298
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

PrEP Demographics and Disparity: The Race, Ethnicity, Gender Identity, Sex Assigned at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Age of Current PrEP Use

, BA, MSN, RN, FNP, , BA, MSN, RN, FNP, , PhD, MEd, RNORCID Icon & , BA, MS, LMHC

References

  • Braksmajer, A., Fedor, T. M., Chen, S.-R., Corales, R., Holt, S., Valenti, W., & McMahon, J. M. (2018). Willingness to take PrEP for HIV prevention: The combined effects of race/ethnicity and provider trust. AIDS Education & Prevention, 30(1), 1–12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.1
  • Buchbinder, S. P., Glidden, D. V., Liu, A. Y., McMahan, V., Guanira, J. V., Mayer, K. H., Grant, R. M., & Grant, R. M. (2014). HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men and transgender women: A secondary analysis of a phase 3 randomized controlled efficacy trial. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(6), 468–475. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70025-8
  • Calabrese, S. K., Galvao, R. W., Dovidio, J. F., Willie, T. C., Safon, C. B., Kaplan, C., Caldwell, A., Blackstock, O., Phillips, N. J., & Kershaw, T. S. (2020). Contraception as a potential gateway to pre-exposure prophylaxis: US women’s pre-exposure prophylaxis modality preferences align with their birth control practices. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 34(3), 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2019.0242
  • Calabrese, S. K., Krakower, D. S., & Mayer, K. H. (2017). Integrating HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) into routine preventive health care to avoid exacerbating disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 107(12), 1883–1889. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304061
  • Calabrese, S. K., Krakower, D. S., Willie, T. C., Kershaw, T. S., & Mayer, K. H. (2019). US guideline criteria for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis: Clinical considerations and caveats. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69(5), 884–889. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz046
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, & US Public Health Service. (2018). Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States—2017 update: A clinical practice guideline. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2017.pdf
  • Coy, K. C., Hazen, R. J., Kirkham, H. S., Delpino, A., & Siegler, A. J. (2019). Persistence on HIV preexposure prophylaxis medication over a 2-year period among a national sample of 7148 PrEP users, United States, 2015 to 2017. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(Article), e25252. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25252
  • Elion, R. A., Kabiri, M., Mayer, K. H., Wohl, D. A., Cohen, J., Beaubrun, A. C., & Altice, F. L. (2019). Estimated impact of targeted pre-exposure prophylaxis: Strategies for men who have sex with men in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1592. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091592
  • Furukawa, N. W., Smith, D. K., Gonzalez, C. J., Huang, Y. A., Hanna, D. B., Felsen, U. R., Zhu, W., Arnsten, J. H., & Patel, V. V. (2020). Evaluation of algorithms used for PrEP surveillance using a reference population from New York City, July 2016-June 2018. Public Health Reports, 135(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354920904085
  • Goldstein, R. H., Streed, C. G., & Cahill, S. R. (2018). Being PrEPared - Preexposure prophylaxis and HIV disparities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 379(14), 1293–1295. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1804306
  • Golub, S. A., Fikslin, R. A., Starbuck, L., & Klein, A. (2019). High rates of PrEP eligibility but low rates of PrEP access among a national sample of transmasculine individuals. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 82(1), e1–e7. PMID: 31232834; PMCID: PMC6692190. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002116
  • Grant, R. M., Lama, J. R., Anderson, P. L., McMahan, V., Liu, A. Y., Vargas, L., Goicochea, P., Casapia, M., Guanira-Carranza, J. V., Ramirez-Cardich, M. E., Montoya-Herrera, O., Fernandez, T., Veloso, V., Buchbinder, S. P., Chariyalertsak, S., Schechter, M., Bekker, L.-G., Mayer, K. H., Kallas, E. G., … Glidden, D. V. (2010). Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. The New England Journal of Medicine, 363(27), 2587. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1011205
  • Heidari, S., Babor, T. F., De Castro, P., Tort, S., & Curno, M. (2016). Sex and gender equity in research: Rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6
  • Huang, Y. A., Weiming, Z., Smith, D. K., Harris, N., & Hoover, K. W. (2018). HIV preexposure prophylaxis, by race and ethnicity - United States, 2014-2016. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 67(41), 1147–1150. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6741a3
  • IBM Corp. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 25.0. [ Computer software]. IBM Corp.
  • Jenness, S. M., Maloney, K. M., Smith, D. K., Hoover, K. W., Goodreau, S. M., Rosenberg, E. S., Weiss, K. M., Liu, A. Y., Rao, D. W., & Sullivan, P. S. (2019). Addressing gaps in HIV preexposure prophylaxis care to reduce racial disparities in HIV incidence in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(4), 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy230
  • Koss, C. A., Hosek, S. G., Bacchetti, P., Anderson, P. L., Liu, A. Y., Horng, H., Wilson, C. M., Kuncze, K., Louie, A., Saberi, P., Wilson, C. M., & Gandhi, M. (2018). Comparison of measures of adherence to human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis among adolescent and young men who have sex with men in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(2), 213–219. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix755
  • Liu, A. Y., Vittinghoff, E., Von, Amico, F. P., Anderson, K. R., Lester, P. L., Andrew, R., Estes, E., Serrano, I., Brothers, P., Buchbinder, J., Hosek, S., Fuchs, J. D., & Fuchs, J. D. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of a mobile health intervention to promote retention and adherence to preexposure prophylaxis among young people at risk for human immunodeficiency virus: The EPIC study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(12), 2010–2017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy810
  • Macapagal, K., Kraus, A., Korpak, A. K., Jozsa, K., & Moskowitz, D. A. (2020). PrEP awareness, uptake, barriers, and correlates among adolescents assigned male at birth who have sex with males in the U.S. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1429-2
  • Mayer, K. H., Agwu, A., & Malebranche, D. (2020). Barriers to the wider use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States: A narrative review. Advances in Therapy, 37(5), 1778–1811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01295-0
  • Moseholm, E., Gilleece, Y., Collins, B., Kowalska, J. D., Vasylyev, M., Pérez Elía, M. J., Cairns, G., & Aebi-Popp, K. (2020). Achievements and gaps to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for women across the European Region - Results from a European survey study. Journal of Virus Eradication, 7(Article), 100026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2020.100026
  • Myers, J. E., Edelstein, Z. R., Daskalakis, D. C., Gandhi, A. D., Misra, K., Rivera, A. V., Salcuni, P. M., Scanlin, K., Udeagu, -C.-C., & Braunstein, S. L. (2018). Preexposure prophylaxis monitoring in New York City: A public health approach. American Journal of Public Health, 108(S4), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304729
  • National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention. HIV prevention pill not reaching most Americans who could benefit - especially people of color. Retrieved May 21, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/croi-2018-PrEP-press-release.html
  • Neumann, M. S., Finlayson, T. J., Pitts, N. L., & Keatley, J. (2017). Comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303509
  • Pardee, D. J., Sarvet, A., Mayer, G., Mayer, K. H., Sarvet, A., Mayer, G., & Mayer, K. H. (2019). High risk and low uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV acquisition in a national online sample of transgender men who have sex with men in the United States. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(Article), e25391. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25391
  • Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts (2020). Planned parenthood league of Massachusetts’ three-year strategic plan. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/47/f6/47f62a2b-a673-4643-9448-f519eac2e9b2/pplm_stratigeic_plan_one_pager.pdf
  • Pulshiper, C. A., Montoya, J. A., Plant, A., Curtis, P., Holloway, I. W., & Leibowitz, A. A. (2016). Addressing PrEP disparities among young gay and bisexual men in California. California HIV/AIDS Research Program. https://aplahealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/APLA_PrEP_FullReport_WEB.pdf
  • Pyra, M., Rusie, L. K., Baker, K. K., Baker, A., Ridgway, J., & Schneider, J. (2020). Correlations of HIV preexposure prophylaxis indications and uptake, Chicago, Illinois, 2015-2018. American Journal of Public Health, 110(3), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305469
  • Ransome, Y., Bogart, L. M., Kawachi, I., Kaplan, A., Mayer, K. H., & Ojikutu, B. (2020). Area-level HIV risk and socioeconomic factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among black people in the U.S. South. Annals of Epidemiology, 42, 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.11.002
  • Restar, A. J., Kuhns, L., Reisner, S. L., Ogunbajo, A., Garofalo, R., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2018). Acceptability of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis from a cohort of sexually experienced young transgender women in two US cities. AIDS and Behavior, 22(11), 3649–3657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2127-0
  • Sevelius, J. M., Poteat, T., Luhur, W. E., Reisner, S. L., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). HIV testing and PrEP use in a national probability sample of sexually active transgender people in the United States. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 84(5), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002403
  • Shover, C. L., Javanbakht, M., Shoptaw, S., Bolan, R. K., Lee, S.-J., Parsons, J. T., Rendina, J., & Gorbach, P. M. (2018). HIV preexposure prophylaxis initiation at a large community clinic: Differences between eligibility, awareness, and uptake. American Journal of Public Health, 108(10), 1408–1417. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304623
  • Siegler, A. J., Mouhanna, F., Giler, R. M., Weiss, K., Pembleton, E., Guest, J., Jones, J., Castel, A., Yeung, H., Kramer, M., McCallister, S., & Sullivan, P. S. (2018). The prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis use and the pre-exposure prophylaxis–to-need ratio in the fourth quarter of 2017, United States. Annals of Epidemiology, 28(12), 841–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.06.005
  • Sullivan, P. S., Giler, R. M., Mouhanna, F., Pembleton, E. S., Guest, J. L., Jones, J., Castel, A. D., Yeung, H., Kramer, M., McCallister, S., & Siegler, A. J. (2018). Trends in the use of oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection, United States, 2012-2017. Annals of Epidemiology, 28(12), 833–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.06.009
  • Tanner, M. R., Miele, P., Carter, W., Valentine, S. S., Dunville, R., Kapogiannis, B. G., & Smith, D. K. (2020). Preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV acquisition among adolescents: Clinical considerations, 2020. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 69(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6903a1
  • Valencia, R., Wang, L. Y., Dunville, R., Sharma, A., Sanchez, T., & Rosenberg, E. (2018). Sexual risk behaviors in adolescent sexual minority males: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 39(6), 619–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-018-0525-8
  • Whitfield, T., Parsons, J. T., & Rendina, H. J. (2020). Rates of pre-exposure prophylaxis use and discontinuation among a large U.S. national sample of sexual minority men and adolescents. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01602-z
  • World Health Organization. (2018). WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection: Module 5: Monitoring and evaluation. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/279834/WHO-CDS-HIV-18.10-eng.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.