Numerical evaluation of optimal approaches for electro-osmosis dewatering

References

• Bergado, D. T.; Balasubramaniam, A. S.; Fannin, R. J.; Holtz, R. D. Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) in Soft Bangkok Clay: A Case Study of the New Bangkok International Airport Project. Can. Geotech. J. 2002, 39(2), 304–315. DOI: 10.1139/t01-100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, J.; Yan, S. W.; Yang, H. Soil Improvement by the Vacuum Preloading Method for an Oil Storage Station. Geotechnique 2000, 50(6), 625–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indraratna, B.; Rujikiatkamjorn, C.; Ameratunga, J.; Boyle, P. Performance and Prediction of Vacuum Combined Surcharge Consolidation at Port of Brisbane. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 2011, 137(11), 1009–1018. DOI: 10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000519
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, S.-L.; Chai, J.-C.; Hong, Z.-S.; Cai, F.-X. Analysis of Field Performance of Embankments on Soft Clay Deposit with and without PVD-Improvement. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2005, 23(6), 463–485. DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2005.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, N.; Shen, S.; Wu, H.; Chai, J.; Yin, Z. Evaluation of Performance of Embankments with Reinforcement on PVD-Improved Marine Clay. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2015, 43(6), 506–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgès-Gastaud, S.; Stoltz, G.; Dolez, P.; Blond, É.; Touze-Foltz, N. Laboratory Device to Characterize Electrokinetic Geocomposites for Fluid Fine Tailings Dewatering. Can. Geotech. J. 2014, 52(4), 505–514. DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2014-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourie, A. B.; Johns, D. G.; Jones, C. J. F. P. Dewatering of Mine Tailings using Eletrokinetic Geosynthetics. Can. Geotech. J. 2007, 44(2), 160–172. DOI: 10.1139/t06-112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z.; Gao, M.; Yu, X. Vacuum Preloading Combined with Electro-Osmotic Dewatering of Dredger Fill using Electric Vertical Drains. Drying Technol. 2015, 33(7), 847–853. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.992529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z.; Gao, M.; Yu, X. Dewatering Effect of Vacuum Preloading Incorporated with Electro-Osmosis in Different Ways. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(1), 38–45. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1157602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, X.; Xue, Z.; Yang, Q.; Li, T.; VanSeveren, M. Water Content and Shear Strength Evaluation of Marine Soil after Electro-Osmosis Experiments. Drying Technol. 2017. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1270299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, B.; Guo, L.; Li, Z.; Li, X. Laboratory Investigation of Electro-Osmosis Effects in Saturated Dredger Fill – A Comparison with the Stack Preloading. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(6), 736–746. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1209773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwata, M.; Tanaka, T.; Jami, M. S. Application of Electroosmosis for Sludge Dewatering – A Review. Drying Technol. 2013, 31(2), 170–184. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2012.691592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivier, J.; Mahmoud, A.; Vaxelaire, J.; Conrardy, J.-B., Citeau, M.; Vorobiev, E. Electro-Dewatering of Anaerobically Digested and Activated Sludges: An Energy Aspect Analysis. Drying Technol. 2014, 32(9), 1091–1103. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.884133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuan, P.-A., Mika, S.; Pirjo, I. Sewage Sludge Electro-Dewatering Treatment – A Review. Drying Technol. 2012, 30(7), 691–706. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2012.654874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, H.; Ding, T. Influence of Vacuum Pressure, pH, and Potential Gradient on the Vacuum Electro-Osmosis Dewatering of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge. Drying Technol. 2016, 34(9), 1107–1117. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1095203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida, H.; Yoshikawa, T.; Kawasaki, M. Evaluation of Suitable Material Properties of Sludge for Electroosmotic Dewatering. Drying Technol. 2013, 31(7), 775–784. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2012.760581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerrum, L.; Moum, J.; Eide, O. Application of Electro-Osmosis to a Foundation Problem in a Norwegian Quick Clay. Geotechnique 1967, 17(3), 214–235. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1967.17.3.214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell, B. A.; Burton, P. L. Electro-Osmosis Applied to Unstable Embankment. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 1975, 101(8), 733–740.
   Google Scholar
• Burnotte, F.; Lefebvre, G.; Grondin, G. A Case Record of Electroosmotic Consolidation of Soft Clay with Improved Soil Electrode Contact. Can. Geotech. J. 2004, 41(6), 1038–1053. DOI: 10.1139/t04-045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew, S. H.; Karunaratne, G. P.; Kuma, V. M.; Lim, L. H.; Toh, M. L.; Hee, A. M. A Field Trial for Soft Clay Consolidation using Electric Vertical Drains. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2004, 22(1–2), 17–35. DOI: 10.1016/s0266-1144(03)00049-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont-Black, J.; Jones, C. J. F. P.; Alder, D. Electrokinetic Strengthening of Slopes – Case History. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2016, 44(3), 319–331. DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumtaz, M.; Girish, M. S. Electrokinetic Geosynthetic Stabilisation of Embankment Slopes. Int. J. Eng. Res. 2014, 3(12), 766–768. DOI: 10.17950/ijer/v3s12/1213
   Google Scholar
• Mohamedelhassan, E.; Shang, J. Q. Effects of Electrode Materials and Current Intermittence in Electro-Osmosis. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Ground Improv. 2001, 5(1), 3–11. DOI: 10.1680/grim.2001.5.1.3
   Google Scholar
• Xue, Z.; Tang, X.; Yang, Q.; Wan, Y.; Yang, G. Comparison of Electro-Osmosis Experiments on Marine Sludge with Different Electrode Materials. Drying Technol. 2015, 33(8), 986–995. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1011274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H.; Hu, L.; Wen, Q. Electro-Osmotic Enhancement of Bentonite with Reactive and Inert Electrodes. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 111, 76–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2015.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glendinning, S.; Jones, C. J. F. P.; Lamont-Black, J.; Hall, J. Treatment of Lagooned Sewage Sludge In Situ using Electrokinetic Geosynthetics. Geosynth. Int. 2008, 15(3), 192–204. DOI: 10.1680/gein.2008.15.3.192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, C. J. F. P.; Lamont-Black, J.; Glendinning, S. Electrokinetic Geosynthetics in Hydraulic Applications. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2011, 29(4), 381–390. DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont-Black, J.; Jones, C. J. F. P.; White, C. Electrokinetic Geosynthetic Dewatering of Nuclear Contaminated Waste. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2015, 43(4), 359–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunaratne, G. P. Prefabricated and Electrical Vertical Drains for Consolidation of Soft Clay. Geotextiles Geomembranes 2011, 29(4), 391–401. DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z.; Gao, M.; Yu, X. The Characteristics of Electric Vertical Drains in Electro-Osmotic Dewatering. Drying Technol. 2017, 35(3), 263–271. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1172084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asavadorndeja, P.; Glawe, U. Electrokinetic Strengthening of Soft Clay using the Anode Depolarization Method. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 2005, 64(3), 237–245. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-005-0276-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citeau, M.; Loginov, M.; Vorobiev, E. Improvement of Sludge Electrodewatering by Anode Flushing. Drying Technol. 2016, 34(3), 307–317. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1052083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, G.; Burnotte, F. Improvements of Electroosmotic Consolidation of Soft Clays by Minimizing Power Loss at Electrodes. Can. Geotech. J. 2002, 39(2), 399–408. DOI: 10.1139/t01-102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Chang, H.-H. Soil Improvement using Electroosmosis with the Injection of Chemical Solutions: Field Tests. Can. Geotech. J. 2009, 46(6), 727–733. DOI: 10.1139/t09-012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou, C.-Y.; Chien, S.-C.; Liu, R.-H. A Study of the Effects of Electrode Spacing on the Cementation Region for Electro-Osmotic Chemical Treatment. Appl. Clay Sci. 2015, 104, 168–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshawabkeh, A. N.; Gale, R. J.; Ozsu-Acar, E.; Bricka, R. M. Optimization of 2-D Electrode Configuration for Electrokinetic Remediation. J. Soil Contam. 1999, 8(6), 617–635.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L.; Wu, H. Mathematical Model of Electro-Osmotic Consolidation for Soft Ground Improvements. Geotechnique 2014, 64(2), 155–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao, Y.; Zhou, J.; Gong, X.; Hu, P. Electro-Osmotic Dehydration of Hangzhou Sludge with Selected Electrode Arrangements. Drying Technol. 2016, 34(1), 66–75. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1006369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockhart, N. C.; Hart, G. H. Electro-Osmotic Dewatering of Fine Suspensions: The Efficacy of Current Interruptions. Drying Technol. 1988, 6(3), 415–423. DOI: 10.1080/07373938808916391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micic, S.; Shang, J. Q.; Lo, K. Y.; Lee, Y. N.; Lee, S. W. Electrokinetic Strengthening of a Marine Sediment using Intermittent Current. Can. Geotech. J. 2001, 38(2), 287–302. DOI: 10.1139/cgj-38-2-287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naggar, M. H. E.; Routledge, S. A. Effect of Electro-Osmotic Treatment on Piles. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Ground Improv. 2004, 8(1), 17–31. DOI: 10.1680/grim.2004.8.1.17
   Google Scholar
• Wan, T.; Mitchell, J. K. Electroosmotic Consolidation of Soils. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 1976, 101(5), 503–507.
   Google Scholar
• Shang, J. Q. Electrokinetic Dewatering of Clay Slurries as Engineered Soil Covers. Can. Geotech. J. 1997, 34(1), 78–86. DOI: 10.1139/cgj-34-1-78
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.; Hicks, M. A. Large Deformation Elastic Electro-Osmosis Consolidation of Clays. Comput. Geotech. 2013, 54, 60–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.; Hicks, M. A.; Dijkstra, J. Numerical Model of Elasto-Plastic Electro-Osmosis Consolidation of Clays. Proceedings of the 5th Biot Conference on Poromechanics, Vienna, Austria, ASCE, 2013, 2076–2085.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.; Hicks, M. A. Numerical Modelling of Electro-Osmosis Consolidation of Unsaturated Clay at Large Strain. Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands, CRC Press, 2014, 1061–1066.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.; Hicks, M. A. Numerical Analysis of Electro-Osmosis Consolidation: A Case Study. Géotech. Lett. 2015, 5(3), 147–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.; Hicks, M. A. Numerical Simulation of Elasto-Plastic Electro-Osmosis Consolidation at Large Strain. Acta Geotech. 2016, 11(1), 127–143. DOI: 10.1007/s11440-015-0366-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, E. E.; Gens, A.; Josa, A. A Constitutive Model for Partially Saturated Soils. Geotechnique 1990, 40(3), 405–430. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esrig, M. I. Pore Pressures, Consolidation and Electrokinetics. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 1968, 94(4), 899–921.
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, A.; Hoadley, A. F.; Conrardy, J. B.; Olivier, J.; Vaxelaire, J. Influence of Process Operating Parameters on Dryness Level and Energy Saving During Wastewater Sludge Electro-Dewatering. Water Res. 2016, 103, 109–123. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamedelhassan, E.; Shang, J. Q. Feasibility Assessment of Electro-Osmotic Consolidation on Marine Sediment. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Ground Improv. 2002, 6(4), 145–152. DOI: 10.1680/grim.2002.6.4.145
   Google Scholar
• Sheng, D.; Smith, D. W.; Sloan, S. W.; Gens, A. Finite Element Formulation and Algorithms for Unsaturated Soils. Part II: Verification and Application. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 2003, 27(9), 767–790. DOI: 10.1002/nag.296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamagnini, C.; Jommi, C.; Cattaneo, F. A Model for Coupled Electro-Hydro-Mechanical Processes in Fine Grained Soils Accounting for Gas Generation and Transport. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2010, 82(1), 169–193. DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652010000100014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comsol, A. B. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1, 2015.
   Google Scholar