References
- Steiger, M. Crystal Growth in Porous Materials—I: The Crystallization Pressure of Large Crystals. J. Cryst. Growth. 2005, 282, 455–469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.05.007.
- Desarnaud, J.; Derluyn, H.; Molari, L.; de Miranda, S.; Cnudde, V.; Shahidzadeh, N. Drying of Salt Contaminated Porous Media: Effect of Primary and Secondary Nucleation. J. Appl. Phys. 2015, 118, 114901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4930292.
- Nachshon, U.; Weisbrod, N.; Katzir, R.; Nasser, A. NaCl Crust Architecture and Its Impact on Evaporation: Three-Dimensional Insights. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2018, 45, 6100.
- Hassani, A.; Azapagic, A.; Shokri, N. Predicting Long-Term Dynamics of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on a Global Scale. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2020, 117, 33017–33027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013771117.
- Perri, S.; Suweis, S.; Entekhabi, D.; Molini, A. Vegetation Controls on Dryland Salinity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2018, 45, 11669–11682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079766.
- Huinink, H. P.; Pel, L.; Michels, M. A. How Ions Distribute in a Drying Porous Medium: A Simple Model. Phys. Fluids. 2002, 14, 1389–1395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1451081.
- Guglielmini, L.; Gontcharov, A.; Aldykiewicz, A. J., Jr.; Stone, H. A. Drying of Salt Solutions in Porous Materials: Intermediate-Time Dynamics and Efflorescence. Phys. Fluids. 2008, 20, 077101. [Database] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2954037.
- Shokri-Kuehni, S. M. S.; Bergstad, M.; Sahimi, M.; Webb, C.; Shokri, N. Iodine k-Edge Dual Energy Imaging Reveals the Influence of Particle Size Distribution on Solute Transport in Drying Porous Media. Sci. Rep. 2018, 10, 10731.
- Sghaier, N.; Prat, M. Effect of Efflorescence Formation on Drying Kinetics of Porous Media. Transp. Porous Med. 2009, 80, 441–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-009-9373-6.
- Gupta, H.; Huinink, P.; Prat, M.; Pel, L.; Kopinga, K. Paradoxical Drying of a Fired-Clay Brick Due to Salt Crystallization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2014, 109, 204–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.01.023.
- Shokri-Kuehni, S. M. S.; Vetter, T.; Webb, C.; Shokri, N. New Insights into Saline Water Evaporation from Porous Media: Complex Interaction between Evaporation Rates, Precipitation, and Surface Temperature. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2017, 44, 5504–5510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073337.
- Norouzi Rad, M.; Shokri, N. Effects of Grain Angularity on NaCl Precipitation in Porous Media during Evaporation. Water Resour. Res. 2014, 50, 9020–9030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016125.
- Qazi, M. J.; Bonn, D.; Shahidzadeh, N. Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants. Transp. Porous Med. 2019, 128, 881–894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-018-1164-5.
- Desarnaud, J.; Bonn, D.; Shahidzadeh, N. The Pressure Induced by Salt Crystallization in Confinement. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 30856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30856.
- Nachshon, U.; Weisbrod, N.; Dragila, M. I.; Grader, A. Combined Evaporation and Salt Precipitation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47, W03513.
- Mejri, E.; Bouhlila, R.; Helmig, R. Heterogeneity Effects on Evaporation-Induced Halite and Gypsum Co-precipitation in Porous Media. Transp. Porous Med. 2017, 118, 39–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-017-0846-8.
- Dashtian, H.; Shokri, N.; Sahimi, M. Pore-Network Model of Evaporation-Induced Salt Precipitation in Porous Media: The Effect of Correlations and Heterogeneity. Adv. Water Resour. 2018, 112, 59–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.12.004.
- Shokri-Kuehni, S. M. S.; Norouzi Rad, M.; Webb, C.; Shokri, N. Impact of Type of Salt and Ambient Conditions on Saline Water Evaporation from Porous Media. Adv. Water Resour. 2017, 105, 154–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.05.004.
- Rufai, A. K.; Crawshaw, J. Effect of Wettability Changes on Evaporation Rate and the Permeability Impairment Due to Salt Deposition. ACS Earth Space Chem. 2018, 2, 320–329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00126.
- Jambhekar, V. A.; Mejri, E.; Schröder, N.; Helmig, R.; Shokri, N. Kinetic Approach to Model Reactive Transport and Mixed Salt Precipitation in a Coupled Free-Flow-Porous-Media System. Transp. Porous Med. 2016, 114, 341–369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-016-0665-3.
- Piotrowski, J.; Huisman, J. A.; Nachshon, U.; Pohlmeier, A.; Vereecken, H. Gas Permeability of Salt Crusts Formed by Evaporation from Porous Media. Geosciences. 2020, 10, 423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110423.
- Norouzi Rad, M.; Shokri, N.; Sahimi, M. Pore-Scale Dynamics of Salt Precipitation in Drying Porous Media. Phys. Rev. E. 2013, 88, 032404. [Database] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.88.032404.
- Shokri-Kuehni, S. M. S.; Raaijmakers, B.; Kurz, T.; Or, D.; Helmig, R.; Shokri, N. Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore‐Scale Processes to Field‐Scale Responses. Water Resour. Res. 2020, 56, e2019WR026707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026707.
- Vázquez, P.; Thomachot-Schneider, C.; Mouhoubi, K.; Fronteau, G.; Gommeaux, M.; Benavente, D.; Barbin, V.; Bodnar, J. L. Infrared Thermography Monitoring of the NaCl Crystallisation Process. Infrared Phys. Technol. 2015, 71, 198–207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2015.03.013.
- Börnhorst, M.; Walzel, P.; Rahimi, A.; Kharaghani, A.; Tsotsas, E.; Nestle, N.; Besser, A.; Kleine Jäger, F.; Metzger, T. Influence of Pore Structure and Impregnation–drying Conditions on the Solid Distribution in Porous Support Materials. Dry. Technol. 2016, 34, 1964–1978.
- Rahimi, A.; Metzger, T.; Kharaghani, A.; Tsotsas, E. Discrete modeling of ion transport and crystallization in layered porous media during drying. IDS’2018 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2018, 299. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7415
- Shokri, N. Pore-Scale Dynamics of Salt Transport and Distribution in Drying Porous Media. Physics of Fluids 2014, 26, 012106.
- Dashtian, H.; Wang, H.; Sahimi, M. Nucleation of Salt Crystals in Clay Minerals: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 3166–3172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01306.
- Milatz, M.; Törzs, T.; Nikooee, E.; Hassanizadeh, S. M.; Grabe, J. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the Role of Transient Effects in the Water Retention Behaviour of Unsaturated Granular Soils. Geomech. Energy Environ. 2018, 15, 54–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2018.02.003.
- Lehmann, P.; Assouline, S.; Or, D. Characteristic Lengths Affecting Evaporative Drying of Porous Media. Phys. Rev. E. 2008, 77, 056309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.77.056309.
- Malmir, H.; Sahimi, M.; Rahimi Tabar, M. R. Microstructural Characterization of Random Packings of Cubic Particles. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 35024.
- Malmir, H.; Sahimi, M.; Rahimi Tabar, M. R. Statistical Characterization of Microstructure of Packings of Polydisperse Hard Cubes. Phys. Rev. E. 2017, 95, 052902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.052902.
- Lu, X.; Tsotsas, E.; Kharaghani, A. Drying of Capillary Porous Media Simulated by Coupling of Continuum-Scale and Micro-Scale Models. Int. J. Multiphas Flow. 2021, 140, 103654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103654.