. doi:10.1080/15295190903014604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeber, L. S., & Miles, M. S. (2003). Maternal mental health and parenting in poverty. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 21, 303–331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Achievements in public health: Reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV infection-United States, 1985-2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55, 592–597.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2014). Thematic analysis. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 6626–6628). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle, & M. King (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48–71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Duff, P., Kipp, W., Wild, T. C., Rubaale, T., & Okech-Ojony, J. (2010). Barriers to accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy by HIV-positive women attending an antenatal clinic in a regional hospital in western Uganda. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, L. V., Irving, S. M., Amutah, N. N., & Sydnor, K. D. (2012). Am I my mother’s keeper? Children as unexpected sources of social support among African American women living with HIV-AIDS. Journal of Black Studies, 43, 571–595. doi:10.1177/0021934712440171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenwood, A. E., & Jenkins, J. E. (2007). Unbalancing the effects of chronic illness: Non-traditional family therapy assessment and intervention approach. American Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 265–277. doi:10.1080/01926180600968431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elo, S., Kääriäinen, S., Kanaste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open, 4, 1–10. doi:10.1177/2158244014522633
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galvan, F. H., Davis, E. M., Banks, D., & Bing, E. G. (2008). HIV stigma and social support among African Americans. AIDS Patient Care and STDS, 22, 423–436. doi:10.1089/apc.2007.0169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giedd, J. N. (2008). The teen brain: Insights from neuroimaging. Journal of Adolescence Health, 42, 335–343. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, H. I., Song, R., Rhodes, P., Prejean, J., An, Q., Lee, L. M., … Janssen, R. S.; for the HIV Incidence Surveillance Group. (2008). Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 520–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodder, S. L., Justman, J., Haley, D. F., Adimora, A., Fogel, C. I., Golin, C. E., … El-Sadr, W. M. (2010). Challenges of a hidden epidemic: HIV prevention among women in the United States. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 55(Suppl. 2), S69–S73. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbbdf9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodder, S. L., Justman, J., Hughes, J., Wang, J., Haley, D. F., Adimora, A. A., & El-Sadr, W., for the HPTN 064 Study Team. (2012). HIV incidence in women at risk for HIV acquisition in the United States: HPTN 064 (ISIS Study). Retrieved from http://www.hptn.org/web%20documents/HPTN064/2Mar2012IsisCROI_final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Husserl, E. (1970). Logical investigations, trans. J. N. Findlay. (Vol. 2). London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Pau.
   Google Scholar
• Jemmott, L. S., Catan, V., Nyamathi, A., & Anastasia, J. (1995). African American women and HIV risk reduction issues. In A. O’Leary, & L. S. Jemmott (Eds.), Women at risk: Issues in the primary prevention of AIDS (pp. 131–157). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, D. J., Forehand, R., Rakow, A., Colletti, C. J., McKee, L., & Zalot, A. (2008). The specificity of maternal parenting behavior and child adjustment difficulties: A study of inner-city African American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 181–192. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation (2004). Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS – Part three: Experiences opinions by race/ethnicity and age. Retrieved from https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/survey-of-americans-on-hiv-aids-part-three-experiences-and-opinions-by-race-ethnicity-and-age.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Konkle-Parker, D. J., Amico, K. R., & Henderson, H. M. (2011). Barriers and facilitators to engagement in HIV clinical care in the Deep South: Results from semi-structured patient interviews. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 22, 90–99. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2010.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Marmot, M., Siegrist, J., & Theorell, T. (2006). Health and the psychosocial environment at work. In M. Marmot, & R. Wilkinson (Eds.), Social determinants of health (pp. 97–130). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moustakas, C. E. (1990). Heuristic research: Design, methodology, and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, A. D., Armstead, L., Marelich, W. D., & Herbeck, D. M. (2015). Parenting deficits of mothers living with HIV/AIDS who have young children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 10, 41–54. doi:10.1080/17450128.2014.931614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. A., Marelich, W. D., Armistead, L., Herbeck, D. M., & Payne, D. L. (2010). Anxiety/stress among mothers living with HIV: Effects on parenting skills & child outcomes. AIDS Care, 22, 1449–1458. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.487085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. A., Roberts, K. J., & Herbeck, D. M. (2011). HIV disease impact on mothers: What they miss during their children’s developmental years. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 361–369. doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9400-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyblade, L. C. (2006). Measuring HIV stigma: Existing knowledge and gaps. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11, 335–345. doi:10.1080/13548500600595178
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (pp. 169–186). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Perkins, S. C., Finegood, E. D., & Swain, J. E. (2013). Poverty and language development: Roles of parenting and stress. Clinical Neuroscience, 10, 10–19.
   Google Scholar
• Ridgeway, C. L., & Correll, S. J. (2004). Motherhood as a status characteristic. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 683–700. doi:10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00380.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., Feldman, J. G., Golub, E. T., Schmidt, J., Silver, S., Robison, E., & Minkoff, H. (2015). Live birth patterns among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 196, 541.e1-6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieh, D. S., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Visser-Meily, J. M., & Van der Leji, D. A. (2010). Problem behavior in children of chronically ill parents: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 384–397. doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0074-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, C. L., Cortina-Borja, M., Peckham, C. S., De Ruiter, A., Lyall, H., & Tookey, P. A. (2008). Low rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV following effective pregnancy interventions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 2000-2006. Aids, 22, 973–981. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f9b67a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walulu, R. N., & Gill, S. L. (2011). “Living for my children:” Mothers living with HIV disease. Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research, 11. Retrieved from http://www.resourcenter.net/images/snrs/files/sojnr_articles2/Vol11Num01Art03.html
   Google Scholar
• Whitmore, S. K., Satcher, A. J., & Hu, S. (2005). Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among non-Hispanic Black women in the United States. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97(7 Suppl), 19S–24S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmore, S. K., Zhang, X., Taylor, A. W., & Blair, J. M. (2011). Estimated number of infants born to HIV-infected women in the United States and five dependent areas, 2006. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 57, 218–222. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167dec
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar