A Comparison of Online and Offline Support Modalities as Predictors of Stress Among Traditional and Non-Traditional College Students

References

• Acharya, S. (2003). Factors affecting stress among Indian dental students. Journal of Dental Education, 67(10), 1140–1148. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2003.67.10.tb03707.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahern, N. R., & Norris, A. E. (2011). Examining factors that increase and decrease stress in adolescent community college students. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 26(6), 530–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2010.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amr, M., El Gilany, A. H., & El-Hawary, A. (2008). Does gender predict medical students’ stress in Mansoura, Egypt? Medical Education Online, 13(1), 4481–4488. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v13i.4481
   Google Scholar
• Anbumalar, C., Dorathy, A. P., Jaswanti, V. P., Priya, D., & Reniangelin, D. (2017). Gender differences in perceived stress levels and coping strategies among college students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(4), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.25215/0404.103
   Google Scholar
• Auxier, B., Anderson, M. (2021). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
   Google Scholar
• Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00922627
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, D. O., Waldron, V. R., & Finn, J. (1999). Communication of social support in computer-mediated groups for people with disabilities. Health Communication, 11(2), 123–151. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327027hc1102_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brougham, R. R., Zail, C. M., Mendoza, C. M., & Miller, J. R. (2009). Stress, sex differences, and coping strategies among college students. Current Psychology, 28(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-009-9047-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calaguas, G. M. (2011). College academic stress: Differences along gender lines. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 1(5), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i5.644
   Google Scholar
• Chao, R. C. L. (2012). Managing perceived stress among college students: The roles of social support and dysfunctional coping. Journal of College Counseling. 15(1). 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2012.00002.x
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C., & Bello, R. (2017). Does receiving or providing social support on Facebook influence life satisfaction? Stress as mediator and self-esteem as moderator. International Journal of Communication, 11, 2926–2939. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6752/2092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chodzen, G., Hidalgo, M. A., Chen, D., & Garofalo, R. (2019). Minority stress factors associated with depression and anxiety among transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(4), 467–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, E., Turnbull, D., & Chur-Hansen, A. (2017). Differences in resilience between ‘traditional’ and ‘non-traditional’ university students. Active Learning in Higher Education, 18(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787417693493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, J. E. (2013). Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1408–1414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2136404?seq=1 https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, D. A., Nick, E. A., Zelkowitz, R. L., Roeder, K. M., & Spinelli, T. (2017). Online social support for young people: Does it recapitulate in-person social support; Can it help? Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/2016.11.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, S. Y., Fabián, C., Pagán, I., Ríos, J. L., González, A. M., Betancourt, J., & Palacios, C. (2013). Physical activity and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and perceived academic stress in students attending college in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 32(1), 44–50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23556265/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dill, P. L., & Henley, T. B. (1998). Stressors of college: A comparison of traditional and non-traditional students. The Journal of Psychology, 132(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, R., Ramos-Pires, A., & Gonçalves, H. (2014). Identifying at-risk students in higher education. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(7–8), 944–952. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2014.906110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichhorn, K. C. (2008). Soliciting and providing social support over the Internet: An investigation of online eating disorder support groups. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01431.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabian, C., Pagan, I., Rios, J. L., Betancourt, J., Cruz, S. Y., González, A. M., & Rivera-Soto, W. T. (2013). Dietary patterns and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and perceived academic stress of college students in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 32(1), 36–43. https://perma.cc/R643-TZZM
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbus, P., Newbold, J. J., & Mehta, S. S. (2011). A study of non-traditional and traditional students in terms of their time management behaviors, stress factors, and coping strategies. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 15, 109–125. https://rb.gy/h2i4xm
   Google Scholar
• Fornés-Vives, J., García‐Banda, G., Frías‐Navarro, D., Hermoso‐Rodríguez, E., & Santos‐Abaunza, P. (2012). Stress and neuroticism in Spanish nursing students: A two‐wave longitudinal study. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(6), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, A. B., Gervasi, S., Song, H., Bond, A. M., Chen, A. T., Bergman, A., David, G., Bailey, J. M., Brooks, R., & Smith-McLallen, A. (2022). Telemedicine catches on: Changes in the utilization of telemedicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Managed Care, 28(1), e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.37765/ajmc.2022.88771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giancola, K. J., Grawitch, M. J., & Borchert, D. (2009). Dealing with the stress of college: A model for adult students. Adult Education Quarterly, 59(3), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713609331479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hefner, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2009). Social support and mental health among college students. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(4), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks, T., & Heastie, S. (2008). High school to college transition: A profile of the stressors, physical and psychological health issues that affect the first-year on-campus college student. Faculty Working Papers from the School of Education, 15(3), 143–147. https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/soe_faculty_wp/14
   Google Scholar
• Hoskins, S. L., & Van Hooff, J. C. (2005). Motivation and ability: Which students use online learning and what influence does it have on their achievement? British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(2), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00451.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jogaratnam, G., & Buchanan, P. (2004). Balancing the demands of school and work: Stress and employed hospitality students. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110410537397
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, S., & Robson, C. (1999). Threatened identities: The experiences of women in transition to programmes of professional higher education. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 9(4), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199907/08)9:4<273::AID-CASP505>3.0.CO;2-V
   Google Scholar
• Jones, K., Mendenhall, S., & Myers, C. A. (2016). The effects of sex and gender role identity on perceived stress and coping among traditional and non-traditional students. Journal of American College Health, 64(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2015.1117462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justice, E. M., & Dornan, T. M. (2001). Metacognitive differences between traditional-age and non-traditional-age college students. Adult Education Quarterly, 51(3), 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171360105100305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalmakis, K. A., Chiodo, L. M., Kent, N., & Meyer, J. S. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and self-reported stress among traditional and non-traditional college students. Journal of American College Health, 68(4), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1577860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandiah, J., Yake, M., Jones, J., & Meyer, M. (2006). Stress influences appetite and comfort food preferences in college women. Nutrition Research, 26(3), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2005.11.010
   Google Scholar
• Kania, S. K. (2014). The relationship between gender differences and stress. The Huron University College Journal of Learning and Motivation, 52(1), 92–101. https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/hucjilm/article/view/7874/6490
   Google Scholar
• Keith, P. M. (2007). Barriers and nontraditional students’ use of academic and social services. College Student Journal, 41(4), 1123–1128. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ816838
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Chung, J. E., & Park, N. (2018). Network environments and well-being: An examination of personal network structure, social capital, and perceived social support. Health Communication, 33(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1242032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell, T. L., & Serovich, J. M. (2007). The effect of perceived and actual social support on the mental health of HIV-positive persons. AIDS Care, 19(10), 1223–1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701402830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, J., Martinez, L., Holmstrom, A., Chung, M., & Cox, J. (2017). Research on social networking sites and social support from 2004 to 2015: A narrative review and directions for future research. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 20(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, M., & Lu, M. Y. (2003). Serving non-traditional students in e-learning environments: Building successful communities in the virtual campus. Educational Media International, 40(1–2), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952398032000092206
   Google Scholar
• Misra, R., & Castillo, L. G. (2004). Academic stress among college students: Comparison of American and international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(2), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.11.2.132
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, M. A., Jelenchick, L. A., Egan, K. G., Cox, E., Young, H., Gannon, K. E., & Becker, T. (2011). Feeling bad on Facebook: Depression disclosures by college students on a social networking site. Depression and Anxiety, 28(6), 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quimby, J. L., & O’Brien, K. M. (2006). Predictors of well-being among non-traditional female students with children. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00429.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, D., Camart, N., & Romo, L. (2017). Predictors of stress in college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(19), 18–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sansgiry, S. S., & Sail, K. (2006). Effect of students' perceptions of course load on test anxiety. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(2), 26–26. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields, N. (2001). Stress, active coping, and academic performance among persisting and nonpersisting college students. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 6(2), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2001.tb00107.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01105.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwick, S. M., Sippel, L., Krystal, J., Charney, D., Mayes, L., & Pietrzak, R. (2016). Why are some individuals more resilient than others: The role of social support. World Psychiatry, 15(1), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulaiman, T., Hassan, A., Sapian, V. M., & Abdullah, S. K. (2009). The level of stress among students in urban and rural secondary schools in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 179–184. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17239
   Google Scholar
• Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research and applications (pp. 51–72). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_4
   Google Scholar
• Trepte, S., Dienlin, T., & Reinecke, L. (2015). Influence of social support received in online and offline contexts on satisfaction with social support and satisfaction with life: A longitudinal study. Media Psychology, 18(1), 74–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2013.838904
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voltmer, E., Kötter, T., & Spahn, C. (2012). Perceived medical school stress and the development of behavior and experience patterns in German medical students. Medical Teacher, 34(10), 840–847. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.706339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, K. B., Rosenberg, J., Egbert, N., Ploeger, N. A., Bernard, D. R., & King, S. (2013). Communication competence, social support, and depression among college students: A model of Facebook and offline support network influence. Journal of Health Communication, 18(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.688250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai, H., Chen, L., Yang, Y., Sun, H., Pan, H., He, J., Zhu, X., Sui, H., Wang, W., Qiu, X., Qiao, Z., Yang, X., Yang, J., Yu, Y., Ban, B., & He, C. (2016). Family and college environmental exposures mediate the relationship between parental education and depression among college students. PLOS One, 11(3), e0151759. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R. (2017). The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: An examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3–4), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar