The Effect of Fats in Whey Protein Isolate Powder

REFERENCES

• Anandharamakrishnan , C. ; Rielly , C.D. ; Stapley , A.G.F. Effects of process variables on the denaturation of whey proteins during spray drying . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 4–6 ), 799 – 807 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daemen , A.L.H. ; Vanderstege , H.J. The destruction of enzymes and bacteria during the spray drying of milk and whey. 2. The effect of the drying conditions . Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 1982 , 36 ( 3 ), 211 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Dewit , J.N. Structure and functionl behaviour of whey proteins . Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 1981 , 35 ( 1 ), 47 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. ; Swenson , P.E. ; Richter , R.L. Functional characteristics of whey protein concentrates . Journal of Food Science 1973 , 38 ( 2 ), 324 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheftel , J.C. ; Lorient , D. The functional properties of milk proteins and their improvement . Lait 1982 , 62 ( 617 ), 435 – 483 .
   Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. Chemistry of milk proteins in food processing . Journal of Dairy Science 1975 , 58 ( 7 ), 977 – 984 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. Whey protein concentrates: Update . Food Technology 1976 , 30 ( 3 ), 18 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. Functionality of whey proteins . New Zealand Journal of Dairy Science and Technology 1979 , 14 ( 2 ), 185 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , D.G. Whey products . New Zealand Journal of Dairy Science and Technology 1979 , 14 ( 2 ), 208 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohdan , L.L. ; Tina , A. ; Anderson , G.H. Whey proteins in the regulation of food intake and satiety . Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2007 , 26 ( 6 ), 704 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , H.-Y. Food-processing approaches to altering allergenic potential of milk-based formula . The Journal of Pediatrics 1992 , 121 ( 5 ), 847 – 850 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R.H. ; Packard , V.S. ; Morris , H.A. Effect of procesing on whey-protein functionality . Journal of Dairy Science 1984 , 67 ( 11 ), 2723 – 2733 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisecky , J. Standards, specifications and test methods for the dry milk powders . In Concentration and Drying of Foods , Vol. 1 ; MacCarthy , D. , Ed.; Elsevier : London , 1986 ; 203 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Devilder , J. ; Moermans , R. ; Martens , R. Free fat contents and other physical characteristics of whole milk powder . Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International 1977 , 32 ( 6 ), 347 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• Buma , T.J. Free fat in spray-dried whole milk. 1. General introduction and brief review of literature . Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal-Nederlands-Nederlands Melk En Zuiveltijdschrift 1971 , 25 ( 1 ), 33 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari , B. ; Howes , T. ; Bhandari , B.R. ; Troung , V. Surface stickiness of drops of carbohydrate and organic acid solutions during convective drying: Experiments and modeling . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 5 ), 839 – 873 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari , B. ; Howes , T. ; Bhandari , B.R. ; Truong , V. Characterization of the surface stickiness of fructose-maltodextrin solutions during drying . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 1 ), 17 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari , B. ; Howes , T. Relating the stickiness property of foods undergoing drying and dried products to their surface energetics. Drying Technology 2005, 23(4), 781–797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. Spray drying of tomato pulp: Effect of feed concentration . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 10 ), 2309 – 2330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari , B.R. ; Datta , N. ; Crooks , R. ; Howes , T. ; Rigby , S. A semi-empirical approach to optimise the quantity of drying aids required to spray dry sugar-rich foods . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 ( 10 ), 2509 – 2525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayasundera , M. ; Adhikari , B. ; Adhikari , R. ; Aldred , P. The effect of protein types and low molecular weight surfactants on spray drying of sugar-rich foods . Food Hydrocolloids 2011 , 25 ( 3 ), 459 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayasundera , M. ; Adhikari , B.P. ; Adhikari , R. ; Aldred , P. The effect of food-grade low-molecular-weight surfactants and sodium caseinate on spray drying of sugar-rich foods . Food Biophysics 2010 , 5 ( 2 ), 128 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanus , M.J. ; Langrish , T.A.G. Re-entrainment of wall deposits from a laboratory-scale spray dryer . Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2007 , 2 ( 2 ), 90 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , E.H.J. ; Chen , X.D. ; Pearce , D.Surface composition of industrial spray-dried milk powders. 3. Changes in the surface composition during long-term storage . Journal of Food Engineering 2009 , 94 ( 2 ), 182 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozmen , L. ; Langrish , T.A.G. An experimental investigation of the wall deposition of milk powder in a pilot-scale spray dryer . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 7 ), 1253 – 1272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rückold , S. ; Grobecker , K.H. ; Isengard , H.D. Determination of the contents of water and moisture in milk powder . Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2000 , 368 ( 5 ), 522 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , E.H.J. ; Chen , X.D. ; Pearce , D. Melting characteristics of fat present on the surface of industrial spray-dried dairy powders . Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces 2005 , 42 ( 1 ), 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , J. ; Kelly , P.M. ; Harrington , D. Influence of processing variables on the physicochemical properties of spray dried fat-based milk powders . Le Lait 2002 , 82 ( 4 ), 401 – 412 .
   Google Scholar
• Vignolles , M.L. ; Jeantet , R. ; Lopez , C. ; Schuck , P. Free fat, surface fat and dairy powders: Interactions between process and product: A review . Le Lait 2007 , 87 ( 3 ), 187 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , P.S. Production of agglomerated fat‐filled milk powder . International Journal of Dairy Technology 1980 , 33 ( 1 ), 19 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. ; Lee , S.L. Microstructure of whey-protein anhydrous milk fat emulsions . Food Structure 1993 , 12 ( 2 ), 267 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. ; Young , S.L. ; Brooker , B.E. ; Colombo , V.E. Whey proteins as microencapsulating agents-microencapsulation of anhydrous milk fat structure evaluation . Food Structure 1993 , 12 ( 1 ), 31 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , S.L. ; Sarda , X. ; Rosenberg , M. Microencapsulating properties of whey-proteins. 1. Microencapsuation of anhydrous milk fat . Journal of Dairy Science 1993 , 76 ( 10 ), 2868 – 2877 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , S.L. ; Sarda , X. ; Rosenberg , M. Microencapsulating properties of whey-proteins. 2. Combination of whey proteins with carbohydrates . Journal of Dairy Science 1993 , 76 ( 10 ), 2878 – 2885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mistry , V.V. ; Hassan , H.N. ; Robison , D.J. ; McMahon , D.J. ; Holcomb , D.N. ; Harwalkar , V.R. Effect of lactose and protein on the microstructure of dried milk . Food Structure 1992 , 11 ( 1 ), 73 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faldt , P. ; Bergenstahl , B. The surface compostion of spray-dried protein lactose powders . Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 1994 , 90 ( 2–3 ), 183 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faldt , P. ; Sjoholm , I. Characterization of spray-dried whole milk . Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International 1996 , 51 ( 2 ), 88 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Jafari , S.M. ; He , Y.H. ; Bhandari , B. Role of powder particle size on the encapsulation efficiency of oils during spray drying . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 4–6 ), 1081 – 1089 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , E.H.J. ; Chen , X.D. ; Pearce , D. Surface characterization of four industrial spray-dried dairy powders in relation to chemical composition, structure and wetting property . Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2002 , 26 ( 3 ), 197 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito , Z. Particle structure in spary-dried whole milk and in instant milk powder as related to lactose crystallization . Food Microstructure 1985 , 4 ( 2 ), 333 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Faldt , P. ; Bergenstahl , B. Spray-dried whey protein/lactose/soybean oil emulsions. 1. Surface composition and particle structure . Food Hydrocolloids 1996 , 10 ( 4 ), 421 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs , T. ; Seah , M.S. Particle Surface Analysis, Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, , 2nd ed. , Vol. 1 ; John Wiley and Sons : London , 1994 ; pp . 114 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Faldt , P. ; Bergenstahl , B. ; Carlsson , G. The surface coverage of fat on food powders analyzed by ESCA (electrical spectroscopy for chemical analysis) . Food Structure 1993 , 12 ( 2 ), 225 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millqvist-Fureby , A. ; Elofsson , U. ; Bergenstahl , B. Surface composition of spray-dried milk protein-stabilised emulsions in relation to pre-heat treatment of proteins . Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2001 , 21 ( 1–3 ), 47 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , E.H.J. ; Chen , X.D. ; Pearce , D. On the mechanisms of surface formation and the surface compositions of industrial milk powders . Drying Technology 2003 , 21 ( 2 ), 265 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouppila , K. ; Roos , Y.H. Glass transition and crystallization and milk powders . Journal of Dairy Science 1994 , 77 ( 10 ), 2907 – 2915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijdam , J.J. ; Langrish , T.A.G. The effect of surface composition on the functional properties of milk powders . Journal of Food Engineering 2006 , 77 ( 4 ), 919 – 925 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha , A.K. ; Howes , T. ; Adhikari , B.P. ; Bhandari , B.R. Spray drying of skim milk mixed with milk permeate: Effect on drying behavior, physicochemical properties, and storage stability of powder . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 2 ), 239 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulsson , M. ; Hegg , P.O. ; Castberg , H. Thermal stability of whey proteins studied by differential scanning calorimetry . Thermochimica Acta 1985 , 95 ( 2 ), 435 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , M. ; Li , C.L. ; Ding , X.L. Effects of heating conditions on the thermal denaturation of white mushroom suitable for dehydration . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 5 ), 1119 – 1125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , P. ; Labuza , T.P. Effect of water content on glass transition and protein aggregation of whey protein powders during short-term storage . Food Biophysics 2007 , 2 ( 2 ), 108 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison , S.D. ; Chang , B. ; Randolph , T.W. ; Carpenter , J.F. Hydrogen bonding between sugar and protein is responsible for inhibition of dehydration-induced protein unfolding . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1999 , 365 ( 2 ), 289 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davey , C.L. ; Davey , H.M. ; Kell , D.B. ; Todd , R.W. Introduction to the dielectric estimation of celluar biomass in real time, with special emphasis on measurements at high volume fractions . Analytica Chimica Acta 1993 , 279 ( 1 ), 155 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilcott , T.C. ; Chan , M. ; Gaedt , L. ; Nantawisarakul , T. ; Fane , A.G. ; Coster , H.G.L.Electrical impedance spectroscopy characterisation of conducting membranes.I. Theory . Journal of Membrane Science 2002 , 195 ( 2 ), 153 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. ; Foegeding , E.A. Composition and functionallity of commercial whey and milk protein-concentrates and isolates: A status report . Food Technology 1990 , 44 ( 4 ), 100 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morr , C.V. ; Ha , E.Y.W. Whey proteins conentrates and isolates - Processing and functional properties . Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1993 , 33 ( 6 ), 431 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelegrine , D.H.G. ; Gasparetto , C.A. Whey proteins solubility as function of temperature and pH . LWT-Food Science and Technology 2005 , 38 ( 1 ), 77 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar