Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate/exfoliated-graphene and the relationship between activation energy and band gap

References

• Alam, S. N., N. Sharma, and L. Kumar. 2017. Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummers method and its thermal reduction to obtained reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Graphene 6:1–18. doi:10.4236/graphene.2017.61001.
   Google Scholar
• Alizadeh-Gheshlaghi, E., B. Shaabani, A. Khodayari, Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, and R. Rahimi. 2012. Investigation of the catalytic activity of nano-sized CuO, Co3O4 and CuCo2O4 powders on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Powder Technology 217:330–339. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.10.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avouris, P., and C. Dimitrakopoulos. 2012. Graphene: Synthesis and applications. Materials Today 15 ([3]):86–96. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(12)70044-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoman, E., and S. G. Hosseini. 2016. Synthesis of CuO nanopowders by high-energy ball-milling method and investigation of their catalytic activity on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate particles. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 123:1213–24. doi:10.1007/s10973-015-5059-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bircomshaw, L., and B. Newman. 1955. Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Proceedings of the Royal Society A227:228–37.
   Google Scholar
• Boldyrev, V. V. 2006. Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Thermochimica Acta 443 ([1]):1–36. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2005.11.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boldyrev, V. V., V. V. Aleksandrov, A. V. Boldyreva, V. I. Gritsan, Y. Y. Karpenko, P. P. Korobenichev, V. Panifilov, and F. Khanetidenov. 1970. Mechanism of the thermo decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, Combustion and. Flame 15 ([1]):71–77. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(70)80066-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi, S., and P. N. Dave. 2013. A review on the use of nanometals as catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 17:135–49. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenas, A. 1993. Solid Rocket Propulsion Technology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dedgaonkar, V. G., and D. B. Sarwade. 1990. Effects of different additives on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 36 ([1]):223–29. doi:10.1007/BF01912084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey, A., J. Athar, P. Varma, H. Prasant, A. K. Sikder, and S. Chattopadhyay. 2015. Graphene-iron oxide nanocomposites: An efficient catalyst for ammonium perchlorate decomposition and burn rate enhancer for AP based composite propellant. RSC Advances 5:1950–60. doi:10.1039/C4RA10812D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, N. R., and H. Smith. 1998. Applied regression analysis. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Houston, P. L. 2001. Chemical Kinetics and reaction dynamics. New York: Dover Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, A., E. Z. Kurmaev, and A. Moewes. 2014. Band gap engineering of graphene oxide by chemical modification. Carbon 75:366–71. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, P. W. M., and A. Russell-Jones. 1967. The thermal decomposition and ignition of mixtures of ammonium perchlorate and copper chromite. Symposium International on Combustion 11 ([1]):457–62. doi:10.1016/S0082-0784(67)80170-X.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, P. W. M., and H. M. White. 1969. Decomposition and combustion of ammonium perchlorate. Chemical Reviews 69 ([4]):551–90. doi:10.1021/cr60260a005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan, M. P. 1987. Thermal decomposition of doped ammonium perchlorate. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 32 ([4]):1219–27. doi:10.1007/BF01905176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khairetidinov, E. F., T. V. Mulina, and V. V. Boldyrev. 1976. Nucleation mechanism during low temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. J. Solid State Chemistry 17 ([1–2]):213–19. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90222-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishore, K., and K. Sridhara. 1999. Solid propellant chemistry: condensed phase behaviour of ammonium perchlorate-based solid propellants. Delhi: DESIDOC.
   Google Scholar
• Klotz, I. M., and R. M. Rosenberg. 2000. Chemical thermodynamics: Basic theory and principles. New York: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, H., P. N. Tengli, V. Mishra, P. Tripathi, A. Bhushan, and P. Mishra. 2017. The effect of reduced graphene oxide on the catalytic activity of Cu-Cr-O-TiO2 to enhance the thermal decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate: An efficient fuel oxidizer for solid rocket motors and missiles. RSC Advances 7:36594–604. doi:10.1039/C7RA06012B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, Q., S. Zhu, X. Luo, M. Zou, and S. Huang. 2012. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of graphene oxides. AIP Advances 2:ID:032146. doi:10.1063/1.4747817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshmi, V. M., S. R. Chakravarty, A. G. Rajedran, and C. R. Thomas. 2016. Effect of crystallization parameters and presence of surfactant on ammonium perchlorate crystal characteristics. Particulate Science and Technology 34 ([3]):308–16. doi:10.1080/02726351.2015.1076102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, N., M. Cao, Q. Wu, and C. Hu. 2012. A facile one-step method to produce Ni/Graphene nanocomposites and their application to the thermal decomposition of ammonium Perchlorate. CrystEngComm 14:428–34. doi:10.1039/C1CE05858D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, N., Z. Geng, M. Cao, L. Ren, X. Zhao, B. Liu, Y. Tian, and C. Hu. 2013. Well-dispersed ultrafine Mn3O4 nanoparticles on graphene as a promising catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Carbon 54:124–32. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matar, S. F., G. Campet, and M. A. Subramanian. 2011. Electronic properties of oxides: Chemical and theoretical approaches. Progress in Solid State Chemistry 39:70–95. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2011.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvez, K., Z. Wu, R. Li, X. Liu, R. Graf, X. Feng, and K. Müllen. 2014. Exfoliation of graphite into graphene in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 136:6083–91. doi:10.1021/ja5017156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peiris, S. M., G. I. Pangilinan, and T. P. Russell. 2000. Structural properties of ammonium perchlorate compressed to 5.6 GPa. Journal of Physical Chemistry A104:11188–93. doi:10.1021/jp002168c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ping, C., F. Li, Z. Jian, and J. Wei. 2006. Preparation of Cu/CNT composite particles and catalytic performance on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechniques 31 ([6]):452–55. doi:10.1002/prep.200600061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portier, J., H. S. Hilal, I. Saadeddin, S. J. Hwang, M. A. Subramanian, and G. Campet. 2004. Thermodynamic correlations and band gap calculations in metal oxides. Progress in Solid State Chemistry 32:207–17. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2005.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raevsky, A. V., and G. B. Manelis. 1963. On the mechanism of decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (In Russian). Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR 151 ([4]):886–89.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Pesina, M., J. Garcia-Dominguez, F. Garcia-Hernandez, L. M. Flores-Velez, and O. Dominguez. 2017. The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate-aluminum propellants in presence of metallic zinc particles. Material Science and Applications 8 ([6]):436–47. doi:10.4236/msa.2017.86030.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. N., and L. C. Smith. 1967. Estimation of the pre-exponential factor from the thermal decomposition curve of unweighed sample. Analytical Chemistry 39 ([8]):1024–25. doi:10.1021/ac60252a009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Y., S. Yang, P. Zhou, Q. Sun, P. Wang, L. Wan, J. Li, L. Chen, X. Wang, S. Ding, and D. Zhang. 2013. Evolution of the band-gap and optical properties of graphene oxide with controllable reduction level. Carbon 62:157–64. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shteinberg, A. S. 2010. Fast reactions in energetic materials: high-temperature decomposition of rocket propellants and explosives. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Survase, D. V., M. Gupta, and S. N. Asthana. 2002. The effect of Nd2O3 on the thermal and ballistic properties of ammonium perchlorate (AP) based composite propellants. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 45 ([1–2]):161–65. doi:10.1016/S0960-8974(02)00043-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Z. Liu, Y. Qin, and W. Hu. 2014. Fabrication of Co3O4/graphene oxide composites using supercritical fluid and their catalytic application for the decomposition of Ammonium perchlorate. CrystEngComm 16:2001–08. doi:10.1039/c3ce41535j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y. L., Z. Tian, G. P. Simon, and D. Li. 2015. Scalable production of graphene via wet chemistry: Progress and challenges. Materials Today 18 ([2]):73–78. doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2014.08.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, J., G. Zeng, F. Nie, X. Xu, S. Chen, Q. Han, and X. Wang. 2010. Decorating graphene oxide with CuO nanoparticles in a water-isopropanol system. Nanoscale 2:988–94. doi:10.1039/b9nr00414a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar