The Effects of Predrying Treatments and Different Drying Methods on Phytochemical Compound Retention and Drying Characteristics of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

REFERENCES

• Nadkarni , A.K. Indian Meteria Medica ; Popular Prakashan : Bombay , 1976 .
   Google Scholar
• Nair , A.G.R. ; Subramanian , S.S. Pigment of the flowers of Moringa sterygosperma . Current Science 1962 , 31 , 155 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakarni , A. ; Kitazono , Y. ; Jiwajinda , S. ; Koshimizu , K. ; Ohigashi , H. Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation . Planta Medica 1998 , 64 ( 4 ), 319 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowrishankar , R. ; Kumar , M. ; Menon , V. ; Divi , M.S. ; Saravanan , M. ; Magudapathy , P. ; Panigrahi , B.K. ; Nair , K.G.M. ; Vendataramaniah , K. Trace element studies on Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae), Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae), Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae), and Phyllanthus niruri (Eophorbiaceae) Using PIXE . Biological Trace Element Research 2010 , 133 , 357 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , W.J. Health-promoting properties of common herbs . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999 , 70 ( 3 ), 491s – 499s .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Machado , D.I. ; Núñez-Gastélum , J.A. ; Reyes-Moreno , C. ; Ramírez-Wong , B. ; López-Cervantes , J. Nutritional quality of edible parts of Moringa oleifera . Food Analytical Methods 2010 , 3 , 175 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddhuraju , P. ; Becker , K. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003 , 51 ( 8 ), 2144 – 2155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nindo , C.I. ; Sun , T. ; Wang , S.W. ; Tang , J. ; Power , J.R. Evaluation of drying technologies for retention of physical quality and antioxidants in asparagus . LWT - Food Science and Technology 2003 , 36 ( 5 ), 507 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan , G.S.V. ; Rennie , T.J. ; Sunjka , P.S. ; Orsat , V. ; Phaphuangwittayakul , W. ; Terdtoon , P. Overview of new techniques for drying biological material. In 11th International Drying Symposium (IDS 98), Halkididi, Greece, August 19–22, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Achariyaviriya , S. ; Soponronnarit , S. ; Terdyothin , A. Mathematical model development and simulation of heat pump fruit dryer . Drying Technology 2000 , 18 , 479 – 491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves-Filho , O. ; Strommen , I. ; Thorbergsen , E. Simulation model for heat pump dryer plants for fruits and roots . Drying Technology 1997 , 15 , 1369 – 1398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Sanchai , P. ; Chanchotikul , K. The development of dehumidifying dryer for a Thai herb drying (Kapro leaves) . Food Journal 2003 , 33 ( 2 ), 146 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Ogura , H. ; Yamamoto , T. ; Otsubo , Y. A control strategy for a chemical heat pump dryer . Drying Technology 2005 , 23 ( 6 ), 1189 – 1203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saensabai , P. ; Prasertsan , S. Condenser coil optimization and component matching of heat pump dryer . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 9 ), 1571 – 1580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal , U.S. ; Khan , M.K. Calculation steps for the design of different components of heat pump dryer under constant drying rate condition . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 7 ), 864 – 872 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasertsan , S. ; Saen-saby , P. Heat pump drying of agricultural materials . Drying Technology 1998 , 16 , 235 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , S.K. ; Chua , K.J. New hybrid drying technologies for heat sensitive foodstuffs . Trends in Food Science and Technology 2001 , 12 , 359 – 369 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonnattakorn , R. ; Phoungchandang , S. ; Leenanon , B. ; Khajarern , S. ; Khajarern , J. The comparative study of garlic powder processing by heated air and dehumidifier heat pump dryer . Food Journal 2004 , 34 ( 3 ), 248 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Chottanom , P. ; Phoungchandang , S. The development of osmotically dehydrated mangoes using conventional drying and dehumidified drying . Chemical Engineering. Transactions 2005 , 6 , 897 – 902 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawlader , M.N.A. ; Perera , C. ; Tian , M. Comparison of the retention of 6-gingerol in drying of ginger under modified atmosphere heat pump drying and other drying methods . Drying Technology 2006 , 24 ( 1 ), 51 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman , S.M.A. ; Islam , M.R. ; Mujumdar , A.S. A study of couple heat and mass transfer in composite food products during convective drying . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 7–8 ), 1359 – 1368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves-Filho , O. ; Eikevik , T.M. ; Mulet , A. Kinetics and mass transfer during atmospheric freeze drying of red pepper . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 ( 7–8 ), 1155 – 1161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves-Filho , O. ; Eikevik , T.M. ; Goncharova-Alves , S.V. Single- and multistage heat pump drying of protein . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 4 ), 470 – 475 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Srinukroh , W. ; Leenanon , B. Kaffir lime leaf (Citrus hystric DC.) drying using tray and heat pump dehumidified drying . Drying Technology 2008 , 26 ( 12 ), 1602 – 1609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Tochip , L. ; Srijesdaruk , V. White mulberry leaf drying by tray and heat pump dehumidified dryers . World Journal of Agricultural Science 2008 , 4 , 844 – 851 .
   Google Scholar
• Potisate , Y. ; Phoungchandang , S. Chlorophyll retention and drying characteristics of ivy gourd leaf (Coccinia grandins Voigt) using tray and heat pump–assisted dehumidified air drying . Drying Technology 2010 , 28 , 786 – 797 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Kongpim , P. Modeling using a new thin layer drying model and drying characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum baslicum Linn.) using tray and heat pump–assisted dehumidified drying . Journal of Food Process Engineering 2012 , 35 , 851 – 862 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trirattanapikul , W. ; Phoungchandang , S. Microwave blanching and drying characteristics of Centella asiatica (L.) urban leaves using tray and heat pump–assisted dehumidified drying . Journal of Food Science and Technology . In press . doi: 10.1007/s 13197-012-0876-8 .
   Google Scholar
• Tulasidas , T.N. ; Raghavan , G.S.V. ; Mujumdar , A.S. Microwave drying of grapes in a single mode cavity at 2450 MHz. I. Drying kinetics . Drying Technology 1995 , 13 ( 8/9 ), 1949 – 1971 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf , W. ; Spiess , W.E.I. ; Jung , G. Standardisation of isotherm measurements (COST-project 90 and 90BIS). In Properties of Water in Foods ; Simatos, D.; Muton, J.L., Eds.; Martinus Nijhoff: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1985; 611 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , C.C. ; Morey , R.V. Comparison of four EMC/ERH equations . Transactions of the ASAE 1989 , 32 ( 3 ), 983 – 990 .
   Google Scholar
• Arabhosseini , A. ; Huisman , W. ; Müller , J. Modeling of desorption of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stems and leaves. Industrial Crops and Products 2011, 34, 1550–1555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , X. ; Lau , A.K. ; Sokhansanj , S. ; Lim , C.J. ; Bi , X.T. ; Melin , S. ; Keddy , T. Moisture sorption isotherms and drying characteristics of aspen (Populus tremuloides) . Biomass and Bioengergy 2013 , 57 , 161 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crank , J. The Mathematics of Diffusion, , 2nd ed. ; Oxford University Press : London , 1975 .
   Google Scholar
• Dadali , G. ; Demirhan , E. ; Özbek , B. Color change kinetics of spinach undergoing microwave drying . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 , 1713 – 1723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists . Official Methods of Analysis ; Association of Official Analytical Chemists : Arlington , VA , 2000 .
   Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Woods , J.L. Moisture diffusion and desorption isotherms for banana . Journal of Food Science 2000 , 64 ( 4 ), 651 – 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askari , G.R. ; Eman-Djomeh , Z. ; Mousavi , S.M. An investigation of the effects of drying methods and conditions on drying characteristics and quality attributes of agricultural products during hot air and hot air/microwave-assisted dehydration . Drying Technology 2009 , 27 , 831 – 841 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lako , J. ; Trenerry , C.V. ; Wahlqvist , M. ; Wattanapenpaiboon , N. ; Sotheeswaran , S. ; Premier , R. Phytochemical flavonols, carotenoids and the antioxidant properties of a wide selection of Fijian fruit, vegetables and other readily available foods . Food Chemistry 2007 , 101 , 1727 – 1741 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultana , B. ; Anwar , F. Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants . Food Chemistry 2008 , 108 , 897 – 894 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouhila , M. ; Kechaou , N. ; Otmani , M. ; Fliyou , M. ; Lahsasni , S. Experimental study of sorption isotherms and drying kinetics of Moroccan Eucalyptus globulus . Drying Technology 2002 , 20 , 2027 – 2039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur , D. ; Wani , A.A. ; Sogi , D.S. ; Shivhare , U.S. Sorption isotherms and drying characteristics of tomato peel isolated from tomato pomace . Drying Technology 2006 , 24 ( 11 ), 1515 – 1520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. ; Nongsang , S. ; Sanchai , P. The Development of ginger drying using tray drying, heat pump dehumidified drying and mixed mode solar drying . Drying Technology 2009 , 27 ( 10 ), 1123 – 1131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoungchandang , S. Development of a small scale processing system for green peas. Master's thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• McMinn , W.A.M. Thin layer modeling of the convective, microwave, microwave–convective and microwave–vacuum drying of lactose powder . Journal of Food Engineering 2006 , 72 ( 2 ), 113 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evin , D. Thin layer drying kinetics of Gundelia tournefortii L . Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012 , 90 ( 2 ), 323 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. ; Sun , J. ; Chen , F. ; Liao , X. ; Hu , X. Mathematical modeling on thin layer microwave drying of apple pomace with and without hot air pre-drying . Journal of Food Engineering 2007 , 80 , 536 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadali , G. ; Demirhan , E. ; Özbek , B. Color change kinetics of spinach undergoing microwave drying . Drying Technology 2007 , 25 , 1713 – 1723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Harahsheh , M. ; Al-Muhtaseb , A.H. ; Magee , T.R.A. Microwave drying kinetics of tomato pomace: Effect of osmotic dehydration . Chemistry Engineering and Processing Journal 2009 , 48 , 524 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zogzas , N.P. ; Maroulis , Z.B. ; Marinos-Kouis , D. Moisture diffusivity data compilation in foodstuffs . Drying Technology 1996 , 14 , 2225 – 2253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirhan , E. ; Özbek , B. Microwave-drying characteristics of basil . Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 2010 , 34 ( 3 ), 476 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özbek , B. ; Dadali , G. Thin layer drying characteristics and modeling of mint leaves undergoing microwave treatment . Journal of Food Engineering 2007 , 83 , 541 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirhan , E. ; Özbek , B. Thin-layer drying characteristics and modeling of celery leaves undergoing microwave treatment . Chemical Engineering Communications 2011 , 198 ( 7 ), 957 – 975 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarimeseli , A. Microwave drying characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves . Energy Conversion and Management 2011 , 52 , 1449 – 1453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doymaz , I. Drying characteristics and kinetics of okra . Journal of Food Engineering 2005 , 9 , 275 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega , A. ; Uribe , E. ; Lemus , R. ; Miranda , M. Hot-air drying characteristics of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) and influence of temperature on kinetic parameters . LWT - Food Science and Technology 2007 , 40 , 1698 – 1707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prathapan , A. ; Lukhman , M. ; Arumughan , C. ; Sundaresan , A. ; Raghu , K.G. Effect of heat treatment on curcuminoid, color value and total polyphenols of fresh turmeric rhizome . International Journal Food Science Technology 2009 , 44 , 1438 – 1444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , H.S. ; Coates , G.A. Thermal pasteurization effects on color of red grapefruit juices . Journal of Food Science 1999 , 64 , 663 – 666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palou , E. ; Lopez-Malo , A. ; Barbosa-Canovas , G.V. ; Welti-Chanes , J. ; Swanson , B.G. Polyphenoloxidase activity and colour of blanched and high hydrostatic pressure treated banana puree . Journal of Food Science 1999 , 64 , 42 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , L.H. Food Chemistry ; Affiliated East–West Press PVT Ltd. : New Delhi , 1973 .
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Y. ; Zhao , Y. Effect of pulsed vacuum and ultrasound osmopretreatments on glass transition temperature, texture, microstructure and calcium penetration of dried apples (Fuji) . LWT - Food Science and Technology 2008 , 41 , 1575 – 1585 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswin , C.R. The kinetics of package life.III. Isotherm . Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 1946 , 65 , 419 – 421 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T.L. ; Peart , R.M. ; Foster , G.H. Mathematical simulation of corn drying: A new model . Transactions of the ASAE 1968 , 11 , 582 – 586 .
   Google Scholar
• Iglesias , H.A. ; Chirife , J. Prediction of effect of temperature on water sorption isotherms of food materials . Journal of Food Science and Technology 1976 , 11 , 109 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Pfost , H.B. ; Maurer , S.G. ; Chung , D.S. ; Milliken , G.A. Summarizing and reporting equilibrium moisture data for grains . Transactions of the ASAE 1976 , 76 , 3520 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , W.K. The rate of drying solids materials . The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1921 , 13 ( 5 ), 427 – 432 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , S.M. ; Pabis , S. Grain drying theory I. Temperature effect on drying coefficient . Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research 1961 , 6 ( 3 ), 169 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Overhult , D.G. ; White , H.E. ; Ross , I.J. Drying soybeans with heated air . Transactions of the ASAE 1973 , 16 ( 1 ), 112 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/ldrt.
   Google Scholar