Manufacture of Standardized Dried Extracts from Medicinal Brazilian Plants

REFERENCES

• Petrovick , P.R. ; Marques , L.C. ; De Paula , I.C. New rules for phytopharmaceutical drug registration in Brazil . Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1999 , 66 , 51 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akerele , O. Summary of WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines . HerbalGram 1993 , 28 , 13 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Calixto , J.B. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents) . Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2000 , 33 , 179 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , K. Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines . Chemosphere 2003 , 52 , 1361 – 1371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busse , W. The significance of quality for efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal products . Drug Information Journal 2000 , 34 , 15 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Souza , C.R.F. ; Oliveira , W.P. Spouted bed drying of Bauhinia forficata Link extract: The effects of feed atomizer position and operating conditions on equipment performance and product properties . Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005 , 22 ( 2 ), 239 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan , G.S.V. ; Orsat , V. Electro-technology in drying and processing of biological materials . Proc. of the 11th Int. Drying Symp. 1998 , A , 73 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Bott , R.F. Comparative study of the production of dried extracts of medicinal plants by spray and spouted bed drying , FCFRP/USP : Ribeirão Preto , 2001 (Internal Report, Program PIBIC CNPq/USP; in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro , D.S. Production of dried extract of Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex Reiss by spouted bed process. Master's thesis; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil , 2000 (in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Runha , F.P. Development and Analytical Evaluation of Dried Extract of Maytenus ilicifolia by Spouted Bed Process , FCFRP/USP: Riberão Preto, 2000 (Internal Report, Program PIBIC CNPq/USP,in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Runha , F.P. ; Cordeiro , D.S. ; Pereira , C.A.M. ; Vilegas , J. ; Oliveira , W.P. Production of dry extracts of medicinal Brazilian plants by spouted bed process: Development of the process and evaluation of thermal degradation during drying operation . Trans Ichem 2001 , 79 ( C ), 160 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Senna , E.L. ; Petrovick , P.R. ; Ortega , G.G. ; Bassani , V.L. Preparation and characterization of spray dried powders from Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) DC extracts . Phytotherapy Research 1997 , 11 ( 2 ), 123 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza , K.C.B. Development of analytical and technological methodologies for obtaining nebulized dried extracts of Passiflora edulis variedade flavicarpa, Master's thesis; PPGCF-Fac. Farmácia/UFRGS , Brazil , 1997 (in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Souza , C.R.F. Comparative study of the production of dried extract of Bauhinia forficata Link by spray and spouted bed drying, Master's thesis; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil , 2003 (in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Souza , C.R.F. ; Oliveira , W.P. Dried extracts of Bauhinia forficata Link obtained by spray drying: Effect of operating parameters on thermal degradation of active compounds and on physical properties of the product . Proc. of the XV Braz. Cong. of Chem. Eng. ” 2004 , (CD-Rom, in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro , D.S. ; Oliveira , W.P. Technical aspects of the production of dried extract of Maytenus ilicifolia leaves by jet spouted bed drying . International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2005 , 299 ( 1&2 ), 115 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira , H.F. Evaluation of the influence of pharmaceutical excipients on physical, chemical, technological and pharmacological characteristics of nebulized extracts of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. Compositae—Marcela, Master's thesis; PPGCF/UFRGS, Porto Alegre , Brazil , 1996 (in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. Spray drying of tomato pulp in dehumified air: II . The effect on powder properties. Journal of Food Engineering 2005 , 66 , 35 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. ; Kazakis , N.A. Influence of spray drying conditions on tomato powder properties . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 5 ), 1129 – 1151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , K. Spray Drying Handbook, , 3rd Ed ; George Godwin, Ltd. : London , 1985 .
   Google Scholar
• Elversson , J. ; Millqvist-Fureby , A. ; Alderborn , G. ; Elofsson , U. Droplet and particle size relationship and shell thickness of inhalable lactose particles during spray drying . Journal of Pharmacuatical Sciences 2003 , 92 ( 4 ), 900 – 910 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elversson , J. ; Millqvist-Fureby , A. Particle size and density in spray drying–Effects of carbohydrate properties . Journal of Pharmacuatical Sciences 2005 , 94 ( 9 ), 2049 – 2060 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , T. ; Bridgwater , J. The stability of wet spouted beds . Drying Technology 1993 , 11 ( 2 ), 277 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha , R.L. ; Maialle , K.G. ; Menegalli , F.C. Evaluation of the drying process in spouted bed and spout fluidized bed of xanthan gum: Focus on product quality . Powder Technology 2000 , 107 , 234 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros , M.F.D. ; Rocha , S.C.S. ; Alsina , O.L.S. ; Jero∘nimo , C.E.M. ; Medeiros , U.K.L. ; da Mata , A.L.M.L. Drying of pulps of tropical fruits in spouted bed: Effect of composition on dryer performance . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 ( 4&5 ), 855 – 881 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzner , P.I. ; Freire , J.T. Effect of the presence of paste in a conical spouted bed dryer with continuous feeding . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 ( 4&5 ), 789 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maialle , K.G. ; Cunha , R. ; Menegalli , F.C. Drying of suspensions in a spout-fluidized bed: Study of critical conditions of operation . Proc. 13th Int. Drying Symp. 2002 , A , 555 – 562 .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , J.A. ; Fulton , M. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs ; CRC Press : Boca Ranton , FL , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Balee , W. Footprints of the Forest, Ka'apor Ethnobotany—The Historical Ecology of Plant Utilization by an Amazonian People ; Columbia University Press : New York , 1999 .
   Google Scholar
• Mowrey , D.B. The Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine ; Keats Publishing : New Canaan , CT , 1986 .
   Google Scholar
• Petry , G. ; Ortega , G. ; Silva , B. Flavonoid content assay: Influence of the reagent concentration and reaction time on the spectrophotometric behavior of the aluminum chloride—Flavonoid complex . Pharmazie 2001 , 56 ( 6 ), 465 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazilian Pharmacopoeia . 4th Ed ; Atheneu : São Paulo , 1988 ( in Portuguese ).
   Google Scholar
• Lim , H. ; Kim , M.K. ; Lim , Y. ; Cho , Y.H. ; Lee , C.H. Inhibition of cell-cycle progression in HeLa Cells by HY52, a novel cylin-dependent kinase inhibitor isolated from Bauhinia forficata. Cancer Letters 2006 , 233 ( 1 ), 89 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Lino , C.S. ; Diogenes , J.P. ; Pereira , B.A. ; Faria , R.A. ; Andrade Neto , M. ; Alves , R.S. ; De Queiroz , M.G. ; De Sousa , F.C. ; Viana , G.S. Antidiabetic activity of Bauhinia forficata extracts in alloxan-diabetic rats . Biological & Pharmaceatical Bulletin 2004 , 27 ( 11 ), 125 – 127 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeh , G.Y. ; Eisemberg , D.M. ; Kaptchuk , T.J. ; Phillips , R.S. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes . Diabetes Care 2003 , 26 ( 4 ), 1277 – 1294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , L. Wealth of the Rainforest, Pharmacy to the World ; Raintree Nutrition, Inc .: Austin , TX , 1996 .
   Google Scholar
• WHO . Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials ; WHO : Geneva , 1998 .
   Google Scholar
• Souza , C.R.F. ; Oliveira , W.P. Comparative study of the evaporation capacity of the conventional and jet spouted bed dryers for liquid materials . Proc. 13th Int. Drying Symp. 2002 , B , 808 – 816 .
   Google Scholar
• Martins , A.G. Influence of technological factors on analytical and pharmacological evaluation of dried extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex Reiss. Master's thesis; PPGCF/UFRGS, Porto Alegre , Brazil , 1998 (in Portuguese) .
   Google Scholar
• Brasil. Resolução, RDC no. 150. Online at: http://www.febrafarma.org.br/imagens/tec_rec_arquivos/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20150.doc. Accessed 01/06/2004 .
   Google Scholar
• Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução, RE no. 899 . Guide for validation of analytical and bioanalytical methods . Online at: http://e-legis.bvs.br/leisref/public/showAct.php?id = 5745 > . Accessed 01/06/2004 .
   Google Scholar
• Bauer , R. Quality criteria and standardization phytopharmaceuticals: Can acceptable drug standards be achieved? Drug Information Journal 1998 , 32 , 101 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Peixoto , M.P.G. ; Monteiro , A.P.R. ; Freitas , L.A.P. Determination of residence time of paste during drying of a phytomedicine in a spouted bed . Proc. Int. Drying Symp. 2004 , A , 232 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Lapple , C.E. Processes use many collection types . Chemical Engineering 1951 , 58 ( 8 ), 145 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Theodore , L. ; DePaola , V. Predicting cyclone efficiency . Journal of Air Pollution Control (APCA) 1980 , 30 ( 10 ), 1132 – 1133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djamarani , K.M. ; Clark , I.M. Characterization of particle size based on fine and coarse fractions . Powder Technology 1997 , 93 ( 2 ), 101 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikli , V. ; Kaerdi , H. ; Kulu , P. ; Besterci , M. Characterization of powder particle morphology . Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Eng. 2001 , 7 , 22 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Nukiyama , S. ; Tanasawa , Y. An experiment on the atomisation of liquid by means of air stream . Trans. Soc. Mech. Eng. (Japan) 1938 , 4 ( 14 ), 86 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Wesolowski , M. ; Konieczynski , P. Thermoanalytical, chemical and principal component analysis of plant drugs . International Journal of Pharmaceuticals 2003 , 262 , 29 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari , B.R. ; Datta , N. ; Howes , T. Problems associated with spray drying of sugar-rich foods . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 ( 2 ), 671 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar