References
- Ahmadi, K., & Ramezani, M. A. (2020). Iranian emotional experience and expression during the COVID-19 crisis. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32(5), 285–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520937097
- Aşkın, R., Bozkurt, Y., & Zeybek, Z. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychological effects and therapeutic intervention. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, COVID-19 Social Sciences Special Issue, 37(Special Suppl.), 304–318. dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1166182
- Atalan, A. (2020). Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 56, 38–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010
- Ataman Temizel, E., & Dağ, İ. (2014). Relationships among stressful life events, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, depressive symptoms, and anxiety levels. Clinical Psychiatry, 17, 7–17.dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1166182
- Azoulay, E., & Kentish-Barnes, N. (2020). 5-point strategy for improved connection with relatives of critically ill patients with COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(6), e52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30223-X
- Baykal, E. (2020). The relationship of resilience, anxiety and life satisfaction in the context of COVID-19. International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences, 10(2), 68–80. ijses.org/index.php/ijses/article/view/273/262
- Caoa, W., Fanga, Z., Houc, G., Hana, M., Xua, X., Donga, J., & Zhenga, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
- Chen, D., Song, F., Tanga, L., Zhanga, H., Shaoc, J., Qiua, R., Wanga, X., & Ye, Z. (2020). Quarantine experience of close contacts of COVID-19 patients in China: A qualitative descriptive study. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 81–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.006
- Creswell, J. W. (2016). Qualitative research methods qualitative research and research design according to five approaches M. Bütün & S. B. Demir (Ed). Political Bookstore.
- Dai, -L.-L., Wang, X., Jiang, T.-C., Li, P.-F., Wang, Y., Wu, S.-J., Jia, L. Q., Liu, M., An, L., Cheng, Z., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in jianghan fangcang shelter hospital in Wuhan, China. PLOS ONE, 15(8), 1–11. e0238416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238416
- Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2021). Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 136, 603–609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.035
- Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020 September–October). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
- Ettman, C. K., Abdalla, S. M., Cohen, G. H., Sampson, L., Vivier, P. M. D., & Galea, S. (2020). Prevalence of depression symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 3(9), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686
- Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L., Guo, Y., Lu, Z., Yan, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1), 225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
- Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Ginevra, L. L., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217857
- Göksu, Ö., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Perceived stress level and anxiety levels in individuals in COVID-19 outbreak. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 463–479. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
- Han Rachel, H., Schmidt, M. N., Waits, W. M., Bell, A. K. C., & Miller, T. L. (2020). Planning for mental health needs during COVID-19. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(12), 66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6
- Hesse-Biber, S., & Leavy, P. (2006). The practice of qualitative research. Sage Publications.
- Hoffman, L. (2021). Existential–humanistic therapy and disaster response: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 61(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167820931987
- Jean-Baptiste, C. O., Herring, R. P., Beeson, W. L., DosSantos, H., & Banta, J. E. (2020). Stressful life events and social capital during the early phase of COVID-19 in the U.S. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100057. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100057
- Jones, J. H., Salathé, M., & von Elm, E. (2009). Early assessment of Anxiety and behavioral response to novel swine-origin influenze A(H1N1). PLOS ONE, 4(12), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008032
- Joos, A. (2020). Psychosomatic medicine and COVID-19 pandemic. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89(4), 263–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000507640
- Khan, K. S., Mamun, M. A., Griffith, M. D., & Ullah, I. (2020). The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across different cohorts. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9 , 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00367-0
- Kılıç, S. (2013). Sampling methods. Journal of Mood Disorders, 3(1), 44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130325011730
- Kroencke, L., Geukes, K., Utesch, T., Kuper, N., & Back, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism and emotional risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research in Personality, 89, 104038. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8c6nh
- Kul, A., Demir, R., & Katmer, A. N. (2020). Meaning of life and anxiety as predictors of psychological resilience during the COVID-19 epidemic. Turkish Studies, 15(6), 695–718. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44419
- Kwong, A. S. F., Pearson, R. M., Adams, M. J., Northstone, K., Tilling, K., Smith, D., Fawns-Ritchie, C., Bould, H., Warne, N., Zammit, S., Gunnell, D. J., Moran, P. A., Micali, N., Reichenberg, A., Hickman, M., Rai, D., Haworth, S., Campbell, A., Altschul, D., & Timpson, N. J. (2021). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.242
- Lades, L.K., Laffan, K., Daly, M., & Delaney, L. (2020). COVID-19 Daily emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology. 25, 902–911. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12450
- Losada-Baltar, A., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Gallego-Alberto, L., Sequeros Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D., Fernandes-Pires, J., Márquez-González, M., & Issacowitz, D. (2021). “We are staying at home.” Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lockdown period of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(2), e10–e16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048
- Ma, A. T. H., Lam, T. W. L., Cheung, L. T. O., & Fok, L. (2021). Protected areas as a space for pandemic disease adaptation: A case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning, 207(March), 103994. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103994
- Michel, J. P., Maggi, S., & Ecarnot, F. (2020). Raising awareness of the needs of older COVID patients after hospital discharge. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(8), 15951598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01620-1
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
- Moreira, P. S., Ferreira, S., Couto, B., Machado-Sousa, M., Fernández, M., Raposo-Lima, C., Sousa, N., Picó-Pérez, M., & Morgado, P. (2021). Protective elements of mental health status during the COVID-19 outbreak in the portuguese population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20080671
- Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Paim Kessler, F. H. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
- Ouyang, M., Gui, D., Cai, X., Yin, Y., Mao, X., Huang, S., Zeng, P., & Wang, P. (2021). Stressful life events and subjective well-being in vocational school female adolescents: The mediating role of depression and the moderating role of perceived social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(603511), 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603511
- Özmete, E., & Pak, M. (2020). The Relationship between anxiety levels and perceived social support during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Turkey. Social Work in Public Health, 35(7), 603–616. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2020.1808144
- Picione, R., De, L., Martini, E., Cicchella, S., Forte, S., Carranante, M., Tateo, L., & Rhodes, P. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Psycho-social perception of the crisis and sense-making processes. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 7(2), 103–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1285/i24212113v7i2p103
- Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., Kontopantelis, E., Webb, R., Wessely, S., McManus, S., & Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. Lancet Psychiatry, 7, 883-892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4
- Pileggi, S. F. (2021). Life before COVID 19: How was the world actually performing? Quality & Quantity, 55(5), 1871–1888. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01091-6
- Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
- Reiss, S., Franchina, V., Jutzi, C., Willardt, R., Jonas, E., & Capraro, V. (2020). From anxiety to action-experience of threat, emotional states, reactance, and action preferences in the early days of COVID19 self-isolation in Germany and Austria. PLOS ONE, 15(12), e0243193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243193
- Rousseau, S., & Deschacht, N. (2020). Public awareness of nature and the environment during the COVID-19 crisis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76(4), 1149–1159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00445-w
- Rubin, G. J., Potts, H. W. W., & Michie, S. (2010). The impact of communications about swine flu (influenza A H1N1v) on public responses to the outbreak: Results from 36 national telephone surveys in the UK. Health Technology Assessment, 14(34), 183–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3310/hta14340-03
- Ryff, C. D., Dienberg Love, G., Urry, H. L., Muller, D., Rosenkranz, M. A., Friedman, E. M., Davidson, R. J., & Singer, B. (2006). Psychological well-being and ill-being: Do they have distinct or mirrored biological correlates? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(2), 85–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000090892
- Samji, H., Dove, N., Ames, M., Barbic, S., Sones, M., & Leadbeater, B. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of young adults in British Columbia. A report by the British Columbia centre for disease control COVID-19 young adult task force. http://www.bccdc.ca/Health-ProfessionalsSite/Documents/COVID-Impacts/BCCDC_COVID-19_Young_Adult_Health_Well-being_Report.pdf
- Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Qualitative research methods, techniques, analysis and approaches (pp. 119–134). Anı Publishing.
- Sim, K., Chan, Y. H., Chong, P. N., Chua, H. C., & Soon, S. W. (2010). Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.04.004
- Tosevski, D. L., & Milovancevic, M. P. (2006). Stressful life events and physical health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(2), 184–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000214346.44625.57
- Türnüklü, A. (2000). A qualitative research technique that can be used effectively in educational science research: Interview. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 24(24), 543–559. dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10372/126941
- Uğraş Dikmen, A., Kına, M., Özkan, S., & İlhan, M. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19: What we learn from the pandemic. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, ( special issue), 29–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.715153
- Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Drury, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L. E., Packer, D. J., … Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioral science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-12(5), 460–471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
- Van Der Velden, P. G., Contino, C., Das, M., Van Loon, P., & Bosmans, M. W. G. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms, and lack of emotional support among the general population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prospective national study on prevalence and risk factors. Journal of AffectiveDisorders, 277, 540–548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.026
- Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
- Wangchuk, P. (2021). Humankind’s existential crisis amid COVID-19 pandemic: A theoretical perspective. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2021/v20i130474
- Weerahandi, H., Hochman, K. A., Simon, E., Blaum, C., Chodosh, J., Duan, E., Garry, K., Kahan, T., Karmen-Tuohy, S., Karpee, H. C., Mendoza, F., Prete, A. M., Quintana, L., Rutishauser, J., Martinez, L. S., Shah, K., Sharma, S., Simon, E., Stirniman, A. Z., & Horwitz, L. I. (2021). Post-discharge health status and symptoms in patients with severe COVID-19. Journal of General InternalMedicine, 36(3), 738–745. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.20172742
- World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf
- Yazıcı Çelebi, G. (2020). Investigation of reactions to the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of psychological resilience. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, 8(Fall), 471–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.715153
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Seçkin Publishing.