Literature cited
- U.S. Department of Agriculture. Standards for Rice, Revised; Federal Grain Inspection Service, U.S. Government. Printing Office: Washington, DC. 2009. https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/fgis/standards/ricestandards.pdf.
- Kunze, O. R.; Calderwood, D. L. Chapter 9: Rough Rice Drying - Moisture Adsorption and Desorption. In Rice Chemistry and Technology; Champagne E. T., Ed.; American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 2004; pp. 223–268.
- Bautista, R. C.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Fendley, J. W. Fissure Formation Characterization in Rice Kernels during Drying Using Video Microscopy. Res. Ser. 2009 - Arkansas Agric. Exp. Station. 2000, 581, 220–229.
- Odek, Z.; Prakash, B.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. X-ray Detection of Fissures in Rough Rice. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2017, 33, 721–728. DOI:10.13031/aea.12369.
- Sharma, A. D.; Kunze, O. R. Post-drying Fissure Developments in Rough Rice. Trans. ASAE 1982, 25, 465–468.
- Zhang, Q.; Yang, W.; Sun, Z. Mechanical Properties of Sound and Fissured Rice Kernels and Their Implications for Rice Breakage. J. Food Eng. 2005, 68, 65–72. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.04.042.
- Nguyen, C. N.; Kunze, O. R. Fissures Related to Post-drying Treatments in Rough Rice. Cereal Chem. 1984, 61, 63–68.
- Cnossen, A. G.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Yang, W.; Bautista, R. C. An Application of Glass Transition Temperature to Explain Rice Kernel Fissure Occurrence during the Drying Process. Drying Technol. 2001, 19, 1661–1682. DOI:10.1081/DRT-100107265.
- Schluterman, D. A.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. Relating Rough Rice Moisture Content Reduction and Tempering Duration to Head Rice Yield Reduction. Trans. ASABE 2007, 50, 137–142.
- Bergman, C. J.; Bhattacharyya, K. R.; Ostsubo, K. Rice End-use Quality Analysis. In Rice Chemistry and Technology; Champagne E. T., Ed; American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 2004; pp 415–472.
- Sater, H. M.; Pinson, S. R. M.; Moldenhauer, K. A. K.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Mason, R. E.; Boyett, V. A.; Edwards, J. D. Fine Mapping of qFIS1-2, a Major QTL for Kernel Fissure Resistance in Rice. Crop Sci. 2017, 57, 1511–1521. DOI:10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0821.
- Lan, Y.; Kunze, O. R. Fissure Resistance of Rice Varieties. Appl. Eng. Agric. 1996, 12, 365–368.
- Dong, R.; Lu, Z.; Liu, Z.; Koide, S.; Cao, W. Effect of Drying and Tempering on Rice Fissuring Analyzed by Integrating Intra-kernel Moisture Distribution. J. Food Eng. 2010, 97, 161–167. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.10.005.
- Bhashyam, M. K.; Srinivas, T. Varietal Difference in the Topography of Rice Grain and Its Influence on Milling Quality. J. Food Sci. 1984, 49, 393–395. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb12430.x.
- Perdon, A.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Mauromoustakos, A. Glassy State Transition and Rice Drying: Development of a Brown Rice State Diagram. Cereal Chem. 2000, 77, 708–713. DOI:10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.6.708.
- Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Yang, W.; Sun, Z. Glass Transition Temperature of Rice Kernels Determined by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. Trans. ASAE 2004, 47, 835–839.
- Dong, R.; Lu, Z.; Liu, Z.; Nishiyama, Y.; Cao, W. Moisture Distribution in a Rice Kernel during Tempering Drying. J. Food Eng. 2009, 91, 126–132. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.08.012.
- Mukhopadhyay, S.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. Glass Transition Effects on Milling Yields in a Cross-flow Drying Column. Drying Technol. 2018, 36, 723–735. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1351453.
- Li, Y. B.; Cao, C. W.; Yu, Q. L.; Zhong, Q. X. Study on Rough Rice Fissuring during Intermittent Drying. Drying Technol. 1998, 17, 1779–1793. DOI:10.1080/07373939908917652.
- Iguaz, A.; Rodriguez, M.; Virseda, P. Influence of Handling and Processing of Rough Rice on Fissures and Head Rice Yields. J. Food Eng. 2006, 77, 803–809. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.08.006.
- Aquerreta, J.; Iguaz, A.; Arroqui, C.; Virseda, P. Effect of High Temperature Intermittent Drying and Tempering on Rough Rice Quality. J. Food Eng. 2007, 80, 611–618. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.06.012.
- Tuyen, T. T.; Truong, V.; Fukai, S.; Bhandari, B. Effects of High-temperature Fluidized Bed Drying and Tempering on Kernel Cracking and Milling Quality of Vietnamese Rice Varieties. Drying Technol. 2009, 27, 486–494. DOI:10.1080/07373930802686099.
- Steffe, J. F.; Singh, R. P.; Bakshi, A. S. Influence of Tempering Time and Cooling on Rice Milling Yields and Moisture Removal. Trans. ASAE 1979, 22, 1214–1218. 1224.
- Taweerattanapanish, A.; Soponronnarit, S.; Wetchakama, S.; Kongseri, N.; Wongpiyachon, S. Effects of Drying on Head Rice Yield Using Fluidization Technique. Drying Technol. 1999, 17, 346–353. DOI:10.1080/07373939908917535.
- Inprasit, C.; Noomhorm, A. Effect of Drying Air Temperature and Grain Temperature of Different Types of Dryer and Operation on Rice Quality. Drying Technol. 2001, 19, 389–404. DOI:10.1081/DRT-100102912.
- Tirawanichakul, S.; Prachayawarakorn, S.; Varanyanond, W.; Tungtrakul, P.; Soponronnarit, S. Effect of Fluidized Bed Drying Temperature on Various Quality Attributes of Paddy. Drying Technol. 2004, 22, 1731–1754. DOI:10.1081/DRT-200025634.
- Ondier, G. O.; Siebenmorgen, T.; Mauromoustakos, A. Drying Characteristics and Milling Quality of Rough Rice Dried in a Single Pass Incorporating Glass Transition Principles. Drying Technol. 2012, 30, 1821–1830. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2012.723085.
- Cnossen, A. G.; Jimenez, M. J.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. Rice Fissuring Response to High Drying and Tempering Temperatures. J. Food Eng. 2003, 59, 61–69. DOI:10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00431-4.
- Steffe, J. F.; Singh, R. P. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Rough Rice Tempering. Trans. ASAE 1980, 23, 775–782.
- Wasserman, T.; Ferrel, R. E.; Houston, D. F.; Breitwieser, E.; Smith G.S. Tempering Western Rice. Rice J. 1964, 67, 16–17, 20–22.
- Poomsa-Ad, N.; Soponronnarit, S.; Prachayawarakorn, S.; Terdyothin, A. Effect of Tempering on Subsequent Drying of Paddy Using Fluidization Technique. Drying Technol. 2002, 20, 195–210. DOI:10.1081/DRT-120001374.
- Nishiyama, Y.; Cao, W.; Li, B. Grain Intermittent Drying Characteristics Analyzed by a Simplified Model. J. Food Eng. 2006, 76, 272–279. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.059.
- Ghasemi, A.; Sadeghi, M.; Mireei, S. A. Multi-stage Intermittent Drying of Rough Rice in Terms of Tempering and Stress Cracking Indices and Moisture Gradients Interpretation. Drying Technol. 2018, 36, 109–117. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2017.1303777.
- Hwang, S.-S.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Chang, C.; Lur, H.-S.; Lin, T.-T. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analyses of Tempering Processes. J. Cereal Sci. 2009, 50, 36–42. DOI:10.1016/j.jcs.2008.10.012.
- Shei, H.-J.; Chen, Y.-L. Intermittent Drying of Rough Rice. Drying Technol. 1998, 16, 839–851. DOI:10.1080/07373939808917439.
- Yang, W.; Jia, C. C.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Howell, T. A.; Cnossen, A. G. Intra-kernel Moisture Responses of Rice to Drying and Tempering Treatments by Finite Element Simulation. Trans. ASAE 2002, 45, 1037–1044.
- Truong, T.; Truong, V.; Fukai, S.; Bhandari, B. Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Rice in Response to High-temperature Fluidized Bed Drying and Tempering. Drying Technol. 2018, 1. DOI:10.1080/07373937.2018.1452031.
- ANSI/ASAE S448.2. Thin-layer Drying of Agricultural Crops; American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Michigan (MI): St. Joseph, 2014. (Revision approved).
- Jindal, V. K.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. Effects of Oven Drying Temperature and Drying Time on Rough Rice Moisture Content Determination. Trans. ASAE 1987, 30, 1185–1192.
- Billiris, M. A.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Mauromoustakos, A. Estimating the Theoretical Energy Required to Dry Rice. J. Food Eng. 2011, 107, 253–261. S
- Mukhopadhyay, S.; Siebenmorgen, T. J. Effect of Airflow Rate on Drying Air and Moisture Content Profiles inside a Cross-flow Drying Column. Drying Technol. 2017, Accepted, In press.