Microencapsulation of Gac Oil by Spray Drying: Optimization of Wall Material Concentration and Oil Load Using Response Surface Methodology

References

• Aoki , H. ; Kieu , N.T.M. ; Kuze , N. ; Tomisaka , K. ; Chuyen , N.V. Carotenoid pigments in Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG) . Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 2002 , 66 ( 11 ), 2479 – 2482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuong , L.T. ; Franke , A.A. ; Custer , L.J. ; Murphy , S.P. Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (Gac) fruit carotenoids reevaluated . Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2006 , 19 ( 6–7 ), 664 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kha , T.C. ; Nguyen , M.H. ; Roach , P.D. ; Parks , S.E. ; Stathopoulos , C. Gac fruit: Nutrient and phytochemical composition, and options for processing . Food Reviews International 2013 , 29 ( 1 ), 92 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal , S. ; Rao , A.V. Tomato lycopene and its role in human health and chronic diseases . Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000 , 163 ( 6 ), 739 – 744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , S. ; Obermuller-Jevic , U.C. ; Hellmis , E. ; Koch , W. ; Jacobi , G. ; Biesalski , H.K. Lycopene inhibits progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia . The Journal of Nutrient 2008 , 138 ( 1 ), 49 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strobel , M. ; Tinz , J. ; Biesalski , H.K. The importance of β-carotene as a source of vitamin A with special regard to pregnant and breastfeeding women . European Journal of Nutrition 2007 , 46 ( supplement 1 ), 11 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Vuong , L.T. ; Dueker , S.R. ; Murphy , S.P. Plasma β-carotene and retinol concentrations of children increase after a 30-d supplementation with the fruit Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac) . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002 , 75 ( 5 ), 872 – 879 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , M.J. ; Ferruzzi , M.G. ; Nguyen , M.L. ; Cooper , D.A. ; Eldridge , A.L. ; Schwartz , S.J. ; White , W.S. Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004 , 80 ( 2 ), 396 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unlu , N.Z. ; Bohn , T. ; Clinton , S.K. ; Schwartz , S.J. Carotenoid absorption from salad and salsa by humans is enhanced by the addition of avocado or avocado oil . Journal of Nutrition 2005 , 135 ( 3 ), 431 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhnlein , H.V. Karat, pulque, and gac: Three shining stars in the traditional food galaxy . Nutrition Reviews 2004 , 62 ( 11 ), 439 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kha , T.C. ; Nguyen , M.H. ; Phan , D.T. ; Roach , P.D. ; Stathopoulos , C.E. Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction of Gac oil at different hydraulic pressure, microwave and steaming conditions . International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013 , 48 ( 7 ), 1436 – 1444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kha , T.C. ; Nguyen , M.H. ; Roach , P.D. ; Stathopoulos , C.E. Effects of Gac aril microwave processing conditions on oil extraction efficiency, and β-carotene and lycopene contents . Journal of Food Engineering 2013 , 117 ( 4 ), 486 – 491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha , G.A. ; Fávaro-Trindade , C.S. ; Grosso , C.R.F. Microencapsulation of lycopene by spray drying: Characterization, stability and application of microcapsules . Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012 , 90 ( 1 ), 37 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arana-Sánchez , A. ; Estarrón-Espinosa , M. ; Obledo-Vázquez , E. ; Padilla-Camberos , E. ; Silva-Vázquez , R. ; Lugo-Cervantes , E. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Mexican oregano essential oils (Lippia graveolens H. B. K.) with different composition when microencapsulated in β-cyclodextrin . Letters in Applied Microbiology 2010 , 50 ( 6 ), 585 – 590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu , B. ; Yu , W. ; Zhao , Y. ; Liu , X. Study on microencapsulation of lycopene by spray-drying . Journal of Food Engineering 2006 , 76 ( 4 ), 664 – 669 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai , K.G.H. ; Park , H.J. Recent developments in microencapsulation of food ingredients . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 7 ), 1361 – 1394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari , S.M. ; Assadpoor , E. ; He , Y. ; Bhandari , B. Encapsulation efficiency of food flavours and oils during spray drying . Drying Technology: An International Journal 2008 , 26 ( 7 ), 816 – 835 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi , F. ; Han , X.Q. Encapsulation of food ingredients . Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1993 , 33 ( 6 ), 501 – 547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jena , S. ; Das , H. Drying of fat rich liquid foods: A review . Journal of Food Science and Technology 2007 , 44 ( 3 ), 229 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Sun-Waterhouse , D. ; Penin-Peyta , L. ; Wadhwa , S.S. ; Waterhouse , G.I.N. Storage stability of phenolic-fortified avocado oil encapsulated using different polymer formulations and co-extrusion technology . Food and Bioprocess Technology 2011 , 5 ( 8 ), 3090 – 3102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , M. ; Aserin , A. ; Svitov , I. ; Garti , N. Enhanced stabilization of cloudy emulsions with gum Arabic and whey protein isolate . Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2010 , 77 ( 1 ), 75 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodea-González , D.A. ; Cruz-Olivares , J. ; Román-Guerrero , A. ; Rodríguez-Huezo , M.E. ; Vernon-Carter , E.J. ; Pérez-Alonso , C. Spray-dried encapsulation of chia essential oil (Salvia hispanica L.) in whey protein concentrate-polysaccharide matrices . Journal of Food Engineering 2012 , 111 ( 1 ), 102 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouyer , E. ; Mekhloufi , G. ; Rosilio , V. ; Grossiord , J.L. ; Agnely , F. Proteins, polysaccharides, and their complexes used as stabilizers for emulsions: Alternatives to synthetic surfactants in the pharmaceutical field? International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2012 , 436 ( 1–2 ), 359 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs , B.F. ; Kermasha , S. ; Alli , I. ; Mulligan , C.N. Encapsulation in the food industry: A review . International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 1999 , 50 ( 3 ), 213 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reineccius , G.A. The spray drying of food flavors . Drying Technology: An International Journal 2004 , 22 ( 6 ), 1289 – 1324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ré , M.I. Microencapsulation by spray drying . Drying Technology: An International Journal 1998 , 16 ( 6 ), 1195 – 1236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baş , D. ; Boyaci , I.H. Modeling and optimization I: Usability of response surface methodology . Journal of Food Engineering 2007 , 78 ( 3 ), 836 – 845 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellalta , P. ; Troncoso , E. ; Zúñiga , R.N. ; Aguilera , J.M. Rheological and microstructural characterization of WPI-stabilized O/W emulsions exhibiting time-dependent flow behavior. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2012, 46(2), 375–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez , M. ; García , H.S. ; Beristain , C.I. Spray-dried encapsulation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) with polymeric matrices . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2006 , 86 ( 14 ), 2431 – 2437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOCS . Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS, ed , 5th ; D. Firestone , Ed; AOCS Press : Champaign, IL , 1998 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , R.A. ; Conway , H.F. ; Pfeifer , V.F. ; Griffin , E.L. Gelatinization of corn grits by roll and extrusion cooking . Cereal Science Today 1969 , 14 ( 1 ), 4 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Soottitantawat , A. ; Yoshii , H. ; Furuta , T. ; Ohkawara , M. ; Linko , P. Microencapsulation by spray drying: Influence of emulsion size on the retention of volatile compounds . Journal of Food Science 2003 , 68 ( 7 ), 2256 – 2262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin , N.A.S. ; Anggoro , D.D. Optimization of direct conversion of methane to liquid fuels over Cu loaded W/ZSM-5 catalyst . Fuel 2004 , 83 ( 4–5 ), 487 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan , L.H. ; Chan , L.W. ; Heng , P.W.S. Effect of oil loading on microspheres produced by spray drying . Journal of Microencapsulation 2005 , 22 ( 3 ), 253 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. A new technique for spray-dried encapsulation of lycopene . Drying Technology 2012 , 30 ( 6 ), 641 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh , T.V. ; Caffin , N. ; Dykes , G. ; Bhandari , B. Optimization of the microencapsulation of lemon myrtle oil using response surface methodology . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 3 ), 357 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na , H.S. ; Kim , J.N. ; Kim , J.M. ; Lee , K.Y. Encapsulation of fish oil using cyclodextrin and whey protein concentrate . Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2011 , 16 ( 6 ), 1077 – 1082 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClements , D.J. Food Emulsions: Principles, Practices, and Techniques, ed; , 2nd CRC Press : Boca Raton, FL , 2005 .
   Google Scholar
• Soottitantawat , A. ; Bigeard , F. ; Yoshii , H. ; Furuta , T. ; Ohkawara , M. ; Linko , P. Influence of emulsion and powder size on the stability of encapsulated d-limonene by spray drying . Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 2005 , 6 ( 1 ), 107 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frascareli , E.C. ; Silva , V.M. ; Tonon , R.V. ; Hubinger , M.D. Effect of process conditions on the microencapsulation of coffee oil by spray drying . Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012 , 90 ( 3 ), 413 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , S.L. ; Sarda , X. ; Rosenberg , M. Microencapsulating properties of whey proteins. 1. Microencapsulation of anhydrous milk fat . Journal of Dairy Science 1993 , 76 ( 10 ), 2868 – 2877 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , X.D. ; Atarashi , T. ; Furuta , T. ; Yoshii , H. ; Aishima , S. ; Ohkawara , M. ; Linko , P. Microencapsulation of emulsified hydrophobic flavors by spray drying . Drying Technology 2001 , 19 ( 7 ), 1361 – 1374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodall , A.A. ; Lee , S.W.-M. ; Weesie , R.J. ; Jackson , M.J. ; Britton , G. Oxidation of carotenoids by free radicals: Relationship between structure and reactivity . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects 1997 , 1336 ( 1 ), 33 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton , G. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function . The FASEB Journal 1995 , 9 ( 15 ), 1551 – 1558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao-Hoang , L. ; Phan-Thi , H. ; Osorio-Puentes , F.J. ; Waché , Y. Stability of carotenoid extracts of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) towards cooxidation: Protective effect of lycopene on β-carotene . Food Research International 2011 , 44 ( 7 ), 2252 – 2257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hoed , V. ; Ali , C.B. ; Slah , M. ; Verhé , R. Quality differences between pre-pressed and solvent extracted rapeseed oil . European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 2010 , 112 ( 11 ), 1241 – 1247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghbashlo , M. ; Mobli , H. ; Madadlou , A. ; Rafiee , S. Influence of wall material and inlet drying air temperature on the microencapsulation of fish oil by spray drying . Food and Bioprocess Technology 2013 , 6 ( 6 ), 1561 – 1569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , Y.D. ; Morr , C.V. ; Schenz , T.W. Microencapsulation properties of gum arabic and several food proteins: Liquid orange oil emulsion particles . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1996 , 44 ( 5 ), 1308 – 1313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes , L.P. ; Turatti , I.C.C. ; Lopes , N.P. ; Ferreira , J.C. ; Candido , R.C. ; Oliveira , W.P. Volatile retention and antifungal properties of spray-dried microparticles of Lippia sidoides essential oil . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 12 ), 1534 – 1542 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kha , T.C. ; Nguyen , M.H. ; Roach , P.D. Effects of spray drying conditions on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) fruit aril powder . Journal of Food Engineering 2010 , 98 ( 3 ), 385 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramani , P. ; Viswanathan , R. ; Vairamani , M. Response surface optimisation of process variables for microencapsulation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) oleoresin by spray drying . Biosystems Engineering 2013 , 114 ( 3 ), 205 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. Spray drying of tomato pulp: Effect of feed concentration . Drying Technology 2004 , 22 ( 10 ), 2309 – 2330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallardo , G. ; Guida , L. ; Martinez , V. ; López , M.C. ; Bernhardt , D. ; Blasco , R. ; Pedroza-Islas , R. ; Hermida , L.G. Microencapsulation of linseed oil by spray drying for functional food application . Food Research International 2013 , 52 ( 2 ), 473 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , J. ; Yang , T. Dehydrated vegetables: Principles and systems . In Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing , Y.H. Hui , S. Ghazala , D.M. Graham , K.D. Murrell , and W.-K. Nip , Eds; Marcel Dekker : New York , 2004 .
   Google Scholar
• Tonon , R.V. ; Pedro , R.B. ; Grosso , C.R.F. ; Hubinger , M.D. Microencapsulation of flaxseed oil by spray drying: Effect of oil load and type of wall material . Drying Technology 2012 , 30 ( 13 ), 1491 – 1501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae , E.K. ; Lee , S.J. Microencapsulation of avocado oil by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin . Journal of Microencapsulation 2008 , 25 ( 8 ), 549 – 560 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koç , B. ; Sakin-Yilmazer , M. ; Kaymak-Ertekin , F. ; Balkir , P. Physical properties of yoghurt powder produced by spray drying. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012 , 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Goula , A.M. ; Adamopoulos , K.G. Effect of maltodextrin addition during spray drying of tomato pulp in dehumidified air: II. Powder properties . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 6 ), 726 – 737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalgleish , D.G. Adsorption of protein and the stability of emulsions . Trends in Food Science and Technology 1997 , 8 ( 1 ), 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Y. ; Selomulya , C. ; Chen , X.D. On measurement of food powder reconstitution properties . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 1 ), 3 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson , E. Hydrocolloids at interfaces and the influence on the properties of dispersed systems . Food Hydrocolloids 2003 , 17 ( 1 ), 25 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson , E. Mixed biopolymers at interfaces: Competitive adsorption and multilayer structures . Food Hydrocolloids 2011 , 25 ( 8 ), 1966 – 1983 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt , C. ; Kolodziejczyk , E. Protein–polysaccharide complexes: From basics to food applications . In Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry , P.A. Williams and G.O. Phillips , Eds; Royal Society of Chemistry : Cambridge, UK , 2010 ; 211 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/ldrt.
   Google Scholar