Combined Crystallization and Drying in a Pilot-Scale Spray Dryer

REFERENCES

• Bhandari , B.R. ; Howes , T. Implication of glass transition for the drying and stability of dried foods . Journal of Food Engineering 1998 , 40 ( 1 ), 71 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , K. Spray Drying an Introduction to Principles, Operational Practice and Applications ; Leonard Hill Books : London , 1972 .
   Google Scholar
• Ozmen , L. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Comparison of glass transition temperature and stick point temperature for skim milk powder . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 ( 6 ), 1177 – 1192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , G.W. ; Cakebread , S.H. The glassy state in certain sugar containing food products . International Journal of Food Science and Technology 1966 , 1 ( 1 ), 73 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhandari , B.R. ; Datta , N. ; Howes , T. Problems associated with spray drying of sugar-rich foods . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 ( 2 ), 671 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckton , G. ; Darcy , P. Assessment of disorder in crystalline powders—A review of analytical techniques and their application. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1999, 179(2), 141–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouppila , K. ; Kansikas , J. ; Roos , Y.H. Glass transition, water plasticization, and lactose crystallization in skim milk powder . Journal of Dairy Sciences 1997 , 80 ( 12 ), 3152 – 3160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouppila , K. ; Roos , Y.H. Glass transitions and crystallization in milk powders . Journal of Dairy Sciences 1994 , 77 ( 10 ), 2907 – 2915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou , D. ; Langrish , T.A.G. ; Braham , R. Partial crystallization behaviour during spray drying: simulations and experiments . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 1 ), 27 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. ; Wang , S. Crystallization rates for amorphous sucrose and lactose powders from spray drying: A comparison . Drying Technology 2009 , 27 ( 4 ), 606 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , G. The Anhydro Paradry process . In The Importance of Whey and Whey Components in Food and Nutrition (Proceedings of the International Whey Conference) ; B. Behr's Verlag : Munich , Germany , 2001 ; 1 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Písecký , J. Spray drying in the cheese industry . International Dairy Journal 2005 , 15 ( 6–9 ), 531 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuck , P. ; Dolivet , A. Lactose crystallization: Determination of a-lactose monohydrate in spray-dried dairy products . Lait 2002 , 82 ( 4 ), 413 – 421 .
   Google Scholar
• Chiou , D. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Crystallization of amorphous components in spray-dried powders . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 9 ), 1427 – 1435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou , D. ; Langrish , T.A.G. ; Braham , R. The effect of temperature on the crystallinity of lactose powders produced by spray drying . Journal of Food Engineering 2008 , 86 ( 2 ), 288 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque , M.K. ; Roos , Y.H. Crystallization and X-ray diffraction of spray dried and freeze-dried amorphous lactose . Carbohydrate Research 2004 , 340 ( 2 ), 293 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam , M.I.U. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Comparing the crystallization of sucrose and lactose in spray dryers . Food and Bioproducts Processing 2009 , 87 ( 2 ), 87 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Roos , Y.H. ; Karel , M. Differential scanning calorimetry study of phase transitions affecting the quality of dehydrated materials . Biotechnology Progress 1990 , 6 ( 2 ), 159 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos , Y.H. ; Karel , M. Plasticizing effect of water on thermal behaviour and crystallization of amorphous food models . Journal of Food Science 1991 , 56 ( 1 ), 38 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos , Y.H. ; Karel , M. Crystallization of amorphous lactose . Journal of Food Science 1992 , 57 ( 3 ), 775 – 777 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley , D.E. Scale-up of spray dryers with the aid of computational fluid dynamics . Drying Technology 1994 , 12 ( 1 ), 217 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F. ; Kerkhof , P.J.A.M. Measurements of particle residence time distributions in a co-current spray dryer . Drying Technology 1995 , 13 ( 5–7 ), 1241 – 1248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thybo , P. ; Hovgaard , L. ; Lindelov , J.S. ; Brask , A. ; Andersen , S.K. Scaling up the spray drying process from pilot to production scale using an atomized droplet size criterion . Pharmaceutical Research 2008 , 25 ( 7 ), 1610 – 1620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kota , K. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Prediction of deposition patterns in a pilot-scale spray dryer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations . Chemical Product and Process Modeling 2007 , 3 ( 2 ), Art. 26.
   Google Scholar
• Southwell , D.B. ; Langrish , T.A.G. The effect of swirl on flow stability in spray dryers . Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2001 , 79 ( 3 ), 222 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwell , D.B. Operability and performance assessment of spray dryers. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. ; Chan , W.C. ; Kota , K. Comparison of maltodextrin and skim milk wall deposition rates in a pilot-scale spray dryer . Powder Technology 2007 , 179 ( 1–2 ), 84 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozmen , L. ; Langrish , T.A.G. An experimental investigation of the wall deposition of milk powder in a pilot-scale spray dryer . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 7 ), 1253 – 1272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maa , Y.F. ; Costantino , H.R. ; Nguyen , P.A. ; Hsu , C.C. The effect of operating and formulation variables on the morphology of spray-dried protein particles . Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 1997 , 2 ( 3 ), 213 – 223 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prinn , K.B. ; Costantino , H.R. ; Tracy , M. Statistical modeling of protein spray drying at the lab scale . AAPS PharmSciTech 2002 , 3 ( 1 ), 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Ibach , A. ; Kind , M. Crystallization kinetics of amorphous lactose, whey permeate and whey powders . Carbohydrate Research 2007 , 342 ( 10 ), 1357 – 1365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronlund , J. ; Paterson , T. Moisture sorption isotherms for crystalline, amorphous and predominantly crystalline lactose powders . International Dairy Journal 2004 , 14 ( 3 ), 247 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , V.L. ; Craig , D.Q.M. ; Freely , L.C. Characterisation of spray-dried lactose using modulated differential scanning calorimetry . International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1998 , 161 ( 1 ), 95 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehto , V.P. ; Tenho , M. ; Vähä-Heikkilä , K. ; Harjunen , P. ; Päällysaho , M. ; Välisaari , J. ; Niemelä , P. ; Järvinen , K. The comparison of seven different methods to quantify the amorphous content of spray dried lactose . Powder Technology 2006 , 167 ( 2 ), 85 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , S. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Measurements of the crystallization rates of amorphous sucrose and lactose powders from spray drying . International Journal of Food Engineering 2007 , 3 ( 4 ), 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , M.L. ; Landel , R.F. ; Ferry , J.D. The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids . Journal of the American Chemical Society 1955 , 77 ( 14 ), 3701 – 3707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam , M.I.U. ; Langrish , T.A.G. An investigation into lactose crystallization under high temperature conditions during spray drying . Food Research International 2010 , 43 ( 1 ), 46 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefort , R. ; Caron , V. ; Willart , J.F. ; Descamps , M. Mutarotational kinetics and glass transition of lactose . Solid State Communications 2006 , 140 ( 7–8 ), 329 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gombás , A. ; Szabó-Révész , P. ; Kata , M. ; Regdon , G. Jr. ; Erõs , I. Quantitative determination of crystallinity of α -lactose monohydrate by DSC . Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2002 , 68 ( 2 ), 503 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent , J. ; McLeod , J. Spray-Dryer Optimization. http://www.niroinc.com/html/chemical/cpdfs/spray_dryer_optimization.pdf (accessed August 12, 2010).
   Google Scholar
• Islam , M.I.U. ; Langrish , T.A.G. ; Chiou , D. Particle crystallization during spray drying in humid air . Journal of Food Engineering 2010 , 99 ( 1 ), 55 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamy , T. ; Collins , N. ; Langrish , T.A.G. The use of water deposition to study the main factors in wall collisions of droplets in a pharmaceutical-scale spray dryer . Atomisation and Sprays 2008 , 18 ( 6 ), 523 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar