233
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Biodegradative and Biosynthetic Capacities of Mushrooms: Present and Future Strategies

, &
Pages 91-236 | Published online: 29 Sep 2008

REFERENCES

  • Abate, D. 1995. Cultivation of the oyster mushroom in traditional brick pots. Mycologist. 9(4): 179–181.
  • Abernethy, G. A., and Walker, J. R. L. 1993. Degradation of the insecticide hydramethylnon by Phcmerochaete chrysosporium. Biodegradation 4: 131–139.
  • Abou-Heilah A. N, Kasim, M. Y., and Khailel, A. S. 1987. Chemical composition of the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus. Phyton 47(1–2): 63–68.
  • Abraham, W. R. and Spasov, G. 1991. 4-Hydroxy - methylquinoline from Polyporus species. Phytochemistry 30(1): 371–372.
  • Abraham, B. G. and Berger, R. G. 1994. Higher fungi for generating from components through novel biotechnologies. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42: 2344–2348.
  • Abraham, W. R., Hanssen, H. P., and Moehringer, C. 1988. Novel sesquiterpene ethers from liquid cultures of the wood rotting fungus, Lentinus lepideus. Z. Naturforsch. C. Biosci. 43(102): 24–28.
  • Adachi, K., Nanda, H., Otsuka, M., and Kuroda, H. 1988a. Blood pressure lowering activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36(3): 1000–1006.
  • Adachi, Y., Ohno, N., Yadomae, T., Suzuki, U., Sato, K., and Olkawa, S. 1988. Degradation with formic acid of confonnationally different d-glucans isolated from liquid cultured mycelium of Grifola frondosa. Carbohydr. Res. 177: 91–100.
  • Adams, W. H., Stoner, R. D., Adams, D. G., Read, H., Saltkin, D. N., and Siegelman, H. W. 1989. Prophylaxis of cynobacterial and mushroom cyclic peptide toxins. J. Pharm col. Exp. Ther. 249(2): 552–556.
  • Adler, E. 1977. Lignin chemistry — past, present and future. Wood Sci. Technol. 11: 169–218.
  • Agosin, E., Jarpa, S., Rojas, E., and Espejo, E. 1989. Solid state fermentation of pine sawdust by selected brown-rot fungi. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11(8): 511–517.
  • Ahn, J. S. and Lee, K. H. 1986a. Studies on the volatile aroma components of edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) of Korea. Han’guk Yongyang Siklyong Hakhoechi 15(3): 258–262.
  • Ahn, J. S. and Lee, K. H. 1986b. Studies on the volatile aroma components of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) of Korea. Han’guk Yongyang Sikyong Hakhoechi 15(3): 253–257.
  • Ahn, J. S., Kim, E. S., and Park, E. S. 1987a. Studies on the volatile components of edible mushroom (Lentinus edodes) of Korea. Han ’gvk Yongyang Siklyong Hakhoechi 16(4): 328–332.
  • Ahn, J. S., Kim, S. K, and Park, E. S. 1987b. Studies on the volatile components of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) of Korea. Han ’gvk Yongyang Siklyong Hakhoechi 16(4): 333–336.
  • Akamatsu, Y., Ma, D. B., Higuchi, T., and Shimada, M. 1990. A novel enzymatic decarboxylation of oxalic acid by the lignin peroxidase system of whiterot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett. 269: 261–263.
  • Aklunedova, Z. R. 1995. Study of the conditions of enzyme formation and the isolation of ligninase from Pleurotus ostreatus UzBI-1108. Khim. Prir. Soedin 5: 739–747.
  • Alberto, E. 1995. Studies of fruit body production of naturally occurring species of Agaricus on Agaricus bisporus compost. Ind. J. My col. Plant Pathol. 25(3): 266–269.
  • Albisu, I., King, R. D., and Kozlov, I. A. 1989. Inhibition of the catecholase activity of mushroom tyrosinase by carbon monoxide. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37(3): 775–776.
  • Al-Kassim, L. and Taylor, K. E. 1994. Enzymic removal of selected aromatic contaminates from wastewater by a fungal peroxidase from Coprinus macrorhizus in batch reactors. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 61(2): 179–182.
  • Al-Kassim, L., Taylor, K. E., and Bewtra, J. K. 1994. Optimization of phenol removal by a fungal peroxidase from Coprinus macrorhizus using batch continuous, and discontinuous semibatch reactors. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 16(2): 120–124.
  • Alleman. B. C., Logan, B. E.. and Gilbertson, R. L. Degradation of pentachlorophenol by fixed films of whiterot fungi in rotating tube bioreactors. Water Res. 29(1): 61–67.
  • Alofe, F. V., Odeyemi, O., and Oke, O. L. 1996. Three edible wild mushrooms from Nigeria: Their proximate and mineral composition. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 49(1): 63–73.
  • Amano, Y., Nishizawa, K., Tokoo, R., Matsuzawa, T., and Kanda, T. 1992. Extracellular enzymes produced by Lyophyllum ulmarium (Hyprizigus marmoreus) in commercial cultivation. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38(4): 411–416.
  • Ander, P. and Eriksson, K. E. 1975. Influence of carbohydrates on lignin degradation by the whiterot fungus, Sporotrichum pulverulentum. SVen. Paperstidn. 78: 643–652.
  • Ander, P. and Eriksson, K. E. 1976. The importance of phenol oxidase activity in lignin degradation by the whiterot fungus, Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Arch. Microbiol. 109: 1–8.
  • Ander, P., Eriksson K. E., Kolar, M. C., and Kringstad, K. P. 1977. Studies on the mutagenic properties of bleaching effluents. SVen. Papperstidn 80: 454–459.
  • Andersen, M. B., Hsuanyu, Y., Welinder, K. G., Schneider, P., and Dunford, H. B. 1991. Kinetics and equilibria of cyanide binding to Coprinus cinereus peroxidase. Acta Chem. Scand. 45(2): 206–211.
  • Andersson, B. E. and Henrysson, T. 1996. Accumulation and degradation of dead-end metabolites during treatment of soil contaminated with poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with five strains of whiterot fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 647–652.
  • Andrawis, A. and KAhn, V. 1990. Ability of various chemicals to reduce copper and to inactivate mushroom tyrosinase. J. Food Biochem. 14(2): 103–115.
  • Angelis, F., Arcadi, A., Marinelli, F., Paci, M., Botti, D., Pacioni, G., and Miranda, M. 1996. Partial structure of truffle melanins. Phytochemistry 43(5): 1103–1106.
  • Antonone, R., De simone. F., Ramundo, E., and Schettingo, O. 1985. Fatty acids in Vicia faba seeds: nutritional considerations and possible clinical implications. Riv. Sost. Grasse. L. XII: 257–259.
  • Aoyama, M. 1989. Utilization of protein from edible mushroom as a food additive. Comparison of culture methods on mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus. Kyoritsu Joshi Tanki Daigaku Kaseika Kiyo 32: 103–107.
  • Arbeloa, M., Leseleuc, J. D., Goma, G., and Pommier, J. C. 1992. An evaluation of the potential of lignin peroxidases to improve pulps. TAPPIJ. 75: 215–221.
  • Archibald, F., Paice, M. G., and Jurasek, L. 1990a. Decolorization of kraft bleach effluent lignins. In: Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Applications and Fundamental Investigations. Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Biotech. Pulp Paper Ind. pp. 253–262. Kirk, T. K. and Chang, H. M., Eds. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
  • Archibald, F., Paice, M. G., and Jurasek, L. 1990b. Decolorization of kraft bleachery effluent cliromophores by Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 12(1): 846–853.
  • Annenate, P., Pal, N., and Lewandowski, G. 1994. Role of mycelium and extracellular protein in the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1711–1718.
  • Asiegbu, F. O., Paterson, A., and Smith, J. E. 1996a. The effects of co-fungal cultures and supplementation with carbohydrate adjuncts on lignin biodegradation and substrate digestibility. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 273–279.
  • Asiegbu, F. O., Paterson, A., and Smith, J. E., 1996b. Inhibition of cellulose saccharification and glycolignin attacking enzymes of five lignocelluloses degrading fungi by ferulic acid. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 16–21.
  • Atomachi, R. 1988. Antitumor glucan polysaccharide manufacture by Coriolus versicolor. Jpn. Tokkyo Koho Jp 63 37087 (8837087) (IPC A61K–035/74) 22 July 1988, Appl. 76/153145,20 Dec. 1976, 5 pp.
  • Ayers, A. R. and Eriksson, K. E., 1982. Cellobiose oxidase from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Methods Enzymol. 89: 129–135.
  • Ayer, W. H. and Macaulay, J. B. 1987. Metabolites of the honey mushroom, Armillaria mellea. Can. J. Chem. 65(1): 7–14.
  • Baars, J. J. P., OP den Camp, H. J. M. Hermans, J. M. H., Mikes, V., Vander Drift, C., Van Griensven, L. J. L. D., and Vogels, G. D. 1994. Nitrogen assimilating enzymes in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Microbiology 140(5): 1161–1168.
  • Baars, J. J. P., Camp. H. J. M., Drift, C. V. Griensven L. J. L. D., and Vogels, G. D. 1995a. Regulation of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in the commercial mushroom. Igaricus bisporus. Curr. Microbiol. 31(6): 345–350.
  • Baars. J. J. P., Op den camp, H. J. M., Van Hoek, A. H. A. M., Drift, C. V. Van griensven, L. J. L. D., Visser, J., and Vogels, G. D. 1995b. Purification and characterization of NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Curr. Microbiol. 30: 211–217.
  • Babitskaya, V. G. and Shcherba, V. V. 1987. Production of biologically active compounds by the fungus Coriolus hirsutus on heterogeneous media. Mikrobiologiya 56(4): 600–607.
  • Babitskaya, V. G., Kostina, A. M., and Scherba, V. V. 1989a. Fractional composition of proteins of fungal origin. Vestsi Akad Anvuk BSSR, Ser. Biyal Navuk. 3: 36–39.
  • Babitskaya, V. G., Scherba, V. V., Osadchaya, O. V., and Latysheva, S. G. 1990. Degradation of lignin in rye and flax straw by mycelial fungi. Khim Drev. 6: 83–88.
  • Babitskaya, V. G., Scherba, V. V. Stakheev, I. V., Kostina, A. M., Osadchaya, O. V., and Latysheva, S. G. 1989b. Composition of products formed as a result of digestion of straw and flax scutch by some mycelial fungi. Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 25(2): 211–219.
  • Bae, S. H., Shin, K. S., Kang, S. O., Hah, Y. C., Cliae, S. J., Kim, K. J., and Chol, H. T. 1989. Characterization of extracellular peroxidase from Pleurotus ostreatus. Misaengumi Hakhoechi 27(4): 348–356.
  • Bajpai, P. and Bajpai, P. K. 1994. Biological color removal of pulp and paper mill waste waters. J. Biotechnol. 33: 211–220.
  • Bakowski, J. and Kosson, R. 1985. Nutritional value and amino acids composition of the mushroom (Igaricus bisporus) at different stages of its development. Acta Agroboi. 38(2): 103–113.
  • Balasubramanya, R. H., Pai, Y. D. Shaikh, A. J., and Khandaparkar, V. G. 1989. Biological softening of spent cotton plant stalks for the preparation of pulp. Biol. Wastes 30(4): 317–320.
  • Barr, D. P. and Aust, S. D. 1994. Mechanism of whiterot fungi used to degrade pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 78–87.
  • Beck, H. C., Lauritsen, F. R., Patrick, J. S., and Cooks, R. G. 1996. Metabolism of halogenated compounds in the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta studied by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Bio-Technol. Bioeng. 51: 23–32.
  • Barrasa, J. M., Camarero, S. A. T., and Ruel, K. 1995. Ultrastructural aspects of wheat straw degradation by Phanerochaete chryosporium and Trametes versicolor. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 43: 766–770.
  • Beelman, R. B., Witowski, M. E., Doores, S., Kilara, A., and Kuhn, G. D. 1989. Acidification process technology to control thermophilic spoilage in canned mushrooms. J. Food Prot. 52(3): 178–183.
  • Bellesia, F., Pinetti, A., Bianchi, A., and Tirillini, B. 1996. Volatile compounds of the white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) from Middle Italy. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 11(4): 239–243.
  • Berenzenko, S., and Sturgeon R. J. 1991. The enzymic determination of d-mannitol with mannitol dehydrogenase from Agaricus bisporus. Carbohydr. Res. 216: 505–509.
  • Bergbauer, M., Eggert, C., and Kraepelin, G. 1991. Degradation of chlorinated lignin compounds in a bleach plant effluent by the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 35(1): 105–109.
  • Berger, R. G., Neuheuser, K., and Drawert, F. 1986. Biosynthesis of flavor compounds by microorganisms. VI. Odorous constituents of Polyporus du sus (Basidiomycetes). Z. Naturforsch. C; Bioscience 41(11–12): 963–970.
  • Bernabe-Gonzalez, T. and Arzeta-Gomez, J. M. 1994. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on peanut hulls and dry maize leaves. Revista Mexicana de micobiol. Biotechnology 10: 15–20.
  • Bernhelmer, A. W. and Oppenheim, J. D. 1987. Some properties of flammutoxin from the edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes. Toxicon 25(11): 1145–1152.
  • Beynen, A. C., Fielmich, A. M., Lemmens, A. G., and Terpstra, A. H. M. 1996. Farm grown mushrooms (Agaricus campestris) in the diet of rats do not affect plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. Nahrung 40: 343–344.
  • Bhandari, K. S. and Bist, V. 1989. Effect of Coriolus versicolor on physiochemical properties of eucalyptus globulus wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 23(2): 163–169.
  • Biochemie, G. M. B. H. 1990. Pencillin manufacture waste as fertilizerfor mushroom culture. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 02177821 (90177821) (IPC AOIG–001/04), 10 July 1990, Appl. At 88/2654, 27 Oct. 1989, 6 pp.
  • Birch, G. G. 1973. Mushroom sugar. Plant Foods Man. 1: 49–53.
  • Bisaria, R., Vasudevan P., and Bisaria, V. V. 1990. Utilization of spent agro-residues from mushroom cultivation for biogas production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33(5): 607–609.
  • Bisaria R, Madan M., Bisaria V. S., and Mukhopadhyay, S. N. 1987. Amino acid composition of the mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, cultivated on different agro residues. Biol. Wastes 20(4): 251–259.
  • Biswas, H. D., Dodson A. P. J., Harvey, P. J., and Palmer, J. M. 1987. Ligninases from white-rot fungi. Colloq. INRA (Lignin Enzymic Microb. Degrad) 40: 125–130.
  • Blanchette, R. A., Otjen L., and Carbon, M. C. 1987. Lignin distribution in cell walls of birch wood decayed by white-rot basidiomycetes. Phytopathology 77(5): 684–690.
  • Blanchette, R. A., Burnes, T. A., Leatham, G. F., and Effland, M. J. 1988. Selection of white-rot fungi for biopulping. Biomass 15(2): 93–101.
  • Blanchette, R. A., Abad, A. R., Farrell, R. L., and Leathers, T. D. 1989. Detection of lignin peroxidase and xylanase by immunocyto-chemical labeling in wood decayed by basidiomycetes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55(6): 1457–1465.
  • Blanco, G. D., Caso Garcia, L., and Picinelli, L. A. 1992. Analysis of cultivated mushrooms (Pleurotus columbinus). Alimuntaria (Madrid) 29(334): 55–56.
  • Bobek, P., Ginter, E., Kuniak L., Babala, J., Jurcovicova, M., Ozdin, L., and Cerven, J. 1991. Effect of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and isolated fungal polysaccharide on serum and liver lipids in Syrian hamsters with hyperlipoproteinemia. Nutrition (Burbank, Calif.) 7(2): 105–108.
  • Boettcher, U., Huettennann, A., and Trojanowski, J. 1988. Large Scale production of fungal filaments having improved enzymic activity by immobilization of fungal protoplasts. Ger. DE 3634761 (IPCCI2N–001/14), 18 Feb. 1988, Appl. 3634761, 11 Oct. 1986, 16 pp.
  • Bollag, J. M. 1983. Cross-coupling of humus constituents and xenobiotic substances. In: Aquatic and Terrestrial Humic Materials, p. 127. Christman, R. F. and Gjessing, E. T., Eds., Ann Arbor Science Publ. Michigan.
  • Bonnen, A. M., Anton, L. H., and Orth A. B. 1994. Lignin degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(3): 960–965.
  • Bonzli, P. and Gerig, J. T. 1989. Conformations of the mushroom toxin phallacidin. Bull. Magn. Reson. 11(3–4): 408.
  • Bonzli, P. and Gerig, J. T. 1990. Conformational analysis of the mushroom toxin phallacidin by proton NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112(10): 3719–3726.
  • Booth, C. and Harold, H. B. 1982. A Field Guide to Mushrooms and Their Relatives. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York.
  • Bourbannais, R. and Paice, MG. 1987. The fate of carbon–14-labelled high molecular weight chlorinated lignin and chromophoric material during microbial treatment of bleached kraft effluent. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 7(1): 51–64.
  • Bourbonnais, R. and Paice, M. G. 1988. Veratryl alcohol oxidases from the lignin degrading basidiomycete, Pleurotus sajor-caju. Biochem. J. 255: 445–450.
  • Bourbonnais, R. and Paice, M. G. 1989. Oxidative enzymes from the lignin degrading fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju. Plant Cell Wall Polym. ACS Symp. Ser. 399: 472–481.
  • Braaksma, A. and Schaap, D. J. 1996. Protein analysis of the common mushroom. Igaricus bisporus. Post Han’est Biology and Technology 7(1/2): 119–127.
  • Bressa, G., Cima, L., and Costa, P. 1988. Bioaccumulation of mercury in the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 16(2): 85–89.
  • Brodkorb, T. S. and Legge, R. L. 1992. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in oil tar contaminated soil supplemented with Phenerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3117–3121.
  • Bronsgeest-Schoute, H. C., Van Gent C. M., Luten J. B.. and Ruiter, A. 1981. The effect of various intakes of 3 fatty acids on the blood lipid composition in healthy human subjects. Am. J. Clin Nutr. 34: 1752–1757.
  • Brunt, I. C. and Moore, D. 1989. Intracellular glycogen stimulates fruiting in Coprinus cinereus. Mycol. Res. 93(4): 543–546.
  • Bublitz. F., Guenther, T., and Fritsche, W. 1994. Screening of fungi for the biological modification of hard coal and coal derivatives. Fuel Process. Technol. 40(2–3): 347–354.
  • Bumpus, J. A. and Aust, S.D. 1987a. Mineralization of recalcitrant environmental pollutants by a white-rot fungus. In: Proc. Natl. Conf. Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Materials. pp. 146–151. Hazardous Material Control Research Institute, Silver Springs, MD.
  • Bumpus, J. A. and Aust, S. D. 1987b. Biodegradation of DDT (1,1,1–tetrachloro–2,2,-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane) by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 2001–2008.
  • Bumpus, J. A. and Brock, B. J. 1988. Biodegradation of crystal violet by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 1140–1150.
  • Bumpus, J. A., Tien M. Wright, D., and Aust, S. D. 1985. Oxidation of persistent enviromental pollutants by a white-rot fungus. Science 228: 1434–1436.
  • Bumpus, J. A., Powers, R. H., and Sun, T. 1993. Biodegration of DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis. (4–Chlorophenyl) ethane of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Mycologia 97: 95–98.
  • Burdsall, H. H. and Eslyn, W. E. 1974. Mycotaxon 1: 123–133.
  • Burton, K. S., Hammaond, J. B. W., and Minamide, T. 1994. Protease activity in Agaricus bisporus during periodic fruiting (flushing) and sporophore development. Curr. Microbiol. 28(5): 275–278.
  • Buswell, J. A. and Odier, E. 1987. Lignin biodegradation. CRC Rev. Biotechnol. 6: 1–60.
  • Buswell, J. A. and Chang S. T. 1993. Edible mushrooms: attributes and applications. In: Genetics and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms. pp. 297–324. Chang, S. T., Buswell, J. A., and Miles, P. G., Eds., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
  • Buswell, J. A., Cai, Y., and Chang, S. 1995. Effect of nutrient nitrogen and manganese on manganese peroxidase and laccase production by Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 128(1): 81–88.
  • Buswell, J. A., Cai, J., Chang, S. T., Peberdy, J. F., Yu, S. Y., and Yu, H. S. 1996. Lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of edible mushroom fungi. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 537–542.
  • Buta, J. G., Zadrazil, F., and Galletii, G. C. 1989. FTIR determination of lignin degradation in wheat straw by white-rot fungus, Stropharia rugosoannulata with different oxygen concentrations. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37(5): 1382–1384.
  • Byrne, A. R. and Tusek-Znidaric M. 1990. Studies of the uptake and binding of trace metals in fungi. Part I. Accumulation and characterization of mercury and silver in the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 4(1): 43–48.
  • Cai, Y. J., Buswell, J. A., and Chang, S. T. 1994. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by the straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Mycol. Res. 89(9): 1019–1024.
  • Campbell, J. A., Stewart, D. L., Me Culloch, M., Lucke, R. B., and Bean R. M. 1988. Biodegradation of coal related model compounds. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel. Chem. 33(4): 514–521.
  • Campbell, J. A., Bean, R. M., Stewart, D. L., Fredrickson J. K., Linenan, J. C., Franz, J. A., Mc Culloch, M., Thomas, B. L., and Wilson, B. W. 1990. Microbial solubilization of coals. Gas, Oil, Coal Biotechnol. (Pap, Int. IGT Symp.), 1st meeting Date 1988, pub. 1990. Akin, C. and Smith, J., IGT, Chicago, 1: 49–64.
  • Canofani, S., Di Sario, S., Mela, J., and Pilloton R. 1994. Comparison of immobilization procedures for development of an electrochemical PPO-based biosensor for online monitoring of a depuration process. Anal. Lett. 27(9): 1659–1669.
  • Cantin, D., Richard, J. M., and Alary, J. 1989. Chromatographic behaviour and determination of orellanine, a toxin from the the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus. J. Chromatogr. 478(1): 231–237.
  • Cantin, D., Richard, J. M., Alary, J., and Serve, D. 1988. Electrochemical study of the mushroom toxin orellanine and related pyridine-l-oxides. I. Reduction. Electrochim. Acta 33(8): 1047–1059.
  • Cao, P., Wu, Z., and Wang, R. 1990. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharide PA 5 DE from the fruiting bodies of Flammulma velutipes (Curt, ex Fr.) Sing. Shengwu Huaxue Zazhi 6(2): 176–180.
  • Cao, X., Li, Y., Chen L., and He, F. 1989. Immuno stimulation by polysaccharide of Lentinus edodes in mice. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 14(2): 110–111.
  • Cao, R., Ma, Y., and Mizuno, T. 1996. Chemical constituents of Chinese mushroom, Hohenbuehelia serotina. Shisuko Daigako Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 45: 25–30.
  • Capalash, N. and Shanna, P. 1992. Biodegradation of textile azodyes by Phenerochaete chrysosporium. World J. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 8: 309–312.
  • Catchside, D. E. A., Mallett, K. J., and Cox, R. E. 1988. Solubilization of Australian lignites by micro organisms. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel Chem. 33(4): 597–602.
  • Catherine, N., Christian C., Jacques, G., and Michel, M. 1996. Correlation between fatty acid content and aromatic compound release in fresh Blewit (Lepista nuda). J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 1180–1183.
  • Cavazzoni, V. and Adami, A. 1992. Exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial edible mushrooms. Ital. J. Food Sci. 4(1):’9–15.
  • Chahal, D. S. and Hachey, J. M. 1990. Use of hemicelluloses and cellulose and degradation of lignin by Pleurotus sajor-caju grown on com stalks. ACS Symp. Ser. 433: 304–310.
  • Chandrashekar, T. R., Zakia Bano, and Rajarathnam, S. 1981. Incompatability and grow th in Pleurotus flabellatus. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 77: 491–497.
  • Chang, S. T. and Hayes, W. A. 1978. The Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms. Academic Press, New York, 1–793.
  • Chang, S. T. and Miles, P. G. 1991. Recent trends in world production of cultivated mushrooms. The Mushroom J. 503: 15–18.
  • Chang, S. T., Buswell, J. A., and Miles, P. G. 1993. Genetics and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. pp. 1–325.
  • Chao, E. E. and Gruen, H. E. 1987. Intracellular activity of mycelial proteinases during fruit body development in Flammulina velutipes. Can. J. Bot. 65(3): 518–525.
  • Chen, D., Cheng, H., and Mi, X. 1987. Changes of esterase isozyme and amino acids contents of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Zhenjun Xuebao 6(1): 34–41.
  • Chen, H., Li, Z., Jiang J., Li, J., Xue, Y., and Zhen, Y. 1986a. The antiviral and immunopotentiating activities of polysaccharides extracted from Polystictus versicolor (L) Fr. in mice. Kangshengsu 11(5): 390–395.
  • Chen, C. C., Liu,S. E., Wu, C. M.,and Ho C. T. 1986b. Enzymic formation of volatile compounds in shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes Sing.). ACS Symp. Ser. 317: 176–183.
  • Chernyagin A. V., Reshetnikova, I. A., and Elkin, V. V. 1991. Comparative evaluation of two methods of measuring of ligninase activity in fungi of genus Coriolus Ouel. Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 16: Biol. (2): 57–62.
  • Chet, I., Trojanowski, J., and Huttennann, A. 1985. Decolorization of the Poly B-411 and its correlation with lignin degradation by fungi. Microbiol. Lett. 29: 37–43.
  • Cheung, P. C. K. 1996. Dietary fiber content and composition of some cultivated edible mushroom fruiting bodies and mycelia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44(2): 468–471.
  • Chiang, H. C. and Wann, M. H. 1986. Improved method of assay for germanium in crude drugs. Taiwan Yao Hsueh Tsa Chih 38(3): 189–198.
  • Chihiro, S. 1996. Antitumoric proteins isolation from mushroom. Jpn. Kokai. Tokkyo Koho Jp 08. 291, 078 (96,291,078) (cl. A61K35/84) 5 Nov. 1996 Appl. 96,720,675, 21 April 1995, 7 pp.
  • Chlavari, G., Francioso, O., Galletti, G. G., Piccaglia, R., and Zadrazil, F. 1988. Characterization by pyrolysis gas chromatography of wheat straw fermented with white-rot fungus, Stropharia rugosoannulata. J. Anal. Appl Pyrolysis 15: 129–136.
  • Cho, B. M. 1991. Purification and immobilization of mushroom Polyphenol oxidase (F.C). Diss. Abstr. Int. B. 52(3): 1152. Avail. Univ. Microfilms Int., order No. BRDX 92199.
  • Choi, H. T. 1987. Phenol oxidases and photomorphogenesis in Coprinus congregatus. From: Diss. Abstr. Int. B. 48(6): 1576. Avail. Univ. Microfilms Int., order No. Da 8719–735. 170 pp.
  • Chua, M. G. S., Choi, S., and Kirk, T. K. 1983. Mycelium binding and depolymerization of synthetic carbon-14-labelled lignin during decomposition by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Holzorschung 37: 55–61.
  • Chung, K. S. and Kim, B. K. 1985. Studies on constitutents of higher fungi of Korea. Part III. Studies on antitumor constituents of Pluteus cen’inus. Soul Taehakkvo Yakhak Nonmunjip 10: 1–18.
  • Cinseros, F., Garcia, I. C., and Padron, X. 1996. Studies on spent substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus as a source of proteases. Alimentaria (Madrid) 273: 69–71
  • Claus, H. and Filip, Z. 1987. Behaviour of phenol oxidases in the presence of clays and other soil-related adsorbents. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 28(4–5): 506–511.
  • Claus, H. and Filip, Z. 1990. Effects of clays and other solids on the activity of phenoloxidases produced by some fungi and actinomycetes. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 22(4): 483–488.
  • Cohen, M. S. and Aronson H. 1987. Microbiol degradation of coal by Polyporus versicolor: metabolism and product characterization. Electr. Power Res. Inst., (Rep). pp. 2763–2779. EPRI Ap (Palo Alto, Calif), 1987, EPRI AP 5043-SR, Proc. Annu. EPRI contract. Conf. Clean Liq. Solid Fuels, 11th, 1986.
  • Cohen, M. S., and Gabriele, P. D. 1982. Degradation of coal by the fungi Polyporus versicolor and Poria monticola. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44: 23–27
  • Cohen, M. S., Bowers, W. C., Aronson, H., and Gray, Jr. E. T. 1987. Cell-free solubilization of coal by Polyporus versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 2840–2843.
  • Cohen, M. S., Aronson H., Feldman, K, Brown C., and Gray, E. T., Jr. 1988. Recent progress in cell-free solubilization of coal. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 33(4): 530–539.
  • Cohen, M. S., Aronson, H., Feldman, K. A., and Gray, E. T., Jr. 1989. Recent progress in cell-free solubilization of coal. In: Proc. 13th Ann. EPRI Conf. on Fuel Sci. and conversion. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif, Lebowitz, H. E., Ed., pp. 9.1–9.13.
  • Cohen M. S., Feldman, K. A., Brown, C. S., and Gray, E.T., Jr. 1990. Isolation and identification of the coal solubilizing agent produced by Trametes versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56(11): 3285–3291.
  • Collins, P. J., Kottennan, M. J. J., Field, J. A., and Dobson, A. D. W. 1996. Oxidation of anthracene and benzo (a) pyrene by laccases from Trametes versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(12): 4563–4567.
  • Cowling, E. B. 1961. Technical Bulletin No. 1258. 79 pp., U.S.DA.
  • Cowling, E. B. and Brown, W. 1969. Structural features of cellulosic materials in relation to enzymatic hydrolysis. Adv. Chem. Ser. 95: 152–187.
  • Crawford, R. L., 1981. Lignin Biodegradation and Transformation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Crawford, R. L. and Crawford, D. L. 1984. Recent advances in studies of the mechanisms of microbial degradation of lignins. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 6: 434–442.
  • Crestini, C. and Sennanni, G. G. 1994. Oxidation and aromatic ring cleavage of 4-methoxy and 3,4–dimethoxy cinnamic acid by Lentinus edodes. Biotechnol. Lett. 16(9): 995–1000.
  • Crestini, C., Kovac, B., and Sennanni, G. G. 1996. Production and isolation of chitosanby submerged and solid state fermentation from Lentinus edodes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50: 207–210.
  • Cripps, C., Bumpus, J. A., and Aust, S. D. 1990. Biodegradation of azo-and heterocyclic dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1114–1118.
  • Crisan, E. V. and Sands, A. 1978. Nutritional value of edible mushrooms. In: The Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms. pp. 137–168. Chang, S. T. and Hayes, W. A., Eds., Academic Press, New York.
  • Dahlberg, M. D., Bockrath, B. C., and Speers, V. A. 1988. Solubilization of leonardite by white-rot fungi grown in stationary and shake flasks. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 33(4): 631–638.
  • Danell, E. and Eaker, D. 1992. Amino acid and total protein content of the edible mushroom, Canthrellus cibarius (Fries). J. Sci. Food Agric. 60(3): 333–337.
  • Danilyak, N. I. and Chernykh, V. A. 1987. The effect of temperature on the activity and stability of exocellular cellulases of Coriolus hirsutus (Fr.) Ouel. Ukr. Bot. Zh. 44(6): 61–64.
  • Danilyak, N. I. and Katsan, V. A. 1987 Effect of pH on the activity and stability of extracellular cellulases in Coriolus hirsutus (Fr.) Ouel. Mikrobiol. Zh. (Kjev). 49(4): 40–44.
  • Danilyak, N. I., Baglai, V. A., and Yarovenko, V. L. 1989. Kinetic and thermodynamic specificity of endoglucanases from higher basidiomycetes. Pishch. Prom. St. (Moscow). 3: 69–71.
  • Dare, P. H., Clark, T., and Chu-Chou, M. 1988. Consumption of substrate components by the cultivated mushroom Lentinus edodes during growth and fruiting on softwood and hardwood based media. Process Biochem. 23(5): 156–160.
  • Datta, A., Dunwell, J. M., Mehta, A., and Nataijan K 1994. A fungal oxalate decarboxylase and the gene encoding and their use in control of oxalate levels in plants. PCT Int. Appl. 56 pp.
  • Davis, M. F., Schroeder, H. A., and Maciel, G. F. 1994a Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of wood decay II. White-rot decay of paper birch. Holzforschung 48(3): 186–192.
  • Davis, M. F., Schroeder, H. R., and Maciel, G. E. 1994b. Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of wood decay. I. White-rot decay of Colorado blue spruce. Holzforschung. 43(2): 99–105.
  • Deguchi, T., Kakezawa, M., and Nishida, T., 1997. Nylon biodegradation by lignin degrading fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63(1): 329–331.
  • De Jong E., Field, J. A., Spinnler, H. E., Wijnberg, J. B. P. A., and Bont J. A. M. 1994. Significant biogenesis of chlorinated aromatics by fungi in natural environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 264–270.
  • Del Valle, J. M., and Aguilera, J. M. 1989. Effects of substrate densification and carbondioxide conditions on supercritical extraction of mushroom oleoresins. J. Food Sci. 54(1): 135–141.
  • Denisova, N. P., Semenova, I. R., and Sukharevich V. I. 1989. Fibrinolytic proteinase biosynthesis by higher basidiomycetes in submerged culture. Mikol. Fitopatol. 23(4): 378–381.
  • Deon, G. and Schwartz, R. 1988. Natural resistance of tropical wood to biological attacks. Actual Bot. 3: 37–48.
  • Devi, C. C., Tripathi, R., and Ramaiah, A. 1989. pH-dependent interconvertible forms of mushroom tyrosinase with different kinetic properties. Pigm. Cell Res. 2(1): 8–13.
  • Dey, S., Maiti, T. K, and Bhattachryya, B. C. 1994. Production of some extracellular enzymes by a lignin-peroxidase producing brown-rot fungus, Polyporus ostreiformis, and its comparative abilities for lignin degradation and dye decolorization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(11): 4216–4218.
  • Dey, S., Rao, P. R. N., Bhattacharyya, B. C., and Bandy opadhyay, M. 1995. Sorption of heavy metals by four basidiomycetous fungi. Bioprocess Eng. 12(5): 273–277.
  • Dhawale, S. W., Dhawale, S. S., and Dean-Ross, D. 1992. Degradation of Phenanthrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium occurs under ligninolytic as well as non-ligninolytic conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3000–3006.
  • Diaz-Alarcon J. P., Navroo-Alarcon, M., Lopez-Garcia Serrana, H., and Lopez-Martinez, M. C. 1994. Determination of selenium levels in vegetables and fruits by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42(12): 2848–2851.
  • Di Lena, G. and Giovannozzi, S. G. 1994. Whey peremeate as a growth medium for Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19(5): 391–393
  • Dodon, P. J., Evans, C. S., Harvey, P. J., and Palmer, J. M. 1987. Production and properties of an extracellular peroxidase from Coriolus versicolor which catalyzes C-α-C-β-cleavage in a lignin model compound. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 42(1): 17–22.
  • Dolunae, N., Hayashi, K., Miki, K., Tsumuraya, Y., and Hashimoto, Y. 1995. Purification and characterization of intracellular proteinases in Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59(11): 2074–2080.
  • Dominguez, X. A., Butruille, S. D., Gomez Parra, F., and Reyes, C. 1972. Aislamiento del 1,4–dimethoxy–2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenceno Y una lactona del Fomes robiniae. . Anal. Ouim. 68: 917–920.
  • Dong, W., Xiao, C., Sha, Y., and Liang, C. 1989. Spectrophoto-metric determination of the polysaccharides from Polystictus versicolor (L) Fr. in Yunzni Gan Tai granules. Zhonogguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao 20(3): 175–178.
  • D’souza, T. M., Boominathan, K., and Adinarayana Reddy, C. 1996. Isolation of laccase gene-specific sequences from white-rot and brown-rot fungi by PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(10): 3739–3744.
  • Dutton M. V., Kathira, M., Gallagner, I. M., and Evans, C. E. 1994. Purification and characterization of oxalate decarboxylase from Coriolus versicolor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 116(3): 321–325.
  • Eaton, D. C. 1985. Mineralization of polychlorinated biphenyls by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: a ligninolytic fungus. Enzyme Microb Technol. 7: 194–196.
  • Eaton, D., Chang, H. M., and Kirk, T. K. 1980. Fungal decolorization of kraft bleach plant effluent. Tappi. J. 63: 103–106.
  • Eberhardt, T. L., Han, J. S., Micales, J. A., Young, R. A. 1994. Decay resistance in confier seed cones: role of resin acids as inhibitors of decomposition by white-rot fungi. Holzforschung 48(4): 278–284.
  • Eder, J. and Wuensch, A. 1991. Protein quality of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). Chem. Mikrobiol Technol. Lebensm. 13(1/2): 25–29.
  • Edmundowicz, J. M. and Wriston J. C., Jr. 1963. Mannitol dehydrogenase from Agaricus campestris. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 3539–3541.
  • Edwards, S. L., Raag, R., Wariishi, H., Gold, M. H., and Poulos, T. L. 1993. Crystal structure of lignin peroxidase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.SA. 90: 750–754.
  • El-Zalaki, M. E., Gomaa, E. G., and Zoucil, M. B. 1995. Absidia blakesleeana and edible mushrooms as producers of proteases. Egypt J. Food Sci. 21(3): 223–236.
  • Endo, T. and Asada, K. 1992. The Food Ind. 35: 20–25.
  • Enke, M., Matschiner, H., and Achtzehn, M. K. 1977. Heavy metal accumulation in mushrooms. Nahrung 21: 331.
  • Enke, M., Rosching, M., Matschiner, H., and Achtsehn, M. A. 1979. Uptake of lead, cadmium and mercury by cultivated mushrooms. Nahrung 23: 731.
  • Enoki, A., Tanaka, H., and Fuse, G. 1988. Degradation of lignin related compounds, pure cellulose, and wood components by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Holzforschung 42(2): 85–93.
  • Enoki, A., Tanaka, H., and Fuse, G. 1989. Relationship between degradation of wood and production of hydrogen peroxide producing or one electron oxidases by brown-rot fungi. Wood Sci. Technol. 23(1): 1–12.
  • Eriksson, K. E. 1988. In. Biochemistry and Genetics of Cellulose Degradation. pp. 285–305. Aubert, J. P., Ed., Academic Press, New York.
  • Eriksson, K. E. and Lindholm, U. 1971. Lignets mikrobiella nedbrytning. SVen. Papperstidn 74: 701–706.
  • Eriksson K E., Blanchette, R. A., and Ander, P. 1990. Biodegradation of lignin. In: Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Wood and Wood Components. pp. 225–397. Timell, T. E., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Eun, J. S., Yang, J. H., Cho, D. Y., Lee, T. K., and Park, I. H. 1989. Studies on higher fungi in Korea. (II) Proteolytic enzyme of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. Yakche Hakhoechi 19(1): 565–800.
  • Faix, O., Mozuch, M. D., and Kirk, T. K. 1985. Degradation of gymnospenn (guaiacyl) vs. angiospenn (syringyl/guaiacyl) lignins by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Holzforschung 39: 203–208.
  • Falandyszm, J. and Danisiewicz, D. 1994. Silver uptake by Agaricus bisporus from an artificially enriched substrate. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 199(3): 225–228.
  • Fanner, V. C., Henderson, M. E. K, and Russell, J. D. 1960. Aromatic alcohol oxidase activity in the growth medium of Polystictus versicolor. Biochem. J. 74: 257–262.
  • Farrell, R. L. 1987. Use of RLDM 1–6 and other lignolytic exzymes in the bleaching of kraft pulp. Patent Application, United States 4,690,895.
  • Farrell, R. Murthag, K. E., Tien, M., Mozuch, M. D., and Kirk, T. K. 1989. Physical and enzymatic properties of lignin peroxidase isozymes from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11: 322–328.
  • Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. 1990. Changes in nutrient contents of two Nigerian mushrooms, Termitomyces robustus (Beeli) Heim and Lentinus subnudus Berk, during sporophore development. Die Nahrung 34(5): 415–420.
  • Faison, B. D. and Kirk, T. K. 1985. Factors involved in the regulation of a ligninase activity in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49: 299–304.
  • Fausin, B. D., Kirk, T. K, and Farrell, R. L. 1986. Role of veratryl alcohol in regulating ligninase activity in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52: 251–254.
  • Favero, N., Bressa, G., and Costa, P. 1990. Response of Pleurotus. Saf 20(1): 1–6.
  • Feng, H. and Wu, M. 1990. Effects of brassinolide on the mycelium growth and development and the fruit body output and quality of Pleurotus sapidus (Schulz) Sacc. Weishengwuxue Zazhi 10(1–2): 62–64.
  • Fenn, P. and Kirk, T. K. 1984. Effects of C-oxidation in the fungal metabolism of lignin. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 4: 131–148.
  • Fernando, T. and Aust, S. D. 1991. Biodegradation of munitions waste, TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), and RDX (hexa-hydro–1,3,5-trinitro–1,3,5-triazine) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In: Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management. ACS Symp. series 486. 2: 214–232. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
  • Fernando, T., Bumpus, J. A., and Aust, S. D. 1990. Biodegradation of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1666–1671.
  • Feuntes, J. L. and Robert, M. 1988. Eur. Pat. 262–040.
  • Fidanova, M. and Penev, P. 1988. Possibilities of biosynthesis of the substantial proteins of fungal mycelium in use of fermentation wastes (vinasse). Biotechnol. Food. Ind., Proc. Int. Symp. Meeting Date 1987, Pub. 1988., 557–567. Hollo J. and Torley, D., Eds., Akad. K., Budapest, Hung.
  • Field, J. A., Dellong, E., Feijoo-Costa, G., and De Bont, J. A. M. 1993. Screening for ligninolytic fungi applicable to the biodegradation of xenobiotics. Trends Biotechnol. 11: 44–49.
  • Fischer, K. H. and Grosch, W. 1987. Volatile compounds of importance in the aroma of mushrooms (Psalliota bisporus). Lebensm-Wiss. Technol. 20(5): 233–236.
  • Fischer, R. G., Rapsomanikis, S., Andrea, M. O., and Baldi, F. 1995. Bioaccumulation of methylmercury and transformation of inorganic mercury by macrofungi. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29(4): 993–999.
  • Fiskin, K., Unyayar, A., and Yesilada, O. 1989. Effect of laccase and peroxidase enzymes activities of white-rot fungi on delignification. Doga: Turk Biyol. Derg. 13(3): 141–148.
  • Fitzpatrick, W. H., Esselen, W. B., Jr., and Wein, E. 1946. Composition and nutritive value of mushroom protein. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 22: 318–323.
  • Flurkey, W. H. 1991. Identification of tyrosinase in mushrooms by isoelectric focusing. J. Food Sci. 56(1): 93–95.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 1970. Amino acid content of food and biological data on proteins. Nutrition studies No. 24, Food Policy and Food Sci. Serv. Nutr. Div. Food and Agriculture Organization Rome.
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (1972) Food composition tables for use in East Asia. Food Policy and Nutri. Div. Foods Agric Organ., U.N., Rome.
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 1973. Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO Adhoc. Expert Committee Food Nutr. Meet Rep. Ser. No. 52. Food Agric. Organ., U.N., Rome.
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation and World Health Organization 1970. Single cell protein guideline. No. 4, UNICEF Protein Advisory Group.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organisation 1972. Sixth Report of a Joint FAO and WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Tech. Rep. Semin. No. 505 Food Agric. Organ., World Health Organ, Geneva.
  • Forrester, I. T., Grabski, A. C., Burgess, R., and Leatham, G. F. 1988. Manganese, Mn-dependent peroxidases, and the biodegradation of lignin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157(3): 992–999.
  • Forrester, I. T., Grabski, A. C., Mislira, C., Kelley, B. D., Strickland, W. N., Leatham, G. F. and Burgess, R. R. 1990. Characteristics and N-tenninal amino acid sequence of a manganese peroxidase purified from Lentinula edodes cultures grown on a commercial wood substrate. Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol. 33: 359–365.
  • Fouad, F. M., Marshall, W. D., Farrell, P. G., Goldberg, M., and Ruhenstroth-Bauer, G. 1987. Inhibition by the mushroom toxins α-amanitin and phalloidin of hepatopoletin induced 3H thymidine incorporation into rat liver DNA and of plasma protein production in hepatocyte cultures. Toxicon 25(12): 1265–1271.
  • Fraser, M. A. 1989. Lignocellulose degradation by Coriolus versicolor — Ultrastructural and biochemical studies. Diss, Abstr. Int. B. 1989. 50(2): 539 Avail. Univ. Microfilms Int.
  • Fredrickson J. K., Stewart, D. L., Campbell, J. A., Powell, M. A., Me Mulloch, M., Pyne, J. W., and Bean, R. M. 1990. Biosolubilization of low rank coal by a Trametes versicolor siderophore-like product and other complexing agents. J. Ind. Microbiol. 5(6): 401–406.
  • Freitag, M. and Morell, J. J. 1992. Decolorization of the polymeric dye poly R-487 by wood-inhabiting fungi. Can. J. Microbiol. 38: 811–822.
  • Fridovich, I. 1975. Superoxide dismutases. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 44: 147–159.
  • Fridovich, I. 1976. In: Free Radicals in Biology. I, Chapter 6. Pryor, W. A., Ed., Academic Press, Orlando.
  • Friedman, M. 1996. Nutritional value of proteins from different food sources. A review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 6–29.
  • Fromm, G. 1989. Radioactivity in fresh mushrooms. Lebensmittel Chem. Gericht (Chem.) 43(5): 102–103.
  • Fu, Y., He, Q., Chavant, L., and Chakveak, C. 1995. Determination of the components of polysaccharides in eight edible mushrooms and their effects on the transformation of lymphocytes. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 28(5): 78–82.
  • Fujihara, S., Kasuga, A., Aoyagi, Y., and Sugahara, T. 1995. Nitrogen to protein conversion factors for some common edible mushrooms. J. Food Sci. 60(5): 1045–1047.
  • Fujii, T., Sugita, N., Kobayashi, Y., Saito, K, Iijima, H., Matsunaga, K, Andoh, T., Oguchi, Y., Morita, I., and Yoshikumi, C. 1985. Studies on combination therapy of PSK and MMC-dose schedule and the effect of immune responses. Recent Adv. Chemother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., Anticancer Sect. 2: 838–839. Ishigami, J., Ed., Univo Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Fujil, M., Takahashi, N., Ono, S., and Chila, T. 1990. Granules of glycoproteins derived from mushroom for treatment of tumors. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02167229 (90167229) (IPC A6IK–037/02), 27 June 1990, Appl. JP 887 219177, 1 Sept. 1988, 12 pp.
  • Fujimoto, H., Takano, Y., and Yamazaki, M. 1992. Isolation, identification and pharmacological studies on three toxic metabolites from a mushroom, Hebeloma spoliation. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40(4): 869–872.
  • Fujimoto, H., Hagiwara, H., Suzuki, K., and Yamazaki, M. 1985. Isolation and structure of hebevinosides, toxic metabolites of a mushroom, Hebeloma vinosophyllum (Part 2). Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshisnu 27: 521–528.
  • Fujimoto, H., Hagiwara, H., Suzuki, K., and Yamazaki, M. 1987. New toxic metabolites from a mushroom, Hebeloma vinosophyllum. II. Isolation and structures of hebevinosides VI, VIII, IX, X and XI. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35(6): 2254–2260.
  • Fujimoto, D., Tateishi, K., Hosono, T., Iwamoto, N., Matsubara, S., and Shimazu, S. 1988. Extraction of antiallergy agent from mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 63297400 (88297400) (IPC C07K–015/14), 5 Dec. 1988. Appl. 87/13437, 29 May 1987, 6 pp.
  • Fujita, T., Kumori, H., Komemushi, S., and Yamagata, K. 1990. Contents of amino acids in Tricholoma giganteum. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 10(3): 137–139.
  • Fujita, K., Kondo, R., Sakai, K., Kashino, Y., Nishida, T., and Takahara, Y. 1991. Biobleaching of kraft pulp using white-rot fungus IZU-154. TAPPI J. 74: 123–127.
  • Fujita, K, Kondo, R., Sakai, K, Kashino, Y., Nishida, T., and Takahara, Y. 1993. Biobleaching of kraft pulp with white-rot fungus. 120–154. TAPPI J. 76: 81–84.
  • Fukumori, F., Takeuchi, N., Hagiwara, T., Uhbayashi, H., Endo, T., Kochbe, N., Nagata, Y., and Kobata, A. 1990. Primary structure of a fucose specific lectin obtained from a mushroom. Aleuria auratia. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 107(2): 190–196.
  • Fukuzumi, I. 1987. Ligninolytic enzymes of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Lignin Enzymic Microb Degrad. Collog. LNRA 40: 137–142.
  • Fushiya, S., Yamada, S., Matsuda, M., and Nozoe, S. 1994. Three new amino acids from a poisonous mushroom, Clitocybe acromelalaga. Tetrahedron Lett. 35(44): 8201–8204.
  • Gallagher, I. M., Fraser, M. A., Evans, C. S., Atkety, P. T., and Wood, D. A. 1989. Ultrastructural localization of lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Plant Cell Wall Polymn. ACS Symp. Ser. 399: 426–442.
  • Galeno, D., Griselda., Agosin, T., and Eduardo. 1990. Screening of white-rot fungi for efficient decolorization of bleach pulp effluents. Biotechnol. Lett. 12(11): 869–872.
  • Gallagher, I. M. and Evans, C. S. 1990. Immunogoldcytochemical labelling of β-glucosidase in the white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32(5): 588–593.
  • Galliano, H., Gas, G., Seris, J. L., and Boudet, A. M. 1991. Lignin degradation by Rigidoporus lignosus involves synergistic action of two oxidizing enzymes: Mn-peroxidase and laccase. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13: 478–482.
  • Ganbarov, K. G., Muradov, P. Z., and Atakishieva, Y. Y. 1986a. Some characteristics of polysacchrase and oxidase biosynthesis by a wood-degrading basidiomycete, Bjerkandera adusta (Fr.) Karst. Mikol. Fitopathol. 20(6): 485–489.
  • Ganbarov, K. G., Atakishieva, Y. Y., and Kanygina, N. E. 1986b. Cellulolytic and oxidative enzymes of wood-decaying fungus Bjerkandera adusta (wild. ex Fr.) Karst. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. Az. SSR. 42(6): 70–72.
  • Gandy, D. G. 1985. Bacterial and fungal diseases. In: The Biology and Technology of the Cultivated Mushroom. Flegg, P. B., Spencer, D. M., and Wood, D. A., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 261–278.
  • Garcia-Cannona, F., Cabanes, J., and Garcia-Canovas, F. 1987. Kinetic study of sinephrine oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase. Biochem. Int. 14(6): 70–72.
  • Garibova, L. V., Reshetnikova, I. A., and Shumskaya, G. G. 1987. Effects of phenols on the growth and development of micromycetes in soil cover layers and studies on some oxidative enzymes of a cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Mikol. Fitopatol. 21(1): 19–26.
  • Gartz, J. 1988. Improved manufacture of Psilocybin and Psilocin with fungi. Ger. (East) DD 254395 (IPC C12P–001/02), 24 Feb. 1988, Appl. 297230, 8 Dec. 1986, 3 pp.
  • Gartz, J. 1989a. Improvement in indole alkaloid yields from fungi using tryptanine as a growth supplement. Ger. (East) DD 265636 (IPC C12N–001/14), 8 Mar. 1989, Appl. 308433, 30 Oct. 1987, 3 pp.
  • Gartz, J. 1989b. Preparation of 4-substituted indoles with fruiting basidiomycetes. Ger. (East) DD 273449 (IPC C 12P–017/10), 15 Nov. 1989, Appl. 317306, 29 June 1988, 3 pp.
  • Gartz, J. 1990. Manufacture of tryptophan derivatives with higher fungi. Ger. (East)., DD 2/8600 (IPC C12P–013/04) 9 May 1990, Appl. 323741, 23 Dec. 1988, 3 pp.
  • Geung Peter, C. K. 1996. The hypocholesterolemic effect of extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged fermentation of mushroom. Nutr. Res. (NY) 16(11/12): 1953–1957.
  • Ghosh, A. K. and Sengupta, S. 1987. Multisubstrate specific amylase from mushroom, Termitomyces clypeatus. J. Bio. Sci. 11(1–4): 275–285.
  • Ghosh, N., Mitra, D. K, and Chakravarthy, D. K. 1991. Composition analysis of tropical white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus). Ann. Appl. Biol. 118(3): 527–531.
  • Gilardi, G., Abis, L., and Casis, A. E. G. 1994. Wideline solid state NMR of wood: Proton relaxation time measurements on cell walls biodegraded by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 16(8): 676–682.
  • Gilardi, G., Abis, L., and Casis, A. E. G. 1995. Carbon-13 CP/MAS solid state NMR and FT-IR spectrascopy of wood.
  • Gindllis, A. L., Zhazhina, E. O., Baranov, Y. A., Karyakin, A. A., Gavrilova, V. P., and Yaropolov, A. I. 1988. Isolation and properties of laccase from the basidial fungus, Coriolus hirsutus (Fr.) Quel. Biokhimiva (Moscow) 53(5): 735–739.
  • Ginterova, A. and Lazarova, A. 1987. Amino acid composition of wood rotting fungi (Pleurotus) and total amino acid balance of the cultivating system. Food. Chem. 23(1): 35–41.
  • Ginterova, A. and Lazarova, A. 1989. Energy transformation of lignocellulosics into fruit bodies of the wood rotting fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Folia Microbiol. (Prague) 34(2): 141–145.
  • Giovannozzi, S. G., Luna, M., Felici, M., Artemi, F., and Badianl, M. 1986. Enzyme activities during Pleurotus ostreatus growth on wheat straw under controlled conditions. Microb. Biomass Proteins. 79–91. Moo-Young, M. and Gregory, K. F., Eds., Elsevier, Appl. Sci., London U.K.
  • Glenn, J. K. and Gold, M. H. 1983. Decolorization of several polymeric dyes by the lignin degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 45: 1741–1747.
  • Glenn, J. K. and Gold, M. H. 1985. Purification and characterization of an extracelluar Mn( 11 ) dependent peroxidase from the lignin degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 242: 329–341.
  • Glenn, J. K., Akileswaran L., and Gold, M. H. 1986. Mn(l) oxidation is the principal function of the extracelluar Mn-peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 251: 688–696.
  • Glenn, J. K, Akileswaran L., and Gold, M. H. 1987. Purification and characterization of an extracellular Mn(II) dependent peroxidase from the lignin degrading basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 251: 688–696.
  • Gogna, E., Volira, R., and Shanna, P. 1991. Biodegradation of Rose Bengal by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 58–60.
  • Gold, M. H., Wariishi, H., and Valli, K. 1989. Extracellular peroxidase involved in lignin degradation by the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ACS Symp. Ser. 389: 127–140.
  • Gold, M. H., Kuwahara, M., Chiu, A. A., and Glenn, J. K. 1984. Purification and characterization of extracellular H2O2-requiring diaryl propane oxygenase from the white-rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234: 353–362.
  • Golovleva, L. A., Myasoedova, N. M., Bask Nov, B. P., and Shevchenko, V. I. 1989. Degradation of model. β-1 and β-0–4 lignin compounds by the fungi Panus tigrinus and Coriolus versicolor. Mikrobiologiya 58(2): 256–261.
  • Gomez-Alarcon, G., Lahoz, R., and Saiz-jimenez, C. 1986. Production of some enzymes in the autolysis of the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor in fennentor. Microbiologia (Madrid) 2(2): 97–103.
  • Goszczynski, S., Paszczynski, A., Pasti-Grigsby, M. B., Crawford, R. L., and Crawford, D. L. 1994. New pathway for degradation of sulfonated azo dyes by microbial peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus. J. Bacteriol. 176: 1339–1347.
  • Grabowski, D., Muszynski, W., Petrykowska, M., Rubel, B., Smagala, G., and Lada, W. 1994. Activity of Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 in game and mushrooms in Poland. Sci. Total Environ. 157(1–3): 227–229.
  • Green, T. R. 1977. Significance of glucose oxidase in lignin degradation. Nature (London) 268: 78–80.
  • Gry, J. and Pilegaard, K. 1991. Hydrazines in the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Vaar Foeda 43: 38 pp.
  • Gu, F. 1989. Determination of nucleotides in mushroom soy sauce. Gongye Weishengwu 19(3): 39–40.
  • Guillen, F. and Evans, C. S. 1994. Anisaldehyde and veratryldehyde acting as redox cycling agents for HA production by Pleurotus eryngii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(8): 2811–2817.
  • Guillen, F., Martinez, A. T., and Martinez, M. J. 1990. Production of hydrogen peroxide by aryl-alcohol oxidase from the ligninolytic fungus, Pleurotus eryngii. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 32(4): 465–469.
  • Guillen, F., Martinez, A. T., Martinez, M. J., and Evans, C. S. 1994. Hydrogen peroxide-producing system of Pleurotus eryngii involving the extracellular enzyme arylalcohol oxidase. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 41(4): 465–470.
  • Gujaral, G. S., Bisaria, R., Mira, M., and Padma, V. 1987. Solid state fermentation of Saccharum munja residues into food through Pleurotus cultivation. J. Ferment. Technol. 65(1): 101–105.
  • Gutierrez, A., Caramelo, L., Prieto, A., Martinez, M. J., and Martinez, A. T, 1994. Anisaldehyde production and arylalcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase activities in ligninolytic fungi of the genus Pleurotus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 60(6): 1783–1788.
  • Haars, A., Tautz, D., and Huettennann, A. 1986. Bio-conversion of organosoluble lignins by different types of fungi. Resour. Conserv. 13(1): 37–51.
  • Haars, A., Huettennann, A., and Milstein O. 1988. Removal of phenols or chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons from waste waters from the cellulose industry. Ger. Offen. DE 3713103 (IPC C02F–003/00), 3 Nov. 1988, Appl. 3713103, 16 April 1987. 5 pp.
  • Habuka, N., Kawano, H., and Shishido, K. 1991. Purification and characterization of two DNA-binding proteins from the basidiomycete Lentinus edodes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55(2): 427–433.
  • Hadar, Y. and Cohen-Arazi, E. 1986. Chemical composition of the edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus produced by fermentation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51: 1352–1358.
  • Hadar, Y. And Dosoretz, C. G. 1991. Mushroom mycelium as a potential source of food flavor. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2(9): 214–218.
  • Haemmerli, S. D., Leisola, M. S. A., and Fiechter, A. 1986a. Polymerization of lignins by ligninases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 35: 33–36.
  • Haemmerli S. D., Leisola, M. S. A., Sanglard, D., and Fiechter, A. 1986b. Oxidation of benzo (a)pyrene by extracellular ligninase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium:s veratryl alcohol and stability of ligninase. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 6900–6903.
  • Halacheva, K., Zheiev, Z., Pajpanova, T., Hubenova, A., Spassova, M., Alexiev, C., and Golovinsky, E. 1988. Lysine-orotate potentiates the toxicity of an extract of the mushroom Amanita phalloides. Toxicon 26(6): 571–576.
  • Hallinger, S., Ziegler, W., Wallnoefer, P. R., and Engelhardt, G. 1988. Levels of 3,4-dichloroaniline in white-rot fungal cultures. Chemosphere 17(3): 543–550.
  • Hammel, K. E. 1992. Oxidation of aromatic pollutants by lignin degrading fungi and their extracellular peroxidases. Met. Ions. Biol. Syst. 28: 41–60.
  • Hammel, K. E. and Tardone, P. J. 1988. The oxidative 4-dechlorination of polychlorinated phenols is catalyzed by extracellular fungal lignin peroxidases. Biochemistry 27: 6563–6568.
  • Hammel, K. E. and Moen, M. A. 1991. Depolymerization of a synthetic lignin in vitro by lignin peroxidase. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13: 15–18.
  • Hammel, K. E., Kalyanaraman, B., and Kirk, T. K. 1986a. Mechanism of oxidative C-C cleavage of lignin model dimer by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ligninase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.SA. 83: 3708–3712.
  • Hammel, K. E., Kalyanaraman, B., and Kirk, T. K. 1986b. Oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzo-p-dioxins by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ligninase. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 16948–16952.
  • Hammel, K. E., Tien, M., Kalyanaraman, B., and Kirk, T. K. 1985. Substrate free radicals are intermediates in ligninase catalysis. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 8348–8353.
  • Hammel, K. E., Jensen, K. A., Mozuch, M. D., Landucci, L. L., Tien, M., and Pease, E. A. 1993. Ligninolysis by a purified lignin peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12274–12281.
  • Hammond, J. B. W. 1981. Variation of enzyme activity during periodic fruiting of Agaricus bisporus. New Phytol. 89: 419–428.
  • Hammond, J. B. W. 1984. The biochemistry of Agaricus fructification In: Development biology of higher fungi. pp. 389–401. Moore, D., Casselton, L. A., Wood, D. A., and Frank-Land J. C., Eds., Cambridge University Press, London.
  • Hanafusa, T., Yamazaki, S., Okubo, A., Toda, S., Suzuki, K., Nakajima, E., and Yasukawa, Y. 1990. Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of immunoactive and anti-viral water-soluble (14C) lignin in rats. Yakubutsu Dotal 5(5): 661–674.
  • Hang, B., Wu, G., Wu, Y., Lou, L., Rong, P., Yong, R., Hang, S., Yang, G., Chen, H., and Chen. Q. 1986. Antimutagenic action of polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor, Polystictus versicolor and the spores of Tremella fuciformis. Nanjing Yaoxueyan Xuebao 17(4): 305–308.
  • Hanra, P. M. 1988. Studies on the copper sites in Polyporus versicolor laccase. Diss. Abstr. Int. B. 49(11): 4812. Avail, Univ. Microfilms Int. Order NO. DA 8900670.
  • Hanran, M. A., Al-Dakan, A. A., About-Enein, H. Y., and Al-Othaimeen, A. A. 1989. Mutagenic and antimutagenic factor(s) extracted from a desert mushroom using different solvents. Mutagenesis 4(2): 111–114.
  • Hara, M., Yoshida, M., Moritmoto, M., and Nakano, H. 1987. 6-Deoxyilludin, M., a new antitumor antibotic: fermentation, isolation and structural identification. J. Antibiot. 40(1): 1643–1646.
  • Hara, C., Yokomori, Y., Kino, J., Nagai, K, and Ukai, S. 1988. A (1. fwdarw. 3)-α-d-mannan from a water extract of Dictyophora indusiata Fisch. Carbohydr. Res. 173(2): 334–340.
  • Haraguchi, T. 1986. Lignin biodegradation. Bio. Ind. 3(8): 649–661.
  • Harki, E., Talou, T., and Dargent, R. 1997. Purification, characterization and analysis of melanin extracted from Tuber melanosporium. Vitt. Food Chem. 58(1/2): 69–73.
  • Harper, D. B. 1985. Halomethane from halide ion -a highly efficient fungal conversion of environmental significance. Nature 315: 55–57.
  • Harper, D. B., Buswell, J. A., Kennedy, J. T., and Hamilton, J. T. G. 1990. Chloromethane, methyl donor in veratryl alcohol biosynthesis in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other lignin degrading fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 3450–3457.
  • Harvey, P. J. Schoemaker, H. E., and Palmer, J. M. 1986. Veratryl alcohol as a mediator and the role of radical cations in lignin degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett. 195: 242–246.
  • Hasan, M. Y., Threlfall, D. R., and Goodwin, T. W. 1965. Some lipids of the oidia of Pleurotus ostreatus. Phytochemistry 4: 559–565.
  • Hasegawa, T., Co., Ltd. 1986. Mushroom flavour compositions. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp., 61293361 (86293366) (IPC A23L–001/226), 24 Dec. 1986, Appl. 85/134385, 21 June 1985, 5 pp.
  • Hashida, C., Hayashi, K., Jie, L., Haga, S., Sakurai, M., and Shimizu, H. 1990. Quantities of agaritine in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the carcinogenicity of mushroom methanol extracts on the mouse bladder epithelium. Nippon Koshu Elsei Zasshi 37(6): 400–405.
  • Hashimoto, Y., Shibata, A., and Tanaka, S. 1990. Extraction of lectins from mushrooms. Jpn. Kokai. Tokkyo Koho Jp 0227089 (90270890) (IPC C07K–015/10), 5 Nov. 1990, Appl. 89/9199, 13 April 1989, 11 pp.
  • Hatakka, A., Mettala, A., Rouhiainen, L., and Viikari, L. 1994. The effect of quinone-reducing and phenol-methylating enzymes on the yellowing of mechanical pulp. Holzforschung 48(1): 82–88.
  • Hatsutori, S. 1987. Polysaccharide virucides for plants. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 622774 02, (87277402) (IPC C08B–037/00), 2 Dec. 1987, Appl. 867121762, 26 May 1986, 3 pp.
  • Haugland, R. A., Schlemm. D. J., Lyons, R. P., III., Sferra, P. R., and Chakrabarty, A. M. 1990. Degradation of chlorinated phenoxyacetate herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid and 2,4,5–trichloro phenoxyacetic acid by pure and mixed bacterial cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1357–1362.
  • Hault, K, Veide, A., and Gatenbeck, S. 1980. The distribution of the NADPH-regenerating mannitol cycle among fungal species. Arch. Microbiol. 128: 253–255.
  • Hayakawa, T., Yashimura, H., Kanetaka, M. and Sato, N. 1991. Chemical composition of Yanagi matsutake (Agrocybe cylindracea) cultivated on sawdust medium. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kalshi 65(4): 747–753.
  • Hayashi, H., Tarai, N., Terashita, T., and Murao, S. 1989. Effects of benzoic acid derivatives on the fruiting body formation of Favolus arcularius and Flammulina velutipes. Hakko Koga Ku Kaishi 67(5): 427–431.
  • Hayes, W. A. and Lim, W. C. 1979. Wheat and rice straw composts and mushroom production. In: Straw, Its Utilization and Disposal. Grossbard, E., Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • He, J., Yang, S., and Shi, G. 1988. Analysis of nutrients of Flammulina velutipes. Shiyong Jun 1: 17–25.
  • He, J., Hong, L., Yang, P., Lin, X., Zheng, S., and Liu, C. 1985. The preliminary exploration on biological recycling of rice straw (food, fuel, fertilizer). Anaerobic Dig., Proc., Int. Symp. 4th. 609–15.
  • Hedges, J. I., Blanchette, E. A., Welikym K, and Devol, A. H. 1988. Effects of fungal degradation on the cupric oxide oxidation products of lignin: A controlled laboratory study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52(11): 2111–2126.
  • Hedorov, N. I. and Parfenova, G. G. 1990. Accumulation of heavy metals by fruiting bodies of macromycetes exposed to different conditions of pollution. Vestsi. Akad Navuk BSSR, Ser. Biyal. Navuk 4: 19–24.
  • Hedrich, E. 1988. Short-time activation analysis of some Austrian mushrooms. J. Trace Microprobe Tech. 6(4): 583–602.
  • Hernandez, E., Ortiz, R., Lopez, F., Masso, F., Martinage, A., and Zenteno, E. 1993. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from Psilocybe barrerae. Phytochemistry 32(5): 1209–1211.
  • Higashiura, T., Ikeda, M., and Nakanishi, K. 1989. Manufacture of laccase with Agaricus. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 01 74984 (89 74984) (IPC C12N–009/02), 20 Mar. 1989, Appl. 87/230352,14 Sept. 1987, 3 pp.
  • Highley, T. L. 1977. Requirements for cellulose degradation by a brow n-rot fungus. Mat. Und. Organism 12: 25–36.
  • Highley, T. L. and Munnanis, L. L. 1987. Micromorphology of degradation in Western hemlock and sweet gum by the white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. Holzforschung 41(2): 67–71.
  • Higuchi, T. 1985. Lignin biochemistry: biosynthesis and biiodegradation. Wood Sci. Technol. 24: 23–63.
  • Higuchi, J. 1986. Wood Res. (Kyoto Univ.) 73: 58–81.
  • Hiramatsu, A., Kobayashi, N., and Osawa, N. 1987. An inhibitor of plant virus infection. Part III. Properties of two inhibitors of plant virus infection from fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes and from leaves of Yucca recurvifolia salisb. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51(3): 897–904.
  • Hirano, S., Matsuura, Y., Kusunoki, Y., Kitagawa, Y., and Katsube. 1987. Two crystalline forms of a lectin from Flammulina velutipes. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 102(3): 445–446.
  • Hiroi, M. 1988. Fatty acid composition of mushroom lipids and chemitaxonomy. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 29(4): 449–470.
  • Hirose, K., Hakozaki, M., Kakuchi, J., Matsunaga, K, Yoshikumi, C., Takahashi, M., Tochikura, T. S., and Yamamoto, N. 1987. A biological response modifier, PSK, inhibits reverse transcriptase in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149(2): 562–567.
  • Hirose, K, Furusho, T., Muto, S., Nitmura, K, Oohara, H., Oguchi, Y., Matsunaga, K, Kakuclii, J., and Sugita, N. 1988. Protein-poly saccharide from Coriolus for treating retroviral infections. Eur. Pat. Appl. Ep. 295962 (IPC A61K–035784), 21 Dec. 1988, Appl. Jp 87/15 2084, 18 June 1987, 8 pp.
  • Hishida, K., Nanba, H., and Kuroda, H. 1988. Antitumor activity exhibited by orally administered extract from fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36(5): 1819–1827.
  • Ho, C., Jurasek, L., and Paice, M. G. 1990. The effect of inoculum on bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with Coriolus versicolor. J. Pulp. Pap. Sci. 16(3): J78-J82.
  • Hoimdahi, J., Ahlmen, J., Bergek, S., Lundberg, S., and Persson, S. A. 1987. Isolation and nephrotoxic studies of orellanine from the mushroom, Cortinarius speciosissimus. Toxicon 25(2): 195–199.
  • Holtz, R. B. and Schister, L. C. 1971. Lipid metabolism of Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing. I. Analysis of Sporophore and Mycelial Lipids. Lipids 6: 176–184.
  • Holzapfel, M., Kilpert, C., and Steglich, W. 1989. Fungal pigments 60 Leucomentins, colorless precursors of atromentin from the mushroom Paxillus atromentosus. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 8: 797–801.
  • Homolka, L., Volakova, I., and Nerud, F. 1995. Variability of enzymic activities in ligninolytic fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus tigrinus after protoplasming and UV-mutation. Biotechnol. Tech. 9(3): 157–162.
  • Hong, S. W., Shin, K. S., Yoon, Y., and Lee, W. K. 1986. Extracellular wood-degradative enzymes from Lentinus edodes JAOl. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 14(3): 189–194.
  • Hong, J. S., Kim, M. K., Kim, Y. H., and Lee, Y. B. 1987a. Production and properties of laccase from Coriolus versicolor. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 15(2): 99–107.
  • Hong, J. S., Yun, S. E., Kim, Y. S., and Lee, J. B. 1987b. Synthesis of trehalose by Pleurotus spp. cultural conditions. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 15(2): 108–115.
  • Horie, Y., Sugase, K., and Horie K. 1991. Dietary fiber in brown algae and mushrooms. ASEAN Food J. 6(1): 32–33.
  • Horvath, E. M., Srebotnik, E., and Messner, K. 1993. Production of lignin degrading enzymes by Ganoderma colossunu compared to Phlebia radiata and Coriolus versicolor. In: Proc. FFMS Symp. Lignin Biodeg. Transformation Biotech. Appl. pp. 163–164 Forbitec Editions, Lisbon, Portugal, Durate, J. C., Ferreira, M. C., and Ander, P., Eds.
  • Hranisaljevic-Jakovijevic, M., Jakovijevic, D., Miljkovic-Stojanovic, J., and Pavlovic, L. 1988. A heteroglycan from Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Ouel. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 53(4): 225–228.
  • Hsu, C. S., Suzuji, M., and Yamada, Y. 1971. Chemical constituents of fungi. I. 1,4-Dimethoxy–2,3,5,6–tetrachlorobenzene (O-methyldrosophilin A) from Phellinus yucatensis. Chem. Abstr. 75: 115864a.
  • Hu, Q., Wang, H., Shen, W., Chen R., and Zou, M. 1988. Immuno-stimulation from the polysaccharides of Polystictus versicolor (L) Fr. in C57BL/6J mice bearing melanoma, B16. Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi 13(6): 425–431.
  • Haung, Z., Zhou, J., shen, Y., and Liu, H. 1987. Isoenzymes of Pleurotus species. Shiyong Jun 4: 8–9.
  • Huettennann, A., Majcherczyk, A., and Zadrazil, F. 1989. Decontamination of oxygen-containing gases, especially waste gases, using a biofilter. Ger. Offen. DE 3807033 (IPC BOID–053/00), 14 Sept. 1989, Appl. 3807033 4 Mar. 1988, 4 pp.
  • Huttennann, A. Herche, C., and Haars, A. 1980. Polymerization of water insoluble lignin by Fomes annosus. Holzforschung 34: 64–66.
  • Hughes, D. H. 1962. Preliminary characterization of the lipid constituents of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus campestris. Mushroom Science 5: 540–545.
  • Huynh, V. B., Paszczynski, A. J., Olson, P., and Crawford, R. 1986a. Transfonnation of arylpropane lignin model compounds by a lignin peroxidase of the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In: STFI/SPCI, Third Int. Conf. Biotech. Pulp and Paper Industry (Stockholm) pp. 42–45. June 16–19.
  • Huynh V. B., Paszynski, A., Olson, P., and Crawford, R. 1986b. Transfonnations of arylpropane lignin model compounds by a lignin peroxidase of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 250: 186–196.
  • Ichikawa, Y. 1991. Preparation of instant solid food. Jpn. Kokai Tokkya Koho Jp. 03172151 (91172152) (IPC A23L–001/212,) 25 July 1991, Appl. 89 310542, 1 Dec. 1989, 4 pp.
  • Iijima, T. 1986. Comparative studies in thiamin and its decomposing factors in Fagopyrum esculentum Moehc and Flammaulina velutipes curt, ex Fr. Kivo-Iida oshi Janki Daigaku 8: 1–12.
  • Iizuka, C. and Maeda, H. 1988. Anti-AIDS drug containing sugars and inorganic elements extracted from Lentinus edodes. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 292601 (IPC A61K–035/84), 30 Nov. 1988. Appl. Jp. 87/117286, 14 May 1987, 12 pp.
  • Iizuka, C., Iizuka, H., and Onashi, Y. 1990a. Extract of basidiomycetes, especially Lentinus edodes, for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Eur. Pat. Appl. Ep 370673 (IPC A61K–035/84) 30 May 1990, Appl. JP 88/287316, 14 Nov. 1988, 18 pp.
  • Iizuka, A., Matsumoto, J., and Ishida, T. 1993. Manufacture of modified lignins. Jpn. Kokai. Tokkyo Koho JP 05 58, 905 (93 58, 905) (cl. A61K 35/78), 9 Mar. 1993, Appl. 91/244, 833, 30 Aug. 1991, 3 pp.
  • Iizuka, C., Toda, S., Yamamoto, N., Niwayama, S., Abe, K, and Sugano N. 1990b. Manufacture of antiviral glycoprotein with basidiomycete. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 02286623 (90286623) (IPC A61K–035/84) 26 Nov. 1990, Appl. 89/108116, 27 April 1989, 11 pp.
  • Ikegaya, N. and Goto, M. 1988. Effects of phenolic compounds on fruit body fonnation of Lentinus edodes in liquid culture. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 29(4): 401–411.
  • Ikegaya, N., Goto, M., and Hayashi, Y. 1994. Change of glutamate dehydrogenase activities during fruit body formation in Lentinus edodes. Nippon Kingakukai Kaiho 35(2): 79–88.
  • Ikekawa, T., Saitoh, H., Feng, W., Zhang, H., Li, L., and Matsugawa T. 1992. Antitumor activity of Hyprizigus marmoreus. I. Antitumor Activity of Extracts and Polvsaccharisdes.
  • Ilbay, M. E. and Okay, U. 1996. The possibilities of using hazelnut shells in Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer production. Turkish J. Bot. 20(3): 285–289.
  • Ingerbrigtsen, J. and Flurkey, W. H. 1988. Affinity and hydrophobic chromatography of mushroom tyrosinase. Phytochemistry 27(6): 1593–1599.
  • Ioelovis, M., Ozolina, N., Tupureine, A., and Solov’ev, V. A. 1989. Structural changes in wood components under the action of white-rot fungi. Khim. Drev. 3: 96–100.
  • Ishihara, T. and Nishida, A. 1983. The role of oxidation and reduction enzymes in lignin biodegradation. In: Recent Advances in Lignin Biodegradation Research. pp. 134–142. Higuchi. T., Chang, H. M., and Kirk, T. K., Eds., Univ. Press, Tokyo.
  • Ismail, S. S. 1994. Distribution of Na, K, Pb, Cs. and 137Cs in some Austrian higher fungi. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 43–45, 707–714.
  • Isobe, M. and Goto, T. 1988. Extraction of Lampteroflavin from a mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 63215689 (88215689) IPC C07H–015726), 8 Sept. 1988, Appl. 87/47920, 3 Mar. 1987, 13 pp.
  • Isobe, M. and Goto, T. 1990. Bioluminescence of mushrooms. Kagaku (Kyoto) 45(11): 812–814.
  • Isobe M., Uyakul, D., and Goto, T. 1987. Lampteromyces bioluminescence I. Identification of riboflavin as the light emitter in the mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus. J. Biolumin Chemilumin. 1(3): 181–188.
  • Isobe, M., Uyakul, D., and Goto. T. 1988. Lampteromyces bioluminescence 2. Lampteroflavin, a light emitter in the luminous mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus. Tetrahedron Lett. 29(10): 1169–1172
  • Isobe, M., Uyakul D., Takahashi, H., and Goto, T. 1989. Lampteroflavin, light emitter of moon light mushroom, structure and synthesis. Teuren Yuki Kagobusu Toronkai Koen Yoshlshu 31: 396–403.
  • Itagaki, A., Kasahara, Y., Kimura, T. Hosoya, E., and Satoh, T. 1990. Studies on the toxicity of Lampteromyces japonicus Singer. Yamagata-Ken Elsei Kenkyushoho 23: 29–34.
  • Ito, H., Shimura, K., and Sumitani, T. 1990. Mushroom extracts for improving liver functions. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 02124829 (90124829) (IPC A61K–035/84) 14 May 1990, Appl. 88/276099, 2 Nov. 1988, 6 pp.
  • Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumitani, T., and Mizuno, T. 1991a. Peptic ulcer inhibiting glycoprotein manufacture with Polyporus confluens. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 03115224 (91115224) (IPC A61K–031/715) 16 May 1991, Appl. 89/251968, 29 Sept. 1989. 4 pp.
  • Ito, H., Shimura, K., Kawade, M., Sumiya, T., and Yamada, K. 1986. Antitumor actvity of and macrophage activation by a lipid fraction from Agaricus blazei. Iwada. Lgako to Seibutsugaku 112(1): 29–32.
  • Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumitani, T., Mizuno, T., and Naruse, S. 1991b. Isolation of antitumor polysaccharide-containing substance from Polyporus confluens. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo.
  • Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumitani, T, Mizuno, T., and Naruse, S. 1991. Preparation of antitumor polysaccharide N-PS with Polyporus confluens. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03133934 (91133934) (IPC A61K–035/84), 7 June 1991, Appl. 89/270484,19 Oct. 1989, 12 pp.
  • Ivanka, O., Stanimirovic D., and Stanimirovic, S. 1984. On determination of chitin content in mushrooms. Qual. Plant Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 34: 197–201.
  • Ivanova, T. A. 1988. Optimization of solid-state fermentation of wheat straw by fungi. ITT Symp. (Bioconvers. Plant Raw Mater Micro Org.) 88: 184–191.
  • Iwaguchi, I. 1985. Drug evaluation by lymphocyte electrophoresis in tumor-bearing mice. Recent Adv. Chemother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chem other. 2: 757–758. Ishigami, J., Ed., 14th, 1985, Anticancer Sect. Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo Japan.
  • Iwai, K., Ikeda, M., and Fujino, S. 1977. Studies on the biosynthesis of folic acid compounds. XI. Nutritional requirements for folate compounds and some enzyme activities involved in the folate synthesis. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 23: 95.
  • Iwamoto, T.,Nakai, M., Sasaki, T., and Naka, H. 1990. β-Y-Acctylglucosaminidasc productionby a strain of basidiomycetes and its physiological functions. Hakko Kogaku Kaishi 68(2): 107–115.
  • Jain, S. K., Gujral, G. S., Jha, N. K, and Vasudevan P. 1988. Heavy metal uptake by Pleurotus sajorcaju from metal-enriched duckweed substrate. Biol. Wastes 24(4): 275–282.
  • Jain, S. K. Gujral, G. S, Vasudevan, P., and Jha, N. K. 1989. Uptake of heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and their translocation into the fruit bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 68(1): 64–67
  • Jakucs, E. 1996. Therapeutic mushrooms. Tremeszet vilaga 127(12): 547–550.
  • Jensen, K. A., Jr., Kathryn, M. C. E., Kirk, T. K., and Hammel, K. E. 1994. Biosynthetic pathway for veratryl alcohol in the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(2): 709–714.
  • Jeong, H., Lee, J. W., and Lee, K. H. 1990. Studies on the anticomplementary activity of korean fungi. Han’quk Kyumhakhoechi 18(3): 145–148.
  • Jeune-Chung, K. H., Kim, M. K, and Chung, S. R. 1987. Studies on lectins from mushrooms (II). Screening of bioactive substance, lectins, from Korean wild mushrooms. Yakhak Hoe chi 31(4): 213–218.
  • Joensson L. and Nyman P. O. 1994. Tanden lignin peroxidase genes of the fungus Trametes versicolor. Biochim Biophys. Acta 1218(3): 408–412.
  • Joensson L., Becker, H. G., and Nyman, P. O. 1994. A novel type of peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1207(2): 255–259.
  • Johansson, T., and Nyman, P. O. 1987. A manganese (II) dependent extracellular peroxidase from the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Acta Chem. Scand. Ser. B 41: 762–765.
  • Johnsrud, S. C. 1987. Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J., Spec. Issue B, Steenberg, 75: 47–52.
  • Jonas, P. and Schanel, L. 1990. Decomposition of fibrous keratoproteins. Czech. CS 267822 (IPC C07K–015/06), 11 June 1990, Appl. 88/5148. 18 July 1988, 2 pp.
  • Jonsson, L., Johansson J., Sjostrom, and Nyman, P. O. 1987. Purification of ligninase isozymes from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Acta Chem. Scand. B41: 766–769.
  • Jung, S. T. and Hong, J. S. 1991. Volatile components of oyster mushrooms Tel: 565122 (Pleurotus species) cultivated in Korea. Hanquk Kyunjakhoechi 19(4): 299–305.
  • Jurasek, L. and Paice, M. G. 1988. Biological treatments of pulps. Biomass 15: 103–108.
  • Kabir, Y., Yamaguchi, M., and Kimura, S. 1987. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 33(5): 341–346.
  • Kadiri, M. and Fasidi, I. O. 1994. Enzyme activities of Chlorophyllum molybditis and Cortinarius melliolens at different sporophore stages. Biol. Plant. 36(4): 607–611.
  • Kahn, V. 1990. Synergism exerted by 4-tert-butyl catechol and tertabutyl catechol quinone on the rate of DL-DUPA oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase. J. Food Biochem. 14(3): 17–88.
  • Kahn, I. A. and Ali, R. 1987. Chemical modification of lysine residues in affinity purified mushroom tyrosinase. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 24(1): 12–17.
  • Kahn, V. and Miller, R. W. 1987. Tiron as a substrate for mushroom tyrosinase. Phytochemistry 26(9): 2459–2466.
  • Kahn, V., Osuga, D. T., and Whitaker, J. R. 1991. 2,4, 5-tri-hydroxybutyrophenone (2,4,5-THBP) as a substrate for mushroom tyrosinase. J. Food Biochem. 15(1): 1–15.
  • Kahn, V., Schvad, F., and Linder, P. 1994. Effect of maltol on the oxidation of O-dihydroxyphenols by mushroom tyrosinase and/by sodium periodate. J. Food Biochem. 17(4): 217–233.
  • Kajuno, C. and Miura, H. 1985. Chemical constituents of Pleurotus ostreatus. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkai-Shi 32: 338–341.
  • Kakezawa, M. Mimura, M., and Takahara, Y. 1989. Method for prediction of lignin sulfate decrease in wood flour solid-state fermentation by basidiomycete. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Kono Jp 03 76597 (91 76597) (IPC C12Q–011/02, 2 April 1991 Appl. 89/211458, 18 Aug. 1989, 4 pp.
  • Kalac, P. and Krizek, M. 1997. Formation of biogenic amines in four edible mushroom species stored under different conditions. Food Chem. 58(3): 23–236.
  • Kalac, P., Niznanska, M., Bevilaqua, D., and Staskova, I. 1996. Concentrations of mercury, copper, cadmium and lead in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercury smelter and a copper smelter. Sci. Total Environ. 177(1–3): 251–258.
  • Kalisz, H. M., Wood, D. A., and Moore, D. 1987. Production, regulation and release of extracellular proteinase activity in basidiomycete fungi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88(2): 221–227.
  • Kalisz, H. M. Wood, D. A., and Moore, D. 1989. Some characteristics of extracellular proteinase from Coprinus cinereus. Mycol. Res. 92(3): 278–285.
  • Kammerer, L., Hiersche, L., and Wirth, E. 1994. Uptake of radiocesium by different species of mushrooms. J. Environ. Radio Act. 23(2): 135–150.
  • Kamra, D. N. and Zadrazil, F. 1986. Influence of gaseous phase, light and substrate pretreatment of fruit body formation, lignin degradation and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw fermented with Pleurotous spp. Agric. Wastes 18(1): 1–17.
  • Kanagy, C., Vanderkooi, J. M., and Bonner, W. D., Jr. 1988. Luminiscence from the carbon monoxide derivative of Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 267(2): 668–675.
  • Kanda, T., Uno, I., and Ishikawa, T. 1986. Detection of proteins synthesized in the cap cells of Coprinus cinereus. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 32(4): 283–291.
  • Kanda, T. Inone, M., and Akiyama, M. 1990. Purification and characterization of an ubiquitin-iminunoreactive protein localized in the cap of young basidiocarp in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Biochimie 72(5): 355–359.
  • Kanda, K, Sato, T., Ishii, S., Enei, H., and Ejiri, S. 1996. Purification and properties of tyrosinase isozymes from the gill of Lentinus edodes fruiting body. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60(8): 1273–1278.
  • Kanetaka, S. and Myata, K. 1991. Hair-dyeing composition containing melanin precursors, aromatic amines and tryrosinase and/or mushroom extracts. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jpn 0348612 (91 48612) (IPC A61K–007/13), 1 Mar. 1991, Appl. 89/183637, 18 July 1989, 6 pp.
  • Kanetani, M. 1990. Mushroom in manufacture of fermented milk products. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 02283240 (90283240) (IPC A23C–009/133), 20 Nov. 1990, Appl. 89/103385, 25 April 1989, 3 pp.
  • Kanon, T., Matsunaga, K., Saito, K., and Fujii, T. 1990. Angiogenesis inhibitor. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 353861 (IPC A61K–03/02) 7 Feb. 1990, Appl. Jp 88/163065, 30 June 1988. 9 pp.
  • Kanran, K., Oblisami, G., and Loganathan, B. G. 1990. Enzymology of lignocellulose degradation by Pleurotus sajor-caju during growth on papennill sludge. Biol. Wastes 33(1): 1–8.
  • Kantelinen, A., Hatakka, A., and Viikari, L. 1989. Production of lignin peroxidase and laccase by Phlebia radiata. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31: 234–239.
  • Kapich A. N., Romonovets, E. S., and Volt, S. P. 1989. The lipid composition of Flammulina velutipes (curt. Fr.) Sing. Priki. Biokhim. Microbiol. 25(3): 368–372.
  • Kaplan, D. L. 1992. Biological degradation of explosives and chemical agents. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 3: 253–260.
  • Karunanandaa, K. and Verga, G. A. 1996. Colonization of crop residues by white-rot fungi: cell wall monosaccharides, phenolic acids, ruminai fermentation characteristics and digestibility of cell wall fiber components in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 63(1–4): 273–288.
  • Katagiri, N., Tsutsumi, Y., and Nishida, T. 1995. Correlation of brightening with cumulative enzyme activity related to lignin biodegradation during biobleaching of kraft pulp by white-rot fungi in the solid state fermentation system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61(2): 617–622.
  • Katase, T. and Bollag, J. M. 1991. Transformation of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid by a laccase of the fungus Trametes versicolor. Its significance in humification. Soil. Sci. 151(4): 291–296.
  • Katayama, Y. and Fukuzumi, T. 1989. Formation of new acetal linkages in the metabolism of syringaresinol structure of lignin by Coriolus versicolor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 58(2–3): 247–253.
  • Katayama, Y., Nishida, T., Morohoshi, N., and Kuroda, K. 1989. The metabolism of biphenyl structures in lignin by the wood-rotting fungus, Coriolus versicolor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 61(3): 307–313.
  • Kato, K, Okumura, N., Yamauchi, K., and Ueno, Y. 1989. Chemical features of water soluble polysaccharides in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa. Gifu Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 54: 199–203.
  • Kato, K., Kawaguchi, M., Kamada, K, Yamauchi, R., and Ueno, Y. 1990. An alkali-soluble-β-o-glucan from the fruiting body of Grifola frondosa. Carbohydr. Res. 198(1): 149–152.
  • Kaur, M. J. and Lakhanpal, T. N. 1995. Cultivation of Japanese mushroom. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) in India. Ind. J. Microbiol. 35(4): 339–342.
  • Kawabe, T. and Monta, H. 1994. Production of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol by the mushroom, Polyporus tuberaster K2606. J. Agri. Food Chem. 42(11): 2556–2560.
  • Kawachi, S., Meguro, H., and Nishiyama, K. 1992. Characteristics of bed logs for the cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) I. Chemical components and nutritive sources in the logs. Mokuzai Gakkaishi.
  • Kawagishi, H. and Mori, H. 1991. Chemical modification and NMR studies on a mushroom lectin Ischnoderma resinosum agglutinin (IRA). Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1076(2): 179–186.
  • Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., and Mizuno, T. 1990a. Hericenone A and B as cytotoxic principles from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett. 31(3): 373–376.
  • Kawagishi, H., Katsumi, R., Sazawa, T., Mizuno, T., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1986a. Cytotoxic steriods from the mushroom. Agaricus blazei. Phytochemistry 27(9): 2777–2779.
  • Kawagishi, H., Nomura, A., Yumen, T., Mizuno, T., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1988b. Isolation and properties of a lectin from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei. Carbohydr. Res. 183: 150–154.
  • Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., Mizuno, T., Yokoto, H., and Konishi, S. 1990b. A novel fatty acids from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54(5): 1329–1331.
  • Kawagishi, H., Nomura, A., Mizuno, T., Kimura, A., and Chiba, S. 1990c. Isolation and characterization of a lectin from Grifola frondosa fruiting bodies. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1034(3): 247–252.
  • Kawagishi, H., Abe. Y., Nagata, T., Kimura, A., and Chiba, S. 1991. A lectin from the mushroom Pholiota aurivella. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55(10): 2485–2489.
  • Kawagishi, H., Inagaki, K., Kanao, T., Mizuno, T., Shimura, K., Ito, H., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1989. Fractionation and antitumor activity of the water-insoluble residue of Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies. Carbohydr. Res. 186(2): 267–273.
  • Kawagishi, H., Kanao, T., Inagaki, R., Mizuno, T., Shimura, K., Ito, H., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1990d. Fonnolysis of a potent antitumor: Beta-d-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydr. Polym. 12(4): 393–403.
  • Kawagishi, H., Tanaka, A., Sugiyama, K, Mori, H., Sakamoto, H., Ishiguro, Y., Kobayashi, K, and Uramoto, M. 1996. A pyridine-derivative from the mushroom Albatrellu confluens. Phytochemistry 42(2): 547–548.
  • Kawai, S., Umezawa, T., and Higuchi, T. 1987. P-Benzoquninone monoketals, novel degradation products of β-o-4-lignin compounds by Coriolus versicolor and lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett. 210(1): 61–65.
  • Kawai, S., Umezawa, T., and Higuchi, T. 1988a. Degradation mechanisms of phenolic β-1-lignin substructure model compounds by laccase of Coriolus versicolor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 262(1): 99–110.
  • Kawai, S., Umezawa, T., Shimada, M., and Higuchi, T. 1988b. Aromatic ring cleavage of 4,6-di(tertbutyl)guaiacol, a phenolic lignin model compound, by laccase of Coriolus versicolor. FEBS Lett. 236(2): 309–311.
  • Kawai, H., Sugahara, T., Fujishiro, S., Natsuzawa, M., Aoyagi, Y., and Hosogai, Y. 1990. Mineral contents of edible mushrooms growing on wood comparison with mineral contents of mushrooms growing in soil. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 37(6): 468–473.
  • Kay-Shoemake, J. L. and Watwood, M. E. 1996. Limitations of the lignin peroxidase system of the white-rot fungus, Phanerochete chrysosporium. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 46: 438–442.
  • Kazandjian, R. Z. and Klibanov, A. M. 1985. Regioselective oxidation of phenols catalyzed by Polyphenol oxidase in chloroform. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107: 5448–5450.
  • Kelleher, T. J., Jr. 1981. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 171.
  • Kern, H. W. and Kirk, T. K. 1987. Influence of molecular size and ligninase pretreatment on degradation of lignins by Xanthomonas species strain 99. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 2242–2246.
  • Kerrigan, R. W. and Ross, I. K. 1988. Extracellular laccases: biochemical markers for Agaricus svstematics. Mycologia 80(5): 689–695.
  • Kersten P. J., Tien, M., Kalyanaraman B., and Kirk, T. K. 1985. The lignin of Phanerochaete chrysosporium generates cation radicals from mcthoxybenzenes. J. Biol. Chem. 260:2609–2612.
  • Kersten, P. J., Kalyanaraman, B., Hammel, K. E., Reinhammar, B., and Kirk, T. K. 1990. Comparison of lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase and laccase in the oxidation of methoxybenzenes. Biochem. J. 268: 475–480.
  • Khan, A. W. and Overend, R. P. 1990. An oxygenase enzyme system from Trametes versicolor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 66(1–3): 215–220.
  • Khan, A. W. and Overend, R. P. 1991. Aromatic compound-oxidizing enzyme system from Trametes versicolor. Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2005129(IPC C12N–009/00), 11 June 1991 Appl. 200–5129, 11 Dec. 1989, 24 pp.
  • Khanna, P. and Garcha, H. S. 1986. Nucleic acid content and relative nutritive value of sporophore proteins of Pleurotus speices. Mushroom News Lett. Trop. 6(3): 17–25.
  • Khowala, S., Naskar, A. K. Jana, M. L., Goswami, P. K., Senugupta, D., and Sengupta, S. 1989. Enzymic saccharification of waste cane top hemicellulose by mushroom endo-xylanases. Indian J. Technol. 27(3): 153–156.
  • Kihlberg, R. 1972. The microbe as a source of food. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 26: 427–257.
  • Kim, K. J., Maeng, J. S., Shin K. S., Kang, S. O., Hah, Y. C., and Hong S. W. 1986. Polymerization and depolymerization of lignin by some white-rot fungi. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 14(4): 427–488.
  • Kim, S. J. Han, D., Park, M. H., and Rhee, J. S. 1994. Screening for superoxide dismutase-like compounds and its activators in extracts of fruits and vegetables. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 58(12): 2263–2265.
  • Kim, H. M. Han S. B., Oil, G. T., Kim, Y. H., Hong, D. H., Hong, N. D., and Yoo, I. D. 1996. Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 18(5): 295–303.
  • Kim, Y. R., Yu, S. W., Lee, S. R., Hwang, Y. Y., and Kang, S. O. 1996. A heme-containing ascorbate oxidase from Pleurotus ostretus. J. Biol. Chem. 271(6): 3105–3111.
  • Kimura, Y., Asada, Y., and Kuwahara, M. 1994. Immunological reaction using antiserum for lignin peroxidase of Bjerkandera adusta. Moku-zai Gakkaishi 40(5): 661–665.
  • King, N. J. and Fuller, D. B. 1968. The xylanase system of Caniophara cerebella. Biochem. J. 108: 571–576.
  • Kino, T., Yoshida, I., Nagai, K., Ukai, S., and Hara, C. 1989. Polysaccharides in fungi. Part XXIII: α-d-glucan from an alkaline extract of Agrocybe cylindracea, and antitumor activity of its O-carboxy-methylated derivatives. Carbohydr. Res. 189: 273–279.
  • Kinugawa, K., Takamatsu, Y., Yoshihiro, S., Tanaka, K, and Kondo, N. 1986. Effects of concentrated carbon dioxide on the fruiting of several cultivated basidiomycetes. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 27(3): 327–340
  • Kiribuchi, T. 1990. Study of vitamin D2 contents of various fungi by ultravoilet light irradiation. Nippon Kasei Gakkaishi 41(5): 401–406.
  • Kiribuchi, T. 1991. Effective uses of fungi by UV irradiation. III. Changes of free amino acid composition in fungi by sun or ultravoilet light irradiation. Nippon Kasei Gakkaishi 42(5): 415–421.
  • Kirk, T. K. 1971. Effects of micro organisms on lignin. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 9: 185–210.
  • Kirk, T. K. 1983. In: The Filamentous Fungi 6: 267–295. Smith, J. E., Berry, D. S., and Kristiansen, B., Eds.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Moore, W. E. 1972. Removing lignin from wood with white-rot fungi and digestibility of resulting wood. Wood Fiber 4: 72–79.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Highley, T. L. 1973. Quantitative changes in structural components of conifer woods during decay by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Phytopathology 63: 1338–1342.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Yang, H. H. 1979. Partial delignification of unbleached kraft pulp with ligninolytic fungi. Biotechnol. Lett. 1: 347–352.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Chang, H. M. 1981. Potential applications of bioligninolytic system. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 3: 189–196.
  • Kirk, T. K. 1983. Degradation and conversion of lignocelluses. In: The Filamentous Fungi (Smith, J. E., Sarry, D. A., and Kristainsen, B., Eds.), Arnold, London, 6: 267–295.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Farrell, R. L. 1987. Enzymatic “Combustion”: the microbial degradation of lignin. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 41: 465–505.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Chang, H. M. 1990. Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacturer. Butterworth, Stoneham, Massachusetts.
  • Kirk, T. K. and Eriksson, K. E. 1990. In: World Pulp and Paper Technology, the International Review for the Pulp and Paper Industry. pp. 23–28. Frank, R., Ed., Sterling London.
  • Kirkpatrick, N., Reid, I., Ziomek, E., Ho, C., and Paice, M. G. 1989. Relationship between fungal biomass production and the brightening of hardwood kraft pulp by Coriolus versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 1147–1152.
  • Kitamoto, Y., Akashi, H.. Tanaka, H., and Mori, N. 1988. Alpha-Glucose-1-phosphate formation by a novel trehalose phosphorylase from Flammulina velutipes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 55(2): 147–149.
  • Kling, S. H. and Neto, J. S. A. 1991. Oxidation of methylene blue by crude lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J. Biotechnol. 21: 295–300.
  • Kobayashi, T., Takeuchi, A., and Okano, T. 1988. Shiitake and Vitamin D. Vitamin, 62(9): 483–490.
  • Kochetova, G. I., Manukovskii, N. S., Pan’kova, I. M., Trubachev, I. N., Kalacheva, G. S., and Gribovskaya, I. V. 1988. The biochemical composition of Pleurotus florida and Panus tigrinus grown on wheat straw cultures and reuse of partly oxidized substrates. Mikol. Fito-Patol. 22(1): 51–54.
  • Koenigs, J. W. 1974. Hydrogen peroxide and iron: a proposed system for decomposition of wood by brown-rot basidiomycetes. Wood and Fiber 6: 66–79.
  • Kofujita, H., Nabeta, K., Okuyama, H., and Miyake, M. 1989. Biodegradation of milled wood lignin on cellulose particle by Lentinus edodes. Mokuzai Gakkaichi 35(3): 268–274.
  • Kofujita, H., Sato, T., Nabeta, K, Okuyama, H., and Miyake, M. 1989. Components in Mizunara (Ouercus mongolica var. grosserrata) bed-logs decayed by shiitake (Lentinus edodes). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 35(6): 543–548.
  • Kofujita, H., Ohta, T., Asada, Y., and Kuwahara, M. 1991. Purification and characterization of laccase from Lentinus edodes. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 37(6): 562–590.
  • Koga, J., Ohashi, Y., and Hiratani, H. 1991. Anti-viral fraction of aqueous Lentinus edodes extract. Eur. Pat. Appl. Ep 437346, (IPC C12P–001/02), 17 July 1991, Appl. Jp 90/3818, 10 Jan. 1990, 9 pp.
  • Koide, K., Morohoshi, N., Haraguchi, T., and Nishida, T. 1986. Phenol oxidase production by Coriolus versicolor and related species. Jpn. Kokkai, Tokkyo Koho Jp. 61285989 (86285989) (IPC CI 2N–009/02) 16 Dec. 1986. Appl. 85/128804,13 June 1985, 8 pp.
  • Koide, K, Sugiura, J., Tsujloka, K., and Takahashi, T. 1987. Manufacture of lignin-degrading enzyme with Coriolus. Jpn. Kokai Tokko Koho Jp. 62220190 (87220190) (IPC C12N–009/42), 28 Sept. 1987, Appl. 86/60278, 18 Mar. 1986, 9 pp.
  • Kolankaya, N., Arisoy, M., Saglam, N., and Cansunar, E. 1989. Removal of color from bleach plant effluent by Pleurotus sajor-caju. Doga: Turk Muhendislik Cevre Bilmieri Derg 13(3): 415–428.
  • Komai, T., Mizutani, S., Gocho, S., and Hatae, S. 1986. Manufacture of mushroom flavour. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 61293367 (86293367) (IPC A 23L–001/23) 24 Dec. 1986. Appl. 85/134384. 21 June 1985, 4pp.
  • Kondo, A. and Kondo, Y. 1987. Apparatus for air purification. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 62129633 (871 29633) (IPC F24F–007/00), 11 June 1987, Appl. 85/270259, 30 Nov. 1985, 5 pp.
  • Kondo, R. andlmamura, H. 1988. Formation of lignin model glucosides by wood rotting fungi. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 34(7): 609–617.
  • Kondo, R., Imamura, H., and Iimori, T. 1988. Microbial/enzymic manufacture of glycosides. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63258591 (88258591) (IPC C12P–019/00), 26 Oct. 1988, Appl. 87/92983, 17 April 1987, 9 pp.
  • Kondo, R., Kurashiki, K, and Sakai, K. 1994. In vitro bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp by extracellular enzymes extracted from white-rot fungi in a cultivation system using a membrane filter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(3): 921–926.
  • Konno, K. 1995. Biologically active components of poisonous mushrooms. Food Reviews International 11(1): 83–107.
  • Kono, H., Habuka, N., and Shishida, K. 1986. Purification and characterization of type I DNA topoisomerase from Lentinus edodes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 37(2): 169–172.
  • Konro, K. and Shirahama, H. 1987. Mushroom poisons with excitatory activity. Acromelic acids in Clitocybe acromelalga. Kagaku to Seibutsu 25(7): 480–484.
  • Kretz, O., Creppy, E. E., and Dirheimer, G. 1991. Characterization of bolesatine, a toxic protein from the mushroom Boletus satanas Lenz, and its effects on kidney cells. Toxicology 66(2): 213–224.
  • Kretz, O., Creppy, E. E., Boulanger, Y., and Dirheimer, G. 1989. Purification and some properties of bolesatine, a protein inhibiting in vitro protein synthesis, from the mushroom. Boletus satanas Lenz (Boletaceae). Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 13: (Biol. Mon it. Exposure Response Subcell Level Toxic Subst). pp. 422–427.
  • Kreuter, T. and Rottig, C. 1990. Manufacture of laccase with white-rot fungi. Ger. (East) DD 277696 (IPC C12N–0(9/02), 11 April 1990, Appl. 322548, 2 Dec. 1988, 4 pp.
  • Kubo, I., Kim, M., Wood, F., and Naoki, H. 1986. Clitocine, a new insecticidal nucleoside from the mushroom. Clitocybe inversa. Tetrahedron Lett. 27(36): 4277–4280.
  • Kulkami, R. K. 1990. Mannitol metabolism in Lentinus edodes, the shiitake mushroom. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56(1): 250–253.
  • Kumaran, S., Sastry, C. A., and Vikineswary, S. 1997. Laccase, cellulase and xylanase activities during growth of Pleurotus sajor-caju on sago hampas. World J. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 13: 43–49.
  • Kuniak, L., Augustin, J., and Fehervary, A. 1992. Purification of β-amylase of Pleurotus ostreatus. Czech. CS. 273,056 (Cl. C12N9/30), 30 Mar. 1992, Appl. 88/3, 839, 03 June 1988, 3 pp.
  • Kurasawa, S., Sugahara, T., and Hayashi, J. 1991. Determination of dietary fiber in chitin-containing mushrooms by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi 44(4): 293–303.
  • Kurashima, Y., Tsuda, M., and Sugimura, T. 1990. Marked formation of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, an effective nitrite trapping agent in vivo, on boiling of dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes). J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(10): 1945–1999.
  • Kurkela, R., Koivurinta, J., and Kuusinen R. 1980. Non-protein nitrogen compounds in the higher fungi-a review. Food Chemistry 5: 109–130.
  • Kurosawa, S., Kawai, T., Akahane, N., and Sen, K. 1990. Purification and general properties of a nuclease from the fruit body of Flammulina velutipes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54(10): 2733–2735.
  • Kvesitadze, G. I., Kvachadze, L. L., Elisashvili, V. I., and Kachlshvili, E. T. 1988. Conversion of agricultural lignocellulosic wastes by mycelial fungi. ITT Symp. 88 (Bioconverse. Plant Raw Mater. Microorg).131–140.
  • Kwon, Y. J. and Uhm, T. B. 1984. A study on the lipid components in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida). J. Korean Soc. Food & Nutrition 13(2): 175–182.
  • Kysilka, R. and Wurst, M. 1990. A novel extraction procedure for Psilocybin and Psilocin determination in mushroom samples. Planta Med. 56(3): 327–328.
  • Lacki, K. and Duvnjak, Z. 1994. Production and utilization of an oxygenase for the reduction of sinapic acid ester content in canola meal. Conf. Appl. Biocatal., Three day Symp. 28–30.
  • Lamar, R. J. 1992. The role of fungal lignin degrading enzymes in zenobiotic degradation. Curr. Opin Bioteclmol. 3: 261–266.
  • Lasota, W. and Sylwestrazak, J. 1989. Chemical composition of cultivated mushrooms. Part III. Shiitake Lentinus edodes (Berk) Sing. Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol. 22(3–4): 167–171.
  • Lassek, E. and Montag, A. 1990. Nucleic acid components in carbohydrate rich food. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 190(1): 17–21.
  • Latiff, L. A., Daran, A. B. M., and Mohamed, A. B. 1996. Relative distribution of minerals in the pileus and stalk of some selected edible mushrooms. Food Chem. 56(2): 115–121.
  • Lauer, U., Anke, T., and Hansske, F. 1991. Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. 38: 2-methoxy–5-methyl–1,4-benzoquinone, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist from Lentinus adhaerens. J. Antibiot. 44(1): 59–65.
  • Laugero, C., Sigoillot, J. C., Moukha, S., Frasse, P., Bellon-Fontaine, M. N., Bonnanne, P., Mougin, C. and Asther, M. 1996. Selective hyperproduction of manganese peroxidases by Phanerochaete chrysosporium 1–1512 immobilized on nylon net in a double-column reactor. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 44: 717–723.
  • Leatham, G. F. 1986. The ligninolytic activities of Lentinus edodes and Phanerochaere chrysosporium. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 24: 51–58.
  • Leatham, G. F., Forrester, I. T., and Mislira, C. 1991. Enzymes from solid substrates. Recovering extracellular degradative enzymes from Lentinula edodes cultures grown on commercial wood medium. ACS Symp. Ser. 460 (Enzymes Biomass Convers) 95–110.
  • Leatham, G. F. Forrester, I. T., and Mislira, C. 1991. Enzymes from solid substrates. Recovering extracellular degradative enzymes from Lentinula edodes cultures grown on commercial wood medium. ACS Symp. Ser. 460 (Enzymes Biomass Convers) 95–110.
  • Lebron, C. A., Karr, L. A., Fernando, T., and Aust, S. D. 1992. Biodegradation of 2,4,6, trinitrotoluene by white-rot fungus. U.S. Patent 5,085,998.
  • Lee, S. I. and Kim, B. M. 1986. Properties of crude trehalase from Agaricus bisporus. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 14(3): 209–214.
  • Lee, S. H., Kondo, R., and Sakai, K. 1995. Treatment of kraft bleaching effluents by lignin-degrading fungi. IV. An accelerating effect of glucono-deltalactone on the fungal decolorization of the E1 effluent. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41(1): 110–113.
  • Leisola, M. S. A. and Garcia, S. 1989. The mechanism of lignin biodegradation. In: Enzyme systems for lignin degradation. pp. 89–99. Coughlan, M. P., Ed., Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.
  • Leisola, M., Ulmer, D., Haltmeier, T., and Fiechter, A. 1983. Rapid solubilization and depolymerization of purified kraft lignin by thin layers of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 117–120.
  • Leisola, M., Garcia, S., Kantelinen, A., Waldner, R., and Fiechter, A. 1987. Biology of lignin degradation. pp. 373–382. Biotechnol. Food Ind., Proc., Int. Symp. Holfo, J. and Torley, D., Eds., Akad Klado. Publisher.
  • Leonhardt, K., Anke, T., Hilten-Maske, E., and Steglich, W. 1987. 6-methylpurine, 6-methyl-9-β-d-ribofuranosylpurine, and 6-hydroxymethyl-9-β-d-ribo-furanosylpurine as antiviral metabolites of Collybia maculata (Basidiomycetes). (1). Z. Naturforsch., C: EBiosci. 42(4): 420–424.
  • Leonowicz, A., Szklarz, G., and Wojtas-Wasilewska, M. 1985. The effect of fungal laccase on fractionated lignosulfonates (Peritan Na). Phytochemistry 24: 393–396.
  • Leonowicz, A., Sarkar, J. M., and Boilag, J. M. 1988. Improvement in stability of an immobilized fungal laccase. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29(2–3): 129–135.
  • Leung, W. T. W., Butrum, R. R., and Chang, F. H. 1972. Food composition table foruse in East Asia: Part I. Food Policy and Nutrition Division. Food Agric. Organ. Rome.
  • Levanon, D., Danal, O., and Masophy, S. 1988. Chemical and physical parameters in recycling organic wastes for mushroom production. Biol. Wastes 26(4): 341–348.
  • Li, J. and Zhu, Z. 1987. Superoxide dismutase of the fruiting body of straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Fujian Nongxueyuan Xuebao 16(3): 220–223.
  • Li, H. and Zhang, S. 1988. Analysis and discrimination of EST, MDH, GDH and ADH of Lentinus edodes. Nanjing Nongue Daxue Xuebao 11(4): 47–52.
  • Li, J., Feng, L., and Wang, B. 1992. Production of a nutrient from lentinus edodes (xianggu mushroom). Faming Zhuanli Shengung Gongkai Shuomingshu. CN 1,059,457 (d. A23L1/28), 18 Mar. 1992, Appl. 91,109,908, 22 Oct. 1991., 13 pp.
  • Li. Y., Nie, D., Song, Y., Xia, C., and Ren, W. 1988. Separation of glycoproteins from submerge-cultured Dictyophora duplicata. Shiyong Jun 1: 15–19.
  • Li, X., Wang, J., Zhu, P., Liu, L., Ge, J. and Yang, S. 1990. Immune enhancement by polysaccharide peptides isolated from Coriolus versicolor. Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao 11(6): 542–545.
  • Li, B., Nagalla, S. R., and Renganathan, V. 1997. Cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is encoded by two allelic variants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63(2): 796–799.
  • Lim, M. I. and Patil, D. G. 1987. Mushroom tyrosinase as an oxidant for the synthesis of 5,6–dihydroxylndole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett. 28(33): 3775–3778
  • Limongi, P., Kjalke, M., Vind, J., Tams, J. W., Johansson, T., and Welinder, K. G. 1995. Disulfide bonds and glycosylation in fungal peroxidases. Eur. J. Biochem. 227(1/2): 270–276.
  • Lin, Z. and Huang, Y. 1987. Protective action of Lentinus edodes polysaccharide against experimental liver injury. Beijing Yike Daxue Suebao 19(2): 93–95.
  • Lin, Y. and Wu, G. 1988. Protective effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides on toxic hepatitis in mice. Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao 9(4): 345–348.
  • Lin, J. E., Wang, H. Y., and Hickey, R. F. 1990. Degradation kinetics of pentachlorophenol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 35: 1125–1134.
  • Lindstrom, K., Nordin, J., and Osterberg, F. 1981. Chlorinated organics of low and high relative molecular mass in pulp mill bleaching effluents. In: Advances in the delignification and analysis of organic pollutants in water. pp. 1039–1058. Keith L. H., Ed., Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI.
  • Liu, P. and Gan, J. 1987. Extraction and determination of the amino acids from mushroom blanching water. Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye 2: 57–61
  • Liu, F., Ooi, V. E. C., and Chang, S. T. 1995. Antitumor components of the culture filtrates from Tricholoma sp. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 486–490.
  • Liu, F., Fung, M. C., Ooi, V. E. C., and Chang, S. T. 1996. Induction in the mouse of gene expression of immuno-modulating cytokines by mushroom polysaccharide-protein complexes. Life Sci. 58(21): 1795–1803.
  • Llerena, E., Joseph, I. N., Diaz, P. J., Pacheco, E., Rosado, A., and Jimenez, L. E. 1987. Biosynthesis of fragrances by microorganisms I. production of monoterpenes by a basidiomycete. Rev. Cubana Ouim. 3(4): 31–35.
  • Lobarzewski, J. 1990. The characteristics and functions of the peroxidases from Trametes versicolor in lignin biotransfonnation. J. Biotechnol. 13(2–3: 111–117.
  • Lockner, R., Srebotnik, E., and Messner, K. 1991. Oxidative degradation of high molecular weight chlorolignin by manganese peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 178: 1092–1098.
  • Logan, B. E., Alleman, B. C., Amy, G. L., and Gilbertson, R. L. 1994. Adsorption and removal of pentachlorophenol by white-rot fungi in batch culture. Water Res. 28(7): 1533–1538.
  • Loparzewski, J. 1987. A lignin-biotransfonning peroxidase from Trametes versicolor and its use in immobilized form. Collq. INRA, 40 (Lignin Enzymic Microb. Degrad.).
  • Lu, B. C. and Li, X. 1988. Correlation of endonuclease activity at meiotic prophase and cofactor-induced genetic recombination in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Genome 30(3): 380–386.
  • Lu, B. C. and Sakaguchi, K. 1991. An endo-exonuclease from meiotic tissues of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Its purification and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 266(31): 21060–21066.
  • Lundquist, K. and Kirk, T. K. 1978. De novo synthesis and decomposition of veratryl alcohol by a lignindegrading basidiomycete. Phytochemistry 17(a): 1676–1683.
  • Lundquist, K. and Kristersson P. 1985. Exhaustive laccase catalysed oxidation of a lignin model compound (vanillyl glycol) produces methanol and polymeric quinoid products. Biochem. J. 229:211–279.
  • Ma, Y., Mizuno, T., and Ito, H. 1991. Studies on host mediated antitumor polysaccharides. XV. Antitumor activity of some polysaccharides isolated from a Chinese mushroom “Huangmo”, the fruiting body of Hohenbuehelia serotina. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55(11): 2701–2710.
  • Ma, Y., Mizuno, T., and Ito, H. 1992. Antitumor activity of some polysaccharides isolated from the wild mushroom “Huangmo” from Mt. Changbai. Baigiuen Yike Daxue Xuebao 18(3): 220–223.
  • Mac Donald, J. R., Muscoplat, C. C., Dexter, D. L., Mangold, G. L., Chen S. F., Keiner, M. J., Mc Morris, T. C., and Van Hoff, D. D. 1997. Preclinical antitumor activity of 6-hydroxymethylacyl fulvene, a semisynthetic derivative of the mushroom toxin illudin S. Cancer Res. 57(2): 279–283.
  • Madan, M., Shanna, S., and Vasudevan, P. 1992. Mineral content of Pleurotus sajor-caju and organic substrates used. Microbios 69(279): 113–118.
  • Maga, J. A. 1976. Mushroom flavor. J. Agric. Food Chem. 16: 517–532.
  • Magae, Y., Haga, K., Taniguchi, H., and Sasaki, T. 1990. Enzymes of strains of Pleurotus species (Basidiomycetes) compared by electrophoresis. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 36(2): 69–80.
  • Maier, G., Mayer, P., and Dietrich, H. 1990. Application of a Polyphenol oxidase for the stabilization of apple juice. Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundsch. 86(5): 137–142.
  • Majcherczyk, A., Zeddel, A., and Huettennann, A. 1994. Biodegradation of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) in contaminated soil samples by white-rot fungi, Appl. Biotechnol. Site Rem. Hinchee, R. E., Ed., 2: 365–370. Lewis, Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Malmstrom, B. G., Andreasson, L. E., and Reinhammer, B. 1975. Copper containing oxidases and superoxide dismutase. In: The Enzymes. 12: 507–579. Boyer, P. D., Ed., Academic Press, New York.
  • Maltseva, O. V., Niku Paavola, M. L., Leontievski, A. A., Myasoedova, N. M., and Golovleva, L. 1991. Ligninolytic enzymes of the white-rot fungus Panus tigrinus. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 13: 291–302.
  • Mani, P. K. and Philip, B. 1995. Potential application of African Weed (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) for the cultivation of oyster mushroom [Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer]. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 33: 806–808.
  • Manu-Tawaiah W. and Martin, A. M. 1987. Chemical composition of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial biomass. Food Micro.
  • Manzoni, M. and Cavazzoni, V. 1994. Saccharification of microcrystalline cellulose by cellulase of Morchella conica mushroom mycelium in comparison with a commercial cellulase. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 60(3): 299–303.
  • Martin, C. and Manzanares, P. 1994. A study of the decolorization of straw soda-pulping effluents by Trametes versicolor. Bioresour. Technol. 47(3): 209–214.
  • Marzullo, L., Cannio, R., Giardina, P., Santini, M. T., and Sannia, G. 1995. Veratryl alcohol oxidase from Pleurotus ostreatus participates in lignin biodegradation and prevents polymerization of laccase-oxidized substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 3823–3827.
  • Masaphy, S., Henis, Y., and Levanon D. 1996a. Manganese-enhanced biotransfonnation of atrazine by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius and its correlation with oxidation activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(10): 3587–3593.’
  • Masaphy, S., Levanon, D., and Henis, Y. 1996b. Degradation of atrazine by the lignocellulolytic fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius during solid-state fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 56(2&3): 207–214.
  • Matcham, S. E., Jordan, B. R., and Wood, D. A. 1985. Estimation of fungal biomass in a solid substrate by three independent methods. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 108–112.
  • Mau, J. L., Beelman, R. B., and Ziegler, G. R. 1992. 1–Octen-3-ol in the cultivated mushroom. Agaricus bisporus. J. Food. Sci. 57(3): 704–706.
  • Mau, J. L., Beelman, R. B., Ziegler, G. R., and Royse, D. J. 1991. Effect of nutrient supplementation on flavour, quality and shelf life of the cultivated mushroom. Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia 83(2): 142–149.
  • May, B., Henley, K. J., Fisher, C. G., and Royse, D. J. 1988. Linkage relationships of 19 allozyme encoding loci within the commercial mushroom genus Pleurotus genome. 30(6): 888–895.
  • McManus, B. M., Toth, B., and Pail, K. D. 1987. Aortic rupture and aortic smooth muscle tumors in mice. Induction by p-hydrazinobenzoic acid hydrochloride of the cultivated mushroom. [garicus bisporus. Lab. Invest. 57(1): 78–85.
  • McMorris, T. C., Moon, S., Ungab, G., and Kerekes, R. J. 1989. Isolation of illudin-S from the mushroom Omphalotus olivascens. J. Nat. Prod. 52(2): 380–389.
  • Mehna, A., Bajpai, P., and Bajpai, P. K. 1995. Studies on decolorization of effluent from a small pulp mill utilizing agroresidues with Trametes versicolor. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17(1): 18–22.
  • Mehta, V., Gupta, J. K., and Kaushal, S. C. 1990. Cultivation of Pleurotusflorida mushroom on rice straw and biogas production from the spent straw. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6(4): 366–370.
  • Menon, S., Fleck, R. W., Yong, G., and Strothkamp, K. G. 1990. Benzoic acid inhibition of the a, β, and gamma isozymes of Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 280(1): 27–32.
  • Messner, K., Srebotnik, E., Ertler, G., Foisner, R. Petterson, B., and Stavhelberger, H. 1987. Cell wall systems, extracelular membraneous structure and ligninase of wood rotting fungi. Lignin Enzymic Microb. Degrad., Colloq. INKA 40: 243–248.
  • Messner, K., Ertler, G., Jaklin-Fartcher, S., Boskowsky, P., Regensberger, U., and Blaha, A. 1990. Treatment of bleach plant effluents by the mycopor system. In: Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Applications and Fundamental Investigations, Proc., 14th Int. Conf, Biotech. Pulp paper Ind., Kirk, T. K., and Chang, H. M., Eds., pp. 245–251. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
  • Mester, T., Pena, M., and Field, J. A. 1996. Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the whiterot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS 55. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 44: 778–784.
  • Michels, J. and Gottschalk, G. 1994. Inhibition of the lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by Hydroxylamino-dinitro-toluene, and early intermediate in the degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 187–194.
  • Mietelski, J. W., jasinska, M. K., Barbara, K. K., and Machrski, P. 1994. Radioactive contamination of Polish mushrooms. Sci. Total Environ. 157(1–3): 217–226.
  • Mikes, V., Zofall, M., Chytil, M., Fulnecek, J., and Schand, L. 1994. Ammonia-assimilating enzymes in the basidiomycetes fungus , Pleurotus ostreatus. Microbiology 140(4): 977–982.
  • Milea, I., Florescu, C., Glurca, R., Staicu, N., and Tolol, I. 1988. Enhancement of the protein content of cellulose-rich feed by fungal fermentation. Rom Ru 93653 (IPC A23J–001/12), 30 April 1988, Appl. 121287 23 Dec. 1985, 5 pp.
  • Miles, P. G. 1993. Biological background for mushroom breeding. In: Genetic and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms (Chang, S. T., Buswell, J. A., and Miles, P. G., Eds.) Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. pp. 37–64.
  • Mileski, G. J., Bumpus, J. A., Jurek, M. A., and Aust, S. D. 1988. Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 2885–2889.
  • Miletic, I., Stankovic, I., and Lalic, Z. 1988. Electrophoretic investigation of edible mushroom proteins. Hrana Ishrana 29(4): 187–190.
  • Miletic, I., Stanimirovic, D., and Stanimirovic, S. 1990. Gel filtration study of mushroom proteins. Chromatographia 29(5–6): 214–216.
  • Miljkovic-Stojanovic J., Pavlovic, L., Jakovijevic, D., and Hranisavijevic-Jakovijevic, M. 1986. Structural studies of polysaccharides from edible mushrooms. II. A heterogalactan from Agaricus bisporus (L) Sing. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 51(9–10): 449–454.
  • Milstein, O., Nicklas, B., and Huttennann, A. 1989. Oxidation of aromatic compounds in organic solvents with laccase from Trametes versiolor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31: 70–74.
  • Milstein, O., Gersende, R., Huttennann, A., Chen, M. J., and Meister, J. J. 1992. Fungal biodegradation of lignopolystyrene graft co-polymers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3225–3232.
  • Milstein, O., Gersondo, R., Huttennann, A., Chen., M. J., and Meister, J. J. 1994a. Rotting of thenno plastics made from lignin and styrene by white-rot basidiomycetes. Appl. Biotechnol. Site Rem. (Pap. Int. Symp. Inssituon-site Bioreclam) 2: 129–142. Hinchee, R. E., Ed., Lewis, Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Milstein, O., Huttermann, A., Frund, R., and Luedemann, H. D. 1994b. Enzymic co-polymerization of lignin with low-molecular mass compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40(5): 760–767.
  • Min T. J. and Park, H. L. 1991. Studies on the adenosine triphosphatase of mushroom. II. Effects of metal ions and anions of purified F1-ATPase of Lentinus edodes (Berk) Sing. Hanguk Kyunhakhoechi 19(3): 220–225.
  • Min T. J. and Bae, K. G. 1992. Purification and characterization of isozyme of aminotransferase in mushroom II. Purification and characterization of branched chain amino acid, amino transferase (enzyme II) in the Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Han’guk Saenghwa Hakhoechi 25(6): 520–528.
  • Min T. J., Cho, S. W., and Park, S. S. 1987a. Studies on the development of photoreceptor in the nonchromatophore organisms. I. Light-induced mitochondrial ATP-ase in Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 15(4): 217–223.
  • Min T. J., Chang, H. B., and Choi, W. K. 1988. Synthesis of resin derivaties and purification of protein. Synthesis of benzoyl-AH Sepharose 48 and purification of protein from Pleurotus cornucopiae (mushroom). I Ian’guk Kyunhakhoechi 16(3): 121–127.
  • Min T. J., Cho, S. W., KIm, Y. S., Kim, J. W., and Mheen, T. I. 1987b. Studies on the development of photoreceptor in the nonchromatophore organisms. II. Effects of organic compound and metal ion influx on light-induced mitochondrial ATP ase in the Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Han’guk Kyunhakhoechi 15(4): 224–230.
  • Miranda, M., Amicarelli, F., Ragnelli, A. M., Poma, A., and Arcad 1989. Effect of cholesterol on the DUPA oxidase of liposome-integrated mushroom tyrosinase. Colloids Surf. 35(2–4): 353–358.
  • Mirjana, H., Dragika, J., Jelena, M., and Ljiljana, P. 1988. A heteroglycan from Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 53(4): 225–228.
  • Misaki, A. and Sone, Y. 1987. Preparation of glycoprotein complexes from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 62 19530 (87 19530) (IPC A61K–035/84), 28 Jan. 1987, Appl. 85/158074, 19 July 1985, 7 pp.
  • Misaki, A., Matsui, M., and Hamada, S. 1991. Chemical characterisation and antitumor activities of the polysaccharide components of Simeji mushrooms (Pleurotus species). Osaka-Shiritsus Daigaku Seikatsugakubu Kivo 39: 1–8.
  • Mislira, C. and Leatham, G. F. 1990. Recovery and fractionation of the extracellular degradative enzymes from Lentinus edodes cultures cultivated in a solid lignocellulosic substrate. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 69(1): 8–15.
  • Mislira, C., Forrester, I. T., Keiley, B. D., Burgess, R. R. and Leatham, G. F. 1990. Characterization of a major xylanase purified from Lentinula edodes cultures grown on a commercial solid lignocellulosic substrate. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33(2): 226–232.
  • Misra, H. P. and Fridovich, 1972. The generation of superoxide radical during the auto oxdiation of hemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 6960–6962.
  • Mizuno, T. 1989. Iminunostimulative and cytotoxic antitumor substances from mushroom fungi. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 63(4): 862–865.
  • Mizuno, T. 1995. Bioactive biomolecules of mushrooms: Food function and medicinal effect of mushroom fungi. Food Reviews International 11(1): 7–21.
  • Mizuno, T., Kawagishi, H., Ito H., and Shimura, K. 1987. Antitumor polysaccharides XII. Iminunostimulative antitumor effects of β-d-glucans and chitin substances isolated from some medicinal mushrooms. Shizuoka Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 38: 29–35.
  • Mizuno, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K., Kawada, M., Kawagishi, H., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1987. Antitumor nucleic acid components from Agaricus mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 01 66127 (89 66127) (IPC A61K–037/02 13 Mar. 1989, Appl. 87/221846, 7 Sept. 1987, 4 pp.
  • Mizuno, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K, Kawada, M. Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1989a. Antitumor neutral polysaccharide from mushrooms. Jpn. Kokai Tpkkyo Koho. JP 091 67195 (89 67195) (IPC C12P–019/04) 13 Mar. 1989, Appl. 87/221848, 7 Sept. 1987, 4 pp.
  • Mizuno, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K., Kawade, M., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1989b. Antitumor acidic polysaccharide from mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. Jp 01 67194 (89 67194) (IPC C12p–019704) 13 Marc 1989, Appl. 87/221847, 7 Sept. 1987, 4 pp.
  • Mizuno, T., Kawagishi, H., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1989c. Antitumor ergosterol derivative from a mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. Jp 0124629 (89246299) (IPC CO 7J–099/00), 2 Oct. 1989, Appl. 88/71879, 28 Mar. 1988, 3 pp.
  • Mizuno, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumitani, T., Kawagishi, H., Hagiwara, T., and Nakamura, T. 1990a. Antitumor glyco-proteins from mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 02 78630 (90 78630) (IPC A61K–037/02), 19 Mar. 1990, Appl. 88/228848, 14 Sept. 1988, 4 pp.
  • Mizuno, T., Inagaki, K, Kanao, T., Hagiwara, T., Nakamura, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumiya, T., and Asakura, A. 1990b. Studies on the host-mediated antitumor polysaccharides part XIV. Antitumor activity and some properties of water-insoluble hetero-glycans from Himematsutake, the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei. Murill. Agric. Bio. Chem. 54(11): 2897–2905.
  • Mizuno, T., Ando, M., Sugie, R., Ito, H., Shimura, K, Sumiya, T., and Matsura, A. 1991. Host-mediated antitumor polysaccharides. XVI. Antitumor activity of some polysaccharides isolated from an edible mushroom “ningyotake”, the fruit body and the cultured mycelium broth of Polyporus confluens. Shizuoka Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 41: 25–33.
  • Moen, M. A. and Hammel, K. E. 1994. Lipid peroxidation by the manganese peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the basis for phenantlirene oxidationby the intact fungus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1956–1961.
  • Moore, B. M. and Flurkey, W. H. 1989. Tyrosinase activities and isoenzymes in three strains of mushrooms. J. Food Sci. 54(5): 1377–1378.
  • Moore, B. M., Kang, B., and Flurkey, W. H. 1988. Histochemical and immunochemical localization of tyrosinase in whole tissue sections of mushrooms. Phytochemistry 27(12): 3735–3737.
  • Moore, N. L., Marian, D. H. Williams, A. L., and Dashek, W. A. 1989. Substrate specificity de novo synthesis and partial purification of Polyphenol oxidase derived from the wood-decay fungus, Coriolus versicolor. J. Ind. Microbiol. 4(5): 349–363.
  • Morgan, P., Lewis, S. T., and Watkinson R. J. 1991. Comparison of abilities of white-rot fungi to mineralise selected xenobiotic compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34: 693–696.
  • Monta, Y., Yamashita, H., Mikami, B., Iwamoto, H., Albara, S., Terada, M., and Minami, J. 1988. Purification, crystallization and characterization of peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 103(4): 693–699.
  • Morohoshi, N. 1991. Laccases of the ligninolytic fungus Coriolus versicolor. In: Enzyme in Biomass Conversion. pp. 207–224. Leatham, G. F. and Himmel, M. E., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
  • Morohoshi, N., and Haraguchi, T. 1987a. Degradation of lignin by extracellular enzymes of Coriolus versicolor. IX. Tokyo Noko Daigaku Nogakubu Enshurin Hokoku 22: 57–61.
  • Morohoshi, N. and Haraguchi, T. 1987b. Degradation of lignin by the extracellular enzymes of Coriolus versicolor. III. Degradation of various substrates by the phenol oxidase fraction. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33(2): 143–150.
  • Morohoshi, N. and Haraguchi, T. 1987c. Degradation of lignin by the extracellular enzymes of Coriolus versicolor. VI. Degradation of syringyl glycerol-β-syringyl ether by laccase III-C purified from laccase III by isoelectric focusing. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33(6): 495–502.
  • Morohoshi, N., Douguchi, N., and Haraguchi, T. 1988a. Degradation of lignin by extracellular enzymes. Tokyo Noko Daigaku Nogakubu Enshurin Hokoku 25:47–52.
  • Morohoshi, N., Honda, S., and Haraguchi T. 1988b. Degradation of lignin by extracellular enzymes. Tokyo Noko Daigaku Nogakubu Enshurin Hokoku 25:53–59.
  • Morohoshi, N., Fujita, K., Wariishi, H., and Haraguchi, T. 1987. Degradation of lignin by the extracellular enzymes of Coriolus versiocolor. V. Degradation of isolated lignin fractions by laccases I, II and III. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33(4): 310–315.
  • Morohoshi, N., Shibuya, Y., Murayama, A., Katayama, Y., and Haraguchi, T. 1989. Properties of the phenoloxidases secreted by Coriolus versicolor on wood-meal medium. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 35(4): 342–347.
  • Morohoshi, N., Tamura, R., Katayama, Y., and Mirimoto, M. 1990. Properties of phenol oxidases secreted by Coriolus versicolor. Tokyo Noko Daigaku Nogakubu Enshurin Hokoku 21: 47–56.
  • Morton, N., Hammond, J. B. W., and Dikerson, A. G. 1985. The Agaricus bisporus manitol pathway during sporophore growth. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85: 671–675.
  • Muheim, A., Waldner, R., Leisola, M. S. A., and Fiechter, A. 1990a. An extracellular aryl-alcohol oxidase from the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera adusta. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 12: 204–209.
  • Muheim, A., Leisola, M. S. A., and Schoemaker, H. E. 1990b. Arylalcohol oxidase and lignin peroxidase from the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera adusta. J. Biotechnol. 13(2–3): 159–167.
  • Mukheijee, K. and Sengupta, S. 1987. Purification and properties of a nonspecific β-fructofuranosidase (inulinase) from the mushroom Panaeolus papillon ace us. Can. J. Microbiol. 33(6): 520–524.
  • Muraleedharan T. R., Leela Iyengar, and Venkobachar, C. 1995. Screening of tropical wood rotting mushrooms for copper biosorption. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61(9): 3507–3508.
  • Muralikrishna, C. and Renganathan V. 1993. Peroxidase-catalysed desulfonation of 3,5-dimethyl-4–hydroxy and 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197: 798–804.
  • Murata, S., Kondo, R., Sakai, K, Kashino, Y., Nishida, T., and Takahara, Y. 1992. Chlorine-free bleaching process of kraft pulp with the fungus IZU–154. TAPPI J. 75: 91–94.
  • Murao, S., Oda, K., Tsuji, M., and Terashita, T. 1986. Carboxyl proteinase essential for maturation of basidiospores of Lentinus edodes (shiitake). Agric. Biol. Che. 50(12): 3225–3226.
  • Myers, G. C., Leatham, G. F., Wegner, T. H., and Blanchette R. A. 1988. Fungal pre-treatment of aspen chips improves strength of refiner mechanical pulp. TAPPI J. 71: 105–108.
  • Nagata, Y., Fukumori, F., Sakai, H., Hagiwara, T., Hiratsuka, Y., Kochibe, N., and Kobtata, A. 1991. Crystallization and characterization of a lectin obtained from a mushroom, Aleuria aurantia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1076(2): 187–190.
  • Nair, N. G., Holley, M. P., Song, C. H., and Cho, K. Y. 1990. Lipid metabolism of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Ann. Appl. Biol. 116(3): 455–462.
  • Nakamura, M., Morohoshi, N., Haraguchi, T. 1989. Degradation of protoligninby Coriolus versicolor crude enzyme. Tokyo Noko Daigaku Nogakubu Enshurin Hokoku 26: 79–84.
  • Nakanishi, T. and Machida, Y. 1987. Microbial glucose-specific pyranose oxidase, its production by fermentation, and its use in enzymic determination of glucose. U.S. 4636464 (Cl. 435–14) (IPC C12Q–001/54), 13 Jan. 1987, Appl. U.S. 474310, 11 Mar. 1983, 9 pp.
  • Nakano, H., Hara, M., Kawamoto, I., Ando, K., Mirimoto, M., and Ashizawa, T. 1987. Preparation of DC 1043A and DC 1043B as antitumor agents. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Kobo. JP 62234040 (87234040) (IPC C07C–049/737), 14 Oct. 1987. Appl. 86/76297, 2 April 1986, 5 pp.
  • Nanba, H. 1995. Activity of Maitake D. fraction to inhibit carcinogenesis and metastasis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 768: 243–245.
  • Nanba, H. and Otsuka, M. 1992. Manufacture of antihypertensive phospholipid-like substance containing no hydrogen. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP, 0474, 131 (92 74, 131) (Cl. A61K–35/84) 09 Mar. 1992. 90/185, 246, 16 July 1990: 3pp.
  • Nanba, H., Hamaguchi, A., and Kuroda, H. 1987. The chemical structure of an anti tumor polysaccharide in fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35(3): 1162–1168.
  • Nappi, A. J. and Vass, E. 1994. Chromatographic analysis of the effects of glutathione, cysteine and ascorbic acid on the monophenol and diphenol oxidase activities of tyrosinase. J. Lig. Chromatogr. 17(4): 793–815.
  • Natori, S. 1987. Mushroom hydrazines. Bioact. Mol. 2: 127–147.
  • Nerud, F., Zouchova, Z., and Misurcovaz, Z. 1991. Ligninolytic properties of different white-rot fungi. Biotechnol. Lett. 13: 657–660.
  • Newsted, W. J. and Huner, N. P. A. 1987. Major polypeptides associated with differentiation in psychrophilic fungi. Can. J. Bot. 65(2): 233–241.
  • Newsted, W. J. and Huner, N. P. A. 1988. Major sclerotial polypeptides of psychrophillic fungi: temperature regulation of in vivo synthesis in vegetative hyphae. Can J. Bot. 6(9): 1755–1761.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Palcic, M. M., and Hazdziyev, D. 1988. Enzymic formation of nucleotides and the flavour enhancer 51-GMP during vegetable processing. Bioflavour ‘87, Proc. Int. Conf., Meeting Date 1987. Pub. 1988, 275–286. Schreler, P., Ed., de Gruyter, Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.
  • Nigam, P. and Prabhu, K. A. 1988. Thermal activation and stability of cellulases derived from two basidiomycetes. Biotechnol. Lett. 19(12): 919–920.
  • Nigam, P., Pandey, A., and Prabhu, K. A. 1987 Ligninolytic activity of two basidiomycetes cultures in the decomposition of bagasse. Biol. Wastes 21(1): 1–10.
  • Niku-Paavola, M. L., Karhumen E., Salola, P., and Raunio, V. 1988. Ligninolytic enzymes of the white-rot fungus, Phlebia radiata. Biochem. J. 254: 877–884.
  • Nishida, A., Ishihara, T., and Hiroi, T. 1987. Studies on enzymes related to lignin biodegradation. Baiomasu Henkan Kei.
  • Nishida, T., Kashino, Y., Mimura, A., and Takahara, Y. 1988. Lignin biodegradation by wood rotting fungi. I. Screening of lignin degrading fungi. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 34: 530–536.
  • Nishida, T., Kashino, Y., Nakayama, T., Mimura, A., and Taahara, y. 1989. Lignin biodegradation by wood rotting fungi. R & D, Res. Dev. (Kobe Steel Ltd.) 39(4): 97–100.
  • Niu, Z., Du, X., Zhou, G., and Li, Z. 1986a. Action of intra-cellular polysaccharide of Polystictus versicolor on reticular endothelial system (RES) function — the influence on endotoxin clearance. Kangshengsu 11(5): 382–385.
  • Niu, Z., Du, X., Zhou, G., and Li, Z. 1986a. Action of intra-cellular polysaccharide of Polvstictus versicolor on reticular endothelial system (RES) function — the influence on endotoxin clearance. Kangshengsu 11(5): 382–385.
  • Niu, Z., Jia, S., Yang, S., and Li, Z. 1986b. Action of intra-cellular polysaccharide of Polvstictus versicolor on reticular endothelial system (RES) function: action on the experimental acute liver damage. Kangshengsu 11(5): 386–389.
  • Niwa, Y. 1992a. Clinical trial of SOD preparation. The 1992 Annual meeting and International symposium of the Korean Society of Toxicology on Oxygen Free Radicals in Aging, Clinical Disorder, and Drug Development (Nov. 1992) pp. 93–101.
  • Niwa, Y. 1992b. The Food Ind. 35: 42–56.
  • Noe, P., Chevatier, J., Mora, F., and Comtat, J. 1986. Action of xylanases on chemical pulp fibers. II. Enzymatic Beating. Wood Chem. Technol. 6:167–184’
  • Nomura, H., Inokuchi, N., Kobayashi, H., Koyama, T., Hideyuku, I., Norio, K., and Irio, M. 1994. Purification and primary structure of a new guanylic acid specific ribo-nuclease from Pleurotus ostreatus. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 116(1): 26–33.
  • Numata, K. 1988. Vinegar-containing health drink. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jpn 6368069 (88 68069) (IPC C 12J–001/00). 26 Mar. 1988, Appl. 86/21 1993, 9 Sept. 1986, 5 pp.
  • Ofenbeher-Miletic, I. Stanimirovic, D., and Stanirnirovic, S. 1984. On determination of chtin content in mushrooms. Oual. Plant. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 34: 197–201.
  • Ogawa, T., Uka, Y., and Sasaoka, K. 1987. Aminoacid profiles of common cultivated mushrooms including the identification of N-(N-gamma-l-glutamyl-3 sulfo-l-alanyl) glycine in Flammulina velutipes. J. Food Sci. 52(1): 135–137.
  • Ohga, S. 1988. Biotechnological studies of edible mushroom cultivation. VII. Stimulation of the growth of Lentinus edodes by hot water extracts of Allium fistulosum and nucleic acid-related compounds found in the extracts. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 34(9): 745–752.
  • Ohnishi, Y., Kinouchi, T., Tsutsul, H., Uejima, M., and Nishifuji, K. 1985. Mutagenic nitropyrenes in foods. Proc. Int. Symp. 107–118. Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res. Fund. Volume Date 1985. Pub. 1986. 16th (Diet, Nutr., Cancer).
  • Ohnishi, M., Kawase, S., Kondo, Y., Fujino, Y., and Ito, S. 1996. Identification of major cerbroside species in seven edible mushrooms. J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc. 45(1): 51–56.
  • Ohno, N., Ohsawa, M., Sato, K. S., and Yadomae, T. 1987. Conformation assessed by carbon-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic reasonance spectroscopy. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35(6): 2585–2588.
  • Ohta, A., Shimada, M., Hattori, T., Higuchi, T., and Takahashi, M. 1990. Production of secondary metabolites including a new metabolite p-methoxyphenyl propanol by the brown-rot fungus Lentinus lepideus. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 36(3): 225–231.
  • Oikawa, S., Sato, Y., Yadomae, T., Ono, N., Osawa, M., and Suzuki Y. 1987. Antitumor Grifolan-N and its production by Grifola frondosa tokachiana. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo. Koho. JP 62209091 (87209091) (IPC C07G–017/00), 14 Sept. 1987, Appl. 86/50993, 8 Mar. 1986, 7 pp.
  • Okamoto, K., Shimada, A., Shiral, R., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y., Sakai, T., and Kawagishi, H. 1993. Antimicrobial chlorinated orcinol derivatives from mycelia of Hericinum erinaceum. Phytochemistry 34: 1445–1446.
  • Okeke, B. C., Paterson, A., Smith, J. E., and Watson-Craik, I. A. 1994. The relationship between phenol oxidase activity soluble protein and ergosterol with growth of Lentinus species in oak sawdust logs. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 41(1): 28–31.
  • Okuda, Y., Sano, T., Kato, K, Inagaki, T., Teranishi, T., Yamauchi, R., and Ueno, Y. 1987. Polysaccharides from fruiting body of Grifola frondosa. Seito Gijutsu Kenkyu Kaishi 35: 81–86.
  • Okui, T. and Kobayashi, S. 1990. Radioactive cesium in several kinds of mushroom. Hokkaidoritsu Eisel Kenkyushoho 40: 97–99.
  • Ollikka, P., Alhonrnaki, K., Leppanen, V. M., Glumoff, T., Raijola, T., and Suominen, I. 1993. Decolorizationof azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dyes by lignin peroxidase isoenzymes from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 4010–4016.
  • Olsen, W. L., Gallagher, H. P., Burris, A. K., Bhatachijee, S. S., Slocomb, J. P., and Dewitt, D. M., December, 1989. Canadian Patent Application 2,019,411.
  • Oriaran, T. P., Labosky, P., Jr., and Royse, D. J. 1989. Lignin degradation capabilities of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Wood Fiber Sci. 21(2): 183–192.
  • Ortega, G. M., Martinez, E. O., Betancourt, D., Gonzalez, A. E., and Otero, M. A. 1992. Bioconversion of sugarcane crop residues with white-rot fungi, Pleurotus sp. World J. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 8(4): 402–405.
  • Oser, B. L. 1959. An integrated essential amino acid index for predicting the biological value of proteins. In: Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition 281. Albanese, A. A., Ed., Academic Press, New York.
  • Otjen L., Blanchette, R., Effland, M., and Leatham, G. 1987. Assessment of 30 white-rot basidiomycetes for selective lignin degradation. Holzforschimg 41(6): 343–349.
  • Otjen K. Blanchette, R. A., and Leatham, G. F. 1988. Lignin distribution in wood delignified by whiterot fungi: X-ray microanalysis of decayed wood treated with bromine. Holzforschung 42(5): 281–288.
  • Otsuki, K., Hayashi, Y., Kato, K., and Ikuno, H. 1991. Utilization of log remnants of shiitake mushroom culture for a feed stuff of beef cattle. Biomass Energy, 1172–1176 Ind. Environ. E. C. Conf., 6th Grassi, G., Collins A., and Zibetta, H., Eds., Elsevier, London U.K.
  • Otto, K. and Lipperheide, C. 1986. Studies on a proteinase in-activating enzyme from the basidiomycete Coprinus atramentarius cysteine proteinases their inhibition. 209–218. Proc. Int. Symp., 1st, Meeting Date 1985, Pub. 1986. Turk, V., Ed., de. Gruyter, Berlin, Fed-Rep Ger.
  • Oyazagui, Y. 1980. In: Biological and Clinical Aspect of Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase. II B. 147–153. Bannister, W. N. and Bannsiter, J. V., Eds., Elsevier North-Holland, New York.
  • Ozier-Kalogeropoulos, O. and Guilaemet, E. 1989. Self-fructification associated with genetic instability in Coprinus radiatus. Mutat. Res. 226(2): 127–132.
  • Ozolina, N., Sergeeva, V. N., and Abramovich, T. S. L. 1987. Anatomical and chemical changes in birch caused by white-rot fungi. Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis 12: 45–52.
  • Ozolina, N., Sergeeva, V. N., Khoknolko, S. V., and Abramovich, T. S. L. 1988. Changes inbirch wood lignin under the effect of the Coriolus hirsutus. Khim Drev. 4: 74–79.
  • Page, G. V., Scire, B., and Farbood, M. I. 1989. Preparation of “natural” methyl anthranilate with fungi PCT Int. APPL. Wo 89 00203 (IPC C12P–013/00), 12 Jan. 1989, Appl. U.S. 70062f, 6 July 1987, 17 pp.
  • Paice, M. G., Jurasek, L., Ho, C., Bourbonnais, R., and Archibald, F. 1989a. Direct biological bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with the fungus, Coriolus versicolor. Tappi J. 72: 217–221.
  • Paice, M. G., Archibald, F. S., Jurasek, L., Bourbonnais, R. E., and HO, K. K. 1989b. Direct biological bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with the fungus Coriolus versicolor. U.S. 4830708 (Cl. 162–72) (IPC D210–009/10). 16 May, 1989, Appl. 126994, 30 Nov. 1987, 5 pp,
  • Paice, M. G. Reid, I. D., Bourbonnais, R., Archibald, F. S., and Jurasek, L. 1993. Manganese peroxidase produced by Trametes versicolor, during pulp bleaching, demethylates and delignifies kraft pulp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 260–265.
  • Pal, M., Calvo, A. M., Terron, M. C., and Gonalez, A. E. 1995. Solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse with Flammulina velutipes and Trametes versicolor. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 541–545.
  • Pallerla, S. and Chambers, R. P. 1995. Continuous decolorization and AOX reduction of bleach plant effluents by free and immobilized Trametes versicolor. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard Subst. Control A30(2): 423–437.
  • Palmieri, G., Giardina, P., Desiderio, B. Marzullo, L., Giamberini, M., and Sannia, G. 1994. A new enzyme immobilization procedure using copper alginate gels application to a fungal phenol oxidase. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 16(2): 151–158.
  • Pandey, G., Muralikrishna, C., and Bhalerao, U. T. 1990. Mushroom tyrosinase-catalyzed synthesis of coumestans, benzofuran derivatives, and related heterocyclic compounds. Tetrahedron 45(21): 6867–6874.
  • Pandey, G., Muralikrishna, C., and Bhalerao, U. T. 1990. Mushroom tyrosinase-catalyzed coupling of hindered phenols: a novel approach for the synthesis of diphenoquinones and bisphenols. Tetrahedron 31(26): 3771–3774.
  • Papa, G., Pessione, E., Leone, V., and Giunta, G. 1994a. Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. I. Progress made in preparative methods. Int. J. Biochem. 26(2): 215–221.
  • Papa, G., Pessione, E., Polimeni, C., Leone, V., and Giunta, C. 1994b. Agaricus bisporus. tyrosinase. II. Characteriszation of hydroxylase and dehydrogenase activities. Int. J. Biochem. 26(2): 223–228.
  • Papaparaskeva, C., Ioannides, C., and Walker, R. 1991. Agaritine does not mediate the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom.. Igaricus bisporus. Mutagenesis 6(3): 213–217.
  • Park, S. S., and Min, T. J. 1991. Studies on the photoreceptor of the light-induced mitochondrial ATP ase in Lentinus edodes. Effects of FAD and NADH on light activation of the mitochondrial ATPase. Han’guk Saengnwa Hakhoechi 24(1): 26–34.
  • Pasetti, L., Galli, E.. Tomati, U., Capitini, D.. and Segre, A. L. 1995 H’NMR determination of soluble lignin fractions from lignocellulose materials by different strains of mushrooms. Mushroom Sci. 14: 257–265.
  • Pasti-Grigsby, M. B., Paszczynski, A., Goszclizynski, S. Crawford, D. L., and Crawford, R. L. 1994a. Biodegradation of novel azo dyes. In: Applied Biotechnology for Site Remediation. pp. 384–390. Hinchee, R. E., Anderson, D. B., Meeting, F. B., and Sayels, G. D., Jr., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Pasti-Grigsby, M. B., Paszczynski, A., Goszclizynski, S. Crawford, D. L., and Crawford, R. L. 1994b. Use in assaying Phanerochaete chrysosporium Mn (II)-peroxidase and ligninase. Proc. Inst. Mol. Agric. Gen. Eng. (IMAGE) 1: 1–12.
  • Paszczynski, A. and Crawford, R. L. 1991a. Designing biodegradability: Lessons from lignin. Abstr. Int. Symp. on Appl. Biotechnol., Tree Culture, Protection, and Utilization. Columbus, OH, 73–78.
  • Paszczynski, A. and Crawford, R. L. 1991b. Degradation of azocompounds by ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium involvement of veratryl alcohol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178: 1056–1063.
  • Paszczynski, A. and Crawford, R. L. 1995. Potential for bioremediation of xenobiotic compounds by the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178: 1056–1063.
  • Paszczynski, A., Huynh, V. B., and Crawford, R. 1985. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 29: 37–41.
  • Paszczynski, A., Pasti, Grisby M. B., Goszczynski, S., Crawford, D. L., and Crawford, R. L. 1991c. New approach to improve degradation of recalcitrant azo dyes by Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13: 378–384.
  • Pecora, R. P. 1989. Technical note: determination of protein in edible mushroom (Boletus species). Int. J. Food. Sci. TechnolB. 24(2): 207–210.
  • Penn, C. A. 1976. A brief outline of straw production, utilization and disposal in England and Wales. Mushroom J. 37: 13.
  • Perez, J. and Jeffries, T. W. 1990. Mineralization of C-ring-labelled synthetic lignin correlates with the production of lignin peroxidase, not of manganese peroxidase, or laccase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1806–1812.
  • Perez, J. and Jeffries, T. W. 1992. Roles of manganese and organic acid chelators in regulating lignin degradation and biosynthesis of peroxidases by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2402–2409.
  • Perie, F. H. and Gold, M. H. 1991. Manganese regulation of manganese peroxidase expression and lignin degradation by the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 2240–2245.
  • Peterson J. F. W., Kadziola, A., and Larsen, S. 1994. Three dimensional structure of a recombinant peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus at 2.6 ANG resolution. FEBS Lett.
  • Pfyffer, G. E. and Rast, D. M. 1980. The polyol pattern of some fungi not hitherto investigated for sugar alcohols. Exp. Mycol. 4: 160–165.
  • Pfefferle, W. and Anke, H. 1989. A stable chitin synthase preparation from mycelia of Coprinus cinereus useful for the search of inhibitors. DECHEMA Biotechnol., Conf. 3 (pt. A., Jt., Meet. SIM DECHEMA presentation Bio-chem. Lab., Microb. Princ. Bioprocesses, Appl. Genet.), 175–178.
  • Pfefferle, W., Anke, H., Bross, M., and Steglich, W. 1990. Inhibition of solubilized chitin synthase by chlorinated aromatic compounds isolated from mushroom cultures. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54(6): 1381–1384.
  • Phillips, T., Labosky, P., and Royse, D. J. 1989. Lignin degradation capabilities of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Wood Res. 21(2): 183–192.
  • Phillips, R. S., Fletcher, J. G., Von Tersch R. L., and Kirk, K. L. 1990. Oxygenation of fluorinated tyrosinase by mushroom tyrosinase releases fluoride ion. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 276(1): 65–69.
  • Pickert, H. and Kreuter, T. 1990. Microbial enzymes for detoxification of phenolic xenobiotics. TECHEMA Biotechnol. Conf. 4 (pt. A, Lect. DECHEMA Annu. Meet. Biotechnol., 8th, 1990, 601–604.
  • Piontek, K., Gulumoff, T., and Winterhalter, K. 1993. Low pH crystal structure of glycosylated lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 2.5 AO reolution. FEBS Lett. 315: 119–124.
  • Plassard, C. S., Mousain D. G., and Alsac, L. E. 1982. Estimation of mycelial growth of basidiomycetes by means of chitin determination. Phytochemistry 21: 345–348.
  • Platt, M. W., Hadar, Y., and Chet. I. 1985. The decolorization of the polymeric dye poly-blue (polyvinylamine sulfonate anthroquione) by lignin degrading fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 21: 394–396.
  • Popp, J. L., Kalyanaraman, B., and Kirk, T. K. 1990. Lignin peroxidase oxidation of M2+ in the presence of veratryl alcohol, malonic or oxalic acid, and oxygen. Biochemistry 29: 10475–10481.
  • Poulos, T. L., Edwards, S. L., Wariishi, H., and Gold, M. H. 1993. Crystallographic refinement of lignin peroxidase at 2 AO. J. Bak. Chem. 268: 12274–12281.
  • Prast, H. and Pfaller, W. 1988. Toxic properties of the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus (Fries) II. Impairment of renal function in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 62(1): 89–96.
  • Procida, G. And Pertoldi, M. G. 1995. Trace elements in cultivated and wild edible mushrooms. Rivista di Scienza dell’ Alimentazione 24(4): 535–542.
  • Pshezhetskii, A. V., Klyachko, N. L., Levashov, A. V., Bushueva, M. V., and Martinek, K. 1987. Regulation of laccase activity in the surfactant-waterorganic solvent system modelling lipid polymorphism of biomembranes. Biol. Membr. 4(11): 1209–1215.
  • Puls, J., Schmidt, O., and Granzow, C. 1987. Alphaglucuronidase in two microbial xylanolytic systems. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 9(2): 83–88.
  • Purkayastha, R. P., Mitra, A. K, and Bhattacharyya, B. 1994. Uptake and toxicological effects of some heavy metals on Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 27(1): 7–13.
  • Purwatl, S. 1985. The utilization offungi for the decolorization of pulp and paper industry waste water. Berita Selulosa 21(1): 18–25.
  • Pyne, Jr. J. W., Stewart, D. L., Fredrickson, J., and Wilson, B. W. 1987. Solubilization of leonardite by an extracellular fraction from Coriolus versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53(12): 2844–2848.
  • Pyne, J. W. Stewart, D. L. Linehan, J. C., and Bean, R. M. 1988. Enzymic degradation of low-rank coals by a cell-free enzymic system from Coriolus versicolor. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 1(3–4): 185–195.
  • Pyysalo, H. 1976. Identification of volatile compounds in seven edible fresh mushrooms. Acta. Chem. Scand. Ser. B 30: 235–242.
  • Ragunathan, R., Guruswamy, R. A., Palaniswamy M., and Swaminathan, K. 1996. Cultivation of Pleurotus spp. on various agroresidues. Food Chem. 55(2): 139–144.
  • Rajarathnam, S. 1981. Studies on pathological and biochemical aspects during cultivation and storage of the white oyster mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Mysore.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Zakia Bano, and Muthu, M. 1977. Studies on the control of Sclerotium rolfsii, Sacc. contamination during the cultivation of Pleurotus flabellatus (Berk. and Br.) Sacc., efficacy of methyl bromide. The Mushroom Journal 57: 294–298.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Wankhede, D. B., and Patwardhan, M. V. 1979a. Some chemical and biochemical changes in straw constituents during the growth of Pleurotus flabellatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioteclmol. 8: 125–134.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Singh N. S., and Zakia Bano. 1979b. Efficacy of carboxin and heat treatment for controlling the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii during culture of the mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus. Ann. Appl. Biol. 92: 323–3.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Zakia Bano, and Singh, N. S. 1983. Efficacy of formaldehyde and liquor ammonia for controlling the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii during cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus. Mushroom Newsletter for the Tropics 3(4): 3–10.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Zakia Bano, and Narasimham, P. 1984. In vitro evaluation of some fungicides to control Sclerotium rolfsii contamination during cultivaton of the mushroom, Pleurotus flabellatus (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. Mushroom Newsletter for the Tropics 5(2): 7–11.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Zakia Bano and Patwardhan, M. V. 1986. Nutrition of the mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus during its growth on paddy straw subtrate. J. Hort. Sci. 61(2): 223–232.
  • Rajarathnam, S. and Zakia Bano, 1987. Pleurotus mushrooms. Part IA. Morphology, life cycle, taxonomy, breeding and cultivation. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 26(2): 157–223.
  • Rajarathnam, S. and Zakia Bano, 1988. Pleurotus mushrooms. Part I. B. Pathology, In vitro and in vivo growth requirements, and world status. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 26(3): 243–311.
  • Rajarathnam, S. and Zakia Bano, 1989. Pleurotus mushrooms. Part III. Biotransfonnations of natural lignocellulosic wastes. Commercial applications and implications. CRC Critic. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 28(1): 31–113.
  • Rajarathnam. S. and Zakia Bano, 1991. Biological utilization of edible fruiting fungi. In: Handbook of Applied Mycology: Foods and Feeds 3: 241–292. Arora, D. K., Mukeiji, K. G., and Marth, E. H., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Wankhede, D. B., and Zakia Bano, 1987b. Biotechnological implications of degradation of rice straw degraded by Pleurotus flabellatus. J. Chem. Tech. Biotech. 37: 203–214.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Shashirekha, M. N., and Zakia Bano. 1996. Inhibition of growth of Pleurotus flabellatus (Berk.& Br.) Sacc. on rice straw by Sclerotium rolfsii. Sci. Hort. 51: 295–302.
  • Rajarathnam, S., Zakia Bano, Berger, R. G., and Drawert, F. 1990. Growth substrate amendment effects on the flavour composition of Pleurotus flabellatus fruit bodies. Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm. 12(5): 145–150.
  • Ralph, J. P., Graham, L. A., and Catcheside, D. E. A. 1996. Extracellular oxidases and the transformation of solubilized low-rank coal by wood rot fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 226–232.
  • Raper, C. A. 1978. Sexuality and Breeding. In: The Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms. pp. 83–118. Chang, S. T. and Hayes, W. A., Eds., Academic Press, New York.
  • Rapior, S., Cavalie, S., Croze, P., Andary, C., Pelissier, Y., and Bessiere, J. M. 1996a. Volatile components of ten frozen mushrooms (Basidiomycetes). J. Essent. Oil Res. 8(1): 63–66.
  • Rapior, S., Cavalie, S., Andary, C., Pelissier, Y., Marion, C., and Bessiere, J. M. 1996b. Investigation of some volatile components of seven fresh wild mushrooms (Basidiomycetes). J. Essent. Oil. Res. 8(2): 199–201.
  • Rappe, C., Sawnson S., Glas, B., Kringstad, K. P., Sousa, F. D., Johnsson, L., and Abe, Z. 1989. On the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the bleaching of pulp. Pulp Pap. Can. 90: T273-T278.
  • Rast, D. 1965. The significance of mannitol and trehalose in Agaricus bisporus for the physiology of metabolism. A gas chromatographic study. Plants 64(1): 81–93.
  • Ratcliffe, B., Flurkey, W. F., Kuglin, J., and Dawley, R. 1994. Tyrosinase, laccase and peroxidase in mushrooms (Agaricus crimini) oyster, and shiitake. J. Food Sci. 59(4): 825–827.
  • Reid, I. D. and Paice, M. G. 1994a. Effect on residual lignin type and amount on bleaching of kraft pulp by Trametes versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(5): 1395–1400.
  • Reid, I. D. and Paice, M. G. 1994b. Biological bleaching of kraft pulps by white-rot fungi and their enzymes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 13(2–3): 369–375.
  • Reinhammar, B. 1972. Degradation mechanism of phenolic B-l lignin substructure model compounds by laccase of Coriolus versicolor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 275: 245–259.
  • Reinhammar, B. 1984. Laccase. In: Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes. 3: 1–35. Lontie, R., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Ren, H., Sun, H., and Qlan, X. 1990. Contents of five trace elements in polysaccharide-peptide (PSP) of Coriolus versicolor. Ziran. Zazhi. 13(4): 255–256.
  • Richard, J. M. and Ulrich, J. 1989. Mass spectrometry of orellanine, a mushroom toxin, and of related bipyridine-N-o-oxides. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 18(1): 1–4.
  • Richard, J. M., Ravianel, P., and Cantin, D. 1987. Phytotoxicity of orellanine, a mushroom toxin. Toxicon 25(3): 350–354.
  • Richard, J. M., Talliandler, G., Ramos, M. N. Gladino, S. L., and Pitta, I. D. 1990. QSAR analysis of series of pyridines related to the mushroom toxin orellanine; comparison of the results obtained with physico-chemical, sterical and quantal parameters. Pharmazie 45(10): 771–774.
  • Rieble, S., Joshi, D. K., and Gold, M. H. 1994. Purification and characterization of a 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene 1,2-dioxygenase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J. Bacteriol. 176: 4838–4844.
  • Rieck, W. and Platt, D. 1988. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of α-amanitin and phalloidin in human plasma using the column switching technique and its application in suspected cases of poisoning by the green species of Amanita mushroom (Amanita phallodies). J. Chromatogr. 425: 121–134.
  • Rivas, G. A. and Solis, V. M. 1994. Electrochemical quantification of phenol using mushroom tyrosinase: determination of the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. Electroanalvsis (N. Y.) 6(11/12): 1136–1140.
  • Rodriguez-Lopez, J. N., Escribano, J., and Garcia-Canovas, F. 1994. A continuous spectrophotometric method for the determination of monophenolase activity of tyrosinase using 3-methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrozone. Anal. Biochem. 216(1): 205–212.
  • Rogalski, J., Dawidowicz, A. L., and Leonowicz, A. 1990. Purification and immobilization of the inducible form of extracellular laccase of the fungus Trametes versicolor. Acta Biotechnol. 10(3): 261–269.
  • Rolz, C., De Leon R., and De Arriola, M. C. 1988. Biological pretreatment of coffee pulp. Biol. Wastes 26(2): 97–114.
  • Rolz, C., Leon, R., De Arriola, M. O., and De Cabrera, S. 1987. White-rot fungal growth on sugarcane lignocellulosic residue. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25(6): 535–541.
  • Romanovets, Y. S., Kapich, A. N., Denosova, N. P. and Psurtseva, N. V. 1990. Submerged cultivation of higher basidiomycete of the Coprinus genus producing fibrinolytic enzyme. Biotekhnologiya 6: 41–43.
  • Ros, J. R., Rodriguez-Lopez, J. N., Varon, R., and Garcia-Canovas, F. 1994a. Kinetics study of the oxidation of 4-tert-butylphenolby tyrosinase. Eur. J. Biochem. 222(2): 449–452.
  • Ros, J. R., Rodriguez, J. N., and Garcia-Canovas, F. 1994b. Tyrosinase kinetic analysis of the transient phase and the steady state. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1204(1): 33–42.
  • Rossi, J., Clementi, F., Gobbetti, M., and Rlbaldi, M. 1988. Fungal protein production from citrus waste solid substrates. Biotechnol. Food Ind. 545–555. Proc. Int. Symp. Meeting Date 1987, Pub. 1988, Holfo, J. and Torley, D., Eds., Akad, Kladom Budapest, Hung.
  • Rovel, B. and Metche, M. 1986. Inhibition of ligninolytic activity in the white mushroom (Phenerochaete chrysosporium) by copper. Bull. Liaison Grope Polyphenols 13: 332–334.
  • Roy, S. K. and Samajpati, N. 1988. Free amino acid composition in the cell pool of three Indian edible mushrooms. Sci. Cult. 54(4): 135–136.
  • Roy, B. P., Paice, M. G., Archibald, F. S., Misra, S. K, and Misiak, L. E. 1994. Creation of metal-complexing agents, reduction of manganese dioxide, and promotion of manganese peroxidase-mediated Mn (III) production by cellobiose: quinone oxidoreductase from Trametes versicolor. J. Biol. Chem. 269(31): 19745–19750.
  • Roy-Arcand, L. and Archibald, F. S. 1991. Direct dechlorination of Ch; brophenolic compounds by laccases from Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13(3): 194–203.
  • Roy-Arcand, L., Archibald, F. S. and Brlere, F. 1991. Comparison and combination of ozone and fungal treatments of a kraft bleachery effluent. Tappi J. 74(9): 211–218.
  • Royer, G., Yerushaimi, L., Rouleau, D., and Destochers, M. 1991. Continuous decolorization of bleached kraft effluents by Coriolus versicolor in the form of pellets. J. Ind. Microbiol. 7(4): 269–277.
  • Ruttimann-Johnson, C., Cullen, D., and Lamar, R. T. 1994. Manganese peroxidases of the white-rot fungus Phenerochaete sorida. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(2): 599–605.
  • Ruttimann-Johnson, C., Salas, L., Vicuna, R., and Kirk, T. K. 1993. Extracellular enzyme production and synthetic lignin mineralization by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 1792–1797.
  • Ruttimann, C. E., Schwember, L., Salas, D. C., and Vicuna, R. 1992. Ligninolytic enzymes of the white-rot basidiomycetes, Phlebia brevispora and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 16: 64–76.
  • Saito, H., Tomioka, H., and Sato, K. 1988. PSK, a polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor, enhance oxygen metabolism of murine peritoneal macrophages and the host resistance to listerial infection. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134(4): 1029–1035.
  • Sakaguchi, K., Nakajima, T., Okada, T., and Iseda, H. 1990. Recovery of actinoid-series elements by sorption with fungi. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 0277535 (90 77535) (IPC Cssb–060/02), 16 Mar. 1990, Appl. 88/229073, 13 Sept. 1987, 7 pp.
  • Sannia, G., Fiardina, P., Luna, M., Rossi, M., and Buonocore, V. 1986. Laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus. Bioteclmol. Lett. 8(11): 797–800.
  • Sannia, G., Limongi, P., Cocca, E., Buonocore, F., Nitti, G., and Giardina, P. 1991. Purification and characterization of a veratryl alcohol oxidase enzyme from the lignin degrading basidiomycete, Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta 1073: 114–119.
  • Sannia, G., Cannio, R., Matrinani, L., Marzullo, L., and Giardina, P. 1994. Biotechnological uses of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus, Conf. Appl. Biocatal. Three day Symp. 43–45.
  • Sarakanen K. V. and Ludwig, C. H. 1971. Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reactions. pp. 1–18. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Sarkar, J. M., Malcolm, R. C., and Bollag, J. M. 1988. Enzymatic coupling of 2,4-dichlorophenol stream fulvic acid in the presence of oxidoreductases. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 688–694.
  • Saruno, R. 1991. Hair dyeing preparations containing melanin or other polyphenol pigments and manufacture of the pigments. Jpn. Kokai. Tokkyo Koho. JP 0377813(9177813) (IPC A6IK–007713), 3 April 1991, Appl. 89/213145, 19 Aug. 1989, 2 pp.
  • Sasaki, T. 1990. Preparations of calcium high edible mushrooms. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 02119720 (901 19720) (IPC A01G–001/04), 7 May 1990, Appl. 88/276549. 31 Oct. 1988, 2 pp.
  • Saito, R. and Matsuzaki, K. 1988. Preparation of trithiolobenzopentathiepin derivatives for promotion of fruit body formation of mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo koho Jp., 01305090 (89305090) (IPC C070–195/04) 8 Dec. 1989, Appl. 88/134416, 2 June 1988, 6 pp.
  • Sato, E., Aoyagi, Y., and Sugahara, T. 1985. Contents of free amino acids in mushrooms. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 32(7): 509–521.
  • Sato, M., Yagi, Y., Okamoto, R., and Murao, S. 1991. Preparation of mushroom flavor from Coriolus versicolor. JPN. Kokkai Tokkyo Koho. JP 0394652 (91 94652) (IPC A 23L–001/221), 19 April 1991, Appl. 89/230673, 6 Sept. 1989, 9 pp.
  • Sattar, A. K., Abdus, K. M., Yamamoto, N., Yoshimoto, T., Tadashi, T., and Tsuru, D. 1990. Purification and characterization of an extracellular prolyl endopeptidase from Agaricus bisporus. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 107(2): 256–261.
  • Savoie, J. M., Minvielle, N., and Chalaux, N. 1994. Estimation of wheat straw quality for edible mushroom production and affects of a growth regulator. Bioresour. Technol. 48(2): 149–153.
  • Savoie, J. M., Bemilkon, D., and Gourblere, F. 1990. Cellulase activities in senescent coniferous needles and in needles litter naturally colonized by various fungi. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 73(2): 175–180.
  • Sawabe, A., Morita, M., Inaba, K, Ouchi, S., and Ikamoto, T, 1996. Structural analyses of complex lipids from mushrooms by mass spectrometry. Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu 38: 373–378.
  • Sawada, T. and Endo, K. 1987. Purification and some properties of acid phosphatases from ‘Shiitake’ mushroom. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 34(12): 801–808.
  • Sawabe, A. and Okamoto, T. 1996. Mass spectrometric study of structure functional molecules in mushrooms. New Food Ind. 38(11): 45–46.
  • Schiesser, A., Fillippi, C., and Lepidi, A. A. 1989a. Ultrastructure of wheat straw cell wall delignified by Pleurotus ostreatus. FEAIS Microbiol. Lett. 61(1–2): 159–163.
  • Schiesser, A., Luna, M., Trovatellic, L., Ercoll, L., and Buria, G. 1989b. Effect of sunflower oil on growth and enzyme activities of Pleurotus ostreatus growing on straw in submerged culture. Ann. Microbiol. Enzymol. 39(pt. 2): 223–230.
  • Schildbach, R., Ritter, W., Schmithals, K., and Burbidge, M. 1992. New developments in the environmentally safe disposal of spent grains and waste kieselguhr from breweries. Proc. Conv. Inst. Brew. (Aust, N.Z. Sect.), 22nd, 139–143.
  • Schmidt, H. 1990. Quantitative determination of phenol oxidase (EC 1. 14. 18. 1) spectrophotometric measurement of the activity of mushroom and potato tyrosinase. Dermatol. Monatsschr. 176(12): 757–761.
  • Schneider, P. and Pedersen A. H. 1995. Enhancement of laccase reactions with aromatic ring-containing organic compounds and use of enzyme compositions in detergents and for water purification and bleaching. Patent: Wo9501426 A, PCT Int. Appl. 77 pp.
  • Schwetz, B. A., Norrs, J. M., Sparschu, G. L., Rowe, V. K., Gellring, P. J., Emerxon J. L., and Gebring G. C. 1973. Toxicology of chlorinated dibcnzo-p-dioxins. In: Chlorodioxins — Origin and Fate, series 120. pp. 55–69. Blair, E. H., Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
  • Scott, C. D. and Lewis, S. N. 1988. Biological solubilization of coal using both in vivo and in vitro processes. Appl Biochem. Biotechnol. 18: 403–412.
  • Sekizawa, N., Toyama, R., and Sekimura, T. 1992. Studies on manufacturing of edible mushroom. III. Changes in 51-nucleotide content in edible mushrooms during processing. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi. 39(1): 72–78.
  • Sekizawa, N., Osawa, J., Toyama, R., and Sekimura, T. 1988. Edible mushrooms. 1. Analytical method for 51-nucleotides and their contents in mushrooms. Iwate-ken Jozo Shokuhin Shiken jo Hokoku 22: 130–134.
  • Semichaevaskii, V. D. And Bisko, N. A. 1987. Activity of extracellular monophenol mono oxygenase and cellulases in different species of Pleurotus (Fr.) quel. Mikol. Fitopatol. 21(4): 339–345.
  • Senatore F. 1990. Fatty acids, free amino acids and sterols from some species of Stropharia and Stereum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18(2–3): 103–106.
  • Senatore, F. 1992. Chemical constituents of some mushrooms. J. Sci. Food Agric. 58(4): 499–503.
  • Senatore, F., Dini, A., Marino, A., and Schettino, O. 1988. Chemical constitutents of some basidiomycetes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 45(4): 337–345.
  • Senugupta, S. and Sengupta, S. 1990. Beta-glucosidase production by the mycelial culture of the mushroom, Termitomyces clypeatus. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 12(4): 309–314.
  • Senugupta, S., Ghosh, A. K., and Sengupta, S. 1991. Purification and characterization of a β-glucosidase (cellobiase) from a mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus. Biochim. Biophys. Acts. 1076(2): 215–220
  • Senior, D. J. 1988. Selective solubilization of xylan in pulp using a purified xylanase from Tricholoma harzianum. Biotechnol. Lett. 10: 907–912.
  • Sennanni, G. G., D Annibale, A., Di Lena, G., Vitale, N. S., Di mattia, E., and Minelli, V. 1994. The production of exo-enzymes by Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus and their use for upgrading com straw. Bioresour. Technol. 48(2): 173–178.
  • Shaginyan, K. A., Alekhina, I. A., Gazelyan, S. G., and Denisova, N. P. 1989. Proteinases of the higher basidiomycete Coprinus 7N. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Arm. SSR. 89(2): 88–93.
  • Shaginyan, K. A., Alekhina, I. A., and Denisova, N. P. 1990. Serine proteinase from the higher basidiomycete genus Coprinus. Biokhimiya (Moscow) 55(8): 1387–1395.
  • Shah, M. M., Grover, T. A., and Aust, S. D. 1991. Metabolism of cyanide by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem Biophys. 290:173–178.
  • Shah, W., Lu. B., Xu, X., and Sun, Z. 1989. UV spectrometry for ergosterol in shiitake mushroom mycelium cultured in liquid and solid medium. Zhiwu Sehnglixue Tongxun 2: 67–70.
  • Shangguan, Z. 1988. GMP production by submerged fermentation with Lentinus edodes. Shipin Kexue (Beijing) 103.
  • Shannon, M. J. R. and Bartha, R. 1989. Selection of oxidative enzymes for immobilization of ground water pollutants. Int. Conf. Physio-Chemical Biol. Detoxit. Hazard wastes, Wu, Y. C., Ed., 2: 681–692 Technomic, Lancaster, Pa.
  • Sharma, H. S. S. 1987. Comparative study of the degradation of flax shive by strains of Pleurotus. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol. 25(6): 542–546.
  • Sharma, H. S. S. and Shekhar. 1989. Thermogravimetric analysis of flax shives degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus and Ceraceomvces sublaevis. Thermochim. Acta 138(2): 347–357.
  • Sharma, H. S. S. and Shekhar. 1990. Analysis of the components of lignocellulose degraded by Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Theromochim. Acta 173: 241–252.
  • Sharma, S., Madan, M., and Vasudevan, P. 1989. Biomethane production from fennented substrates. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 68(4): 296–297.
  • Sharman, M., Patey, A. L., and Gilbert, J. 1990. A survey of the ocunence of agaritine in U. K. cultivated mushrooms and processed mushroom products. Food Addit. Contam. 7(5): 649–656.
  • Shcherba, V. V., Stakheev, I. V., Babitskaya, V. G., and Kostina, A. M. 1989. Polysaccharide complex degradation of flax scutch by filamentous fungi in submerged fermentation conditions. Mikol. Fitopatol. 23(2): 159–164.
  • Shiio, T. and Che, R. 1985. Plant lectins as antitumor agents. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP. 61205218 (86205218) IPC A6IK–03 5/78) II Sept. 1986, Appl. 85/45890. 8 Mar. 1985, 9 pp.
  • Shimada, H., Inokuchi, N., Okuwaki, H., Koyama, T., and Irie, M. 1991. Purification and characterization of a base non-specific and adenylic acid preferring ribonuclease from the fruit bodies of Lentinus edodes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55(4): 1167–1169.
  • Shimaoka, I., Itokawa, Y., and Nishino, Y. 1990. Preparation of therapeutic metal bound proteins from mushrooms. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp, 0227090 (90270900) (IPC Co7k 015/22), 5 Nov. 1990, Appl. 89.92395, 12 April 1989, 10 pp.
  • Shimaoka, I., Kodama, J., Nishino, K., and Itokawa, Y. 1993. Purification of a copper binding peptide from the mushroom Grifola frondosa and its effect on copper absorption. J. Nutr. Biochem. 4(1): 33–38
  • Shimaoka, I., Ishiyama, S., Nishino, K, and Itokawa, Y. 1994. Effects of copper binding peptide from the mushroom Grifola frondosa on intestinal copper absorption. Nutr. Res. (N. Y.) 14(9): 1331–1337.
  • Shinizaki, H., Ishida, M., and Okamoto, T. 1986. Acromelic acid, a novel excitatory amino acid from a poisonous mushroom: effects on the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Brain Res. 399(2): 395–398.
  • Shiraishi, O. and Hayashi, T. 1991. Cosmetics containing polysaccharides extracted from mushroom. Jpn. Kokai Tojjyo Koho Jp. 03246301 (90,246,209) (cl. A6117/00). –1 Nov. 1991. Appl. 90/41558 21 Feb. 1990; 8 pp.
  • Shuttleworth, K. L. and Bollag, J. M. 1986. Soluble and immobilized laccase as catalysts for the transformation of substituted phenols. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 8: 171–177.
  • Singh, R. and Srivastava, S. K. 1990. Degradation of cell wall components and changes in digestibility of wheat straw fermented with lignolytic fungi. J. Microb. Biotechnol. 5(1): 1–11.
  • Skladal, P. 1991. Mushroom tyrosinase modified carbon paste electrode as an amperometric biosensor for phenols. Collect Czech. Chem. Commun. 56(7): 1427–1433.
  • Skrzynie, C., Binninger, D. M., Alspaugh, J. A., and Pukkila, P. J. 1989. Molecular characterization of TRPI, a gene coding for tyrptophan synthetase in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Gene 81(1): 73–82.
  • Smith, J. F., Claydon N., Love, M. E., Alian, M., and Wood, D. A. 1989. Effect of substrate depth on extracellular endocellulase and laccase production of. Igaricus bisporus. Mycol. Res. 93(3): 292–296.
  • Smulevich, G., Feis, A., Focardi, C., Tams, J., and Welinder, K. G. 1994. Resonance Raman Study of the active site of Coprinus cinereus peroxidase. Biochemistry 33(51): 15425–15432
  • Solomko, E. F. and Eliseeva, G. S. 1988. Biosynthesis of B vitamins by the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged culture. Priki. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 24(2): 164–169.
  • Solomko, E. F., Panchenko, L. P., and Silchenkova, R. K. 1984. Lipid content and fatty acid composition of a higher edible fungus oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) kimmer. Prikladnaya Biokimiya Mikrobiologiya 20(2): 273–278.
  • Song, C. H., Cho, K. Y., Nair, N. G., and Vine, J. 1989. Growth stimulation and lipid synthesis in Lentinus edodes. Mycologia 81(4): 514–522.
  • Sorimachi, K., Niwa, A., Yamazaki, S., Toda, S., and Yasumura, Y. 1990. Antiviral activity of watersolubilized lignin derivatives in vitro. Agric. Biol Chem. 54(5): 1337–1339.
  • Sornpraset, R. 1995. The Comparison of protein and amino acid in mushroom mycelium and fruiting body. Food 25(3): 178–184’
  • Sosulski, F. W. and Imafidon G. I. 1990. Amino acid composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for animal and plant foods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 1351–1356.
  • Sotomko, E. F., Eliseeva, G. S., Ryabchuk, V. A., and Pchelintseva, R. K. 1987. Composition of the fruiting bodies and mycelium of the higher edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) kummer. Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 23(2): 230–236.
  • Soto-Velazco, C. and Alvarez, I. 1995. Fruit body production of Pleurotus spp. on sugarcane bagasse after treatment with sodium hydroxide. African J. Mycol. Biotechnol. 3(2): 61–66.
  • Souci, S. W., Faclunan, W., and Krant, H. 1989. Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. Wissenschaftliche Verlag Gesellschaft MBH, Stuttgart.
  • Spiker, J. K., Crawford, D. L., and Crawford, R. L. 1992. Influence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration on the degradation of TNT in explosive-contaminated soils by white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3199–3202.
  • Stahl, J. D. and Aust, S. D. 1993a. Metabolism and detoxification of TNT by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192: 477–482.
  • Stahl, J. D. and Aust, S. D. 1993b. Plasma membrane dependent reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Phenerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192: 471–476.
  • Stancher, B., Bruni, G., and Calabrese, M. 1990. Commercial characteristics of the most common fungi cultivated in Italy. I. Production, chemical composition and nutritional value. Ind. Aliment. (Pinerolo, Italy) 29(280): 257–262.
  • Stancher, B., Procida, G., and Calabrese, M. 1992a. Characteristics of the most common mushrooms cultivated in Italy. IV. Lipids: detenninaton of the content of free and bound fatty acids. Ind. Aliment. (Pinerolo, Italy) 31(307): 744–747, 750.
  • Stancher, B., Procida, G., and Calabrese, M. 1992b. Commercial characteristics of the most common mushrooms cultivated in Italy. III. Lipids: determination of the fatty acid content. Ind. Aliment. (Pinerolo. Italy) 31(304): 431–434.
  • Stankeviciene, D. and Urbonas, V. 1988. Biochemical characteristics of edible mushrooms of the Lithuanian SSR. VII. Protein content in fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus (Lge.) Sing., Lactarius deliciosus (L:Fr.). S. F. Gray, L. Torminosus (Schaff.:Fr.) S. F. Gray, L. necator (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst, L. rufus (Scop: Fr.) Fr. Liet. TSR Mokslu. Akad. Darb., Ser. C., 4: 109–114.
  • Stankeviciene, D. and Urbonas, V. 1991. Dynamics of amino acids in some uncommon edible mushrooms. Eksp. Biol. 3: 132–143.
  • Starratt, A. N., Stothers, J. B., and Ward, E. W. B. 1987.Coprinolone, an oxygen bridged protolliudane from the fungus Coprinus psychromorbidus: structure determination by chemical and NMR studies aided by biosynthetic incorporation of (1,2–13 C2) acetate. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 445(9): 590–591.
  • Steffen, B., Cordes, A., and Grabbe, K. 1995. The large-scale prodution of phenoloxidase from residues of mushroom cultivation for the utilization in enviromnental protection services. Mushroom Sci. 14(2): 893–899.
  • Stepanov, V. V., Sivochub, O. A., Sakse, A. K., and Borzakaskaya, V. S. 1990. Biotechnological processing of peat moss. Torf, prom-st. 6: 37–42
  • Stephens, S. K, Elliott, T. J., and Wood, D. A. 1991 Extracellular enzyme mutants of Coprinus bilanatus. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13(12): 976–981.
  • Sterner, C., Steffan, B., and Steglich, W. 1987. Novel azepine derivatives from the pungent mushroom Chalciporuspiperatus. Tetrahedron 43(6): 1075–1082.
  • Stevanovic, J. T., Bujanovic, B., and Miric, M. 1988. Biodegradation of hardwood kraft lignin by some white-rot fungi. Bull. Liaison Groupe, Polyphenols. 14: 161–164.
  • Stijve, T. and Bourqui, B. 1991. Arsenic in edible mushrooms. Dtsch. Lebensm Rundsch. 87(10): 307–310.
  • Stijve, T., Fumeaux, R., and Philippossian G. 1986. Agaritine, α-p-hydroxymethyl phenyl hydrazine derivative in cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), and in some of its wild growing relatives. Otsch. Lebensm. Rundsch. 82(8): 243–248.
  • Straatsma, G. and Bruinsma, J. 1986. Carboxylated metabolic intermediates as nutritional factors in vegetative growth of the mycorrhizal mushroom, Canthrellus cibarius Fr. J. Plant Physiol. 125(3–4): 377–381.
  • Stott, D. E., Martin, J. P., Focht, D. D., and Haider, K. 1983. Biodegradation stabilization in humus and incorporation into soil biomass of 2–4, D and chlorocatechol carbons. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47: 66–70.
  • Strmiskova, G., Stnniska, F., and Dubravicky, J. 1992. Mineral composition of oyster mushroom. Nahrung 36(2): 210–212.
  • Sublett, K. L., Ganapathy, E. V., and Schwartz, S. 1992. Degradation of munitions wastes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Biochem. Bioteclmol. 34/35: 709–723.
  • Sueyoshi, S., Tsuji, T., and Osawa, T. 1988. Carbohydrate binding specificities of five lectins that bind to o-glycosyl-linked carbohydrate chains. Quantitative analysis by frontal affinity chromatography. Carbohydr. Res. 178: 213–224.
  • Sugata, K. 1989a. Treatment of water containing humic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 01139197 (89139197) (IPC COsF 003/34), 31 May 1989, Appl. 87/296171, 26 Nov. 1987, 3 pp.
  • Sugata, K. 1989b. Treatment of water containing humic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 0114369 (89143699) (IPC Co 2f 003/34), 6 June 1989, Appl. 87/300070, 30 Nov. 1987, 5 pp.
  • Sugiura, J., Tsujloka, K., and Takahashi, T. 1989. Lignin peroxidase CH, and its manufacture with Coriolus. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 01 27468 (89 27468) (IPC C12N–009/02), 30 Jan. 1989, Appl. 87/183439, 24 July 1987, 9 pp.
  • Sigiyama, H., Shibata, H., Isomura, K, and Iwashima, K. 1994. Concentration of radiocesium in mushrooms an substrates in the subalpine forest of Mt. Fuji Japan. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 35(1): 13–22.
  • Sugiyama, K., Kawagishi, H., Tanaka, A., Saeki, S., Yoshida, S., Sakamoto, H., and Ishiguro, Y. 1992. Isolation of plasma cholesterol lowering components from ningyotake (Polyporus confluens) mushroom. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 38(4): 335–342.
  • Sugiyama, K., Akaclii, T., and Yamakawa, A. 1993. The hypocholesterolemic action of Lentinus edodes is evoked through alteration of phospholipid composition of liver microsomes in rats. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57(11): 1983–1985.
  • Sugiyama, K. and Yamakawa, A. 1996. Dietery eritadenine induced alternation of molecular species composition of phospholipids in rats. Lipids 31(4): 399–104.
  • Sumi, H., Yatagai, C., and Matsubara, K. 1996. Antiplatelet aggregation and plasma fibrinolysis accelerating activities in mushroom extracts (Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes). J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. 43(3): 318–321.
  • Sumio, H., Taketomo, T., Fujimori, T., and Kli, M. 1986. Antitumor coriolan from Corioluspubascens. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 61194038 (86194033) IPC A61K–035784,28 Aug. 1986, Appl. 85/32744, 22 Feb. 1985, 9 pp.
  • Sundman, G., Kirk, T. K, and Chang, H. M. 1980. Fungal decolorization of kraft bleach plant effluent. Tappi. J. 64: 145–148.
  • Suntory, Ltd. 1990. Determination of lipid peroxides with peroxidase. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 02174693 (90174693) (IPC C120–001/28), 6 July 1990, Appl. 88/330261, 27 Dec. 1988, 6 pp.
  • Surinder Kumar, Goswami, A. K, and Sushil Kumar. 1993. Changes in nitrogenous compounds during development of white button mushroom. Ind. J. Plant Physiol. 36(2): 141–142.
  • Surinrut, P., Julshamn, K, and Leif, R. N. 1987. Protein amino acids and some major and trace elements in Thai and Norwegian mushrooms. Oual. Plant. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 37(2): 117–125.
  • Suye, S. and Inuta, S. 1991. A glucose sensor using pyranose oxidase from Polyporus obtusus. ATCC-26733. Denkikagaku Oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 59(2): 152–156.
  • Suzuki, Y. and Miyairi, K. 1991. Effect of decay of substrate during nameko mushroom (Pholiota nameko) cultivation and improvement on its digestibility by ruminants. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 32(3): 331–339.
  • Suzuki, Y., Osawa, M., Sato, K, and Olkawa, S. 1987. Production of extracellular polysaccharide by Grifola frondosa. Seito Gijutsu Kenkyu Kaishi 35: 87–92.
  • Suzuki, K., One, T., Yamazaki, M., and Takeda, T. 1990. Purification and some properties of a hemolysin from the poisonous mushroom Rhodophyllus rhodopolius. Toxicon 28(9): 1019–1028.
  • Suzuki, H., Salto, H., Okubo, A., Yamazaki, S., and Toda, D. 1986. Immunological activites of high molecular weight fractions purified from Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) macrophage activating effect and mitogenic activity. Igaku No Ayumi 138(6/7): 441–442.
  • Suzuki, I., Takeyama, T., Olino, N., Olkawa, S., Sato, K, Suzuki, Y., and Yadomae, T. 1987. Antitumor effect of polysaccharide Grifolan NMF-5N on syngeneic tumor in mice. J. Pharmacobio. Dyn. 10(2): 72–77.
  • Suzuki, H., Okubo, A., Yamazaki, S., Suzuki, K., Mitsuya, H., and Toda, S. 1989. Inhibition of the ineffectivity and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by water soluble lignin in a extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160(1): 367–373.
  • Swift, M. J. 1982. Basidiomycetes as components of forest ecosystems. In: Decomposer Basidiomycetes: Their Biology and Ecology. pp. 307–337. Frankland J. C., Hedger, J. N., and Swift, M. J., Eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
  • Szebiotko, K., Chrapkowska, K. J., and Gemlicka, D. 1990. Possiblity of enzymic decomposition of bean and pea shells with cellulase complexes of Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr. ex. Jacquin) fungus. Acata. Microbiol. Pol. 39(1–2): 43–19.
  • Szklarz, G. and Leonowicz, A. 1986. Co-operation between fungal laccase and glucose oxidase in the degradation of lignin derivatives. Phytochemistry 25(11): 2537–2539.
  • Szmidt, B., Jankowski, T., Tulacz, J., Beresniewicz, A., and Wlazlo, H. 1992. Granulated organic mineral fertilizer from mushroom substrate and method for its production Pol. PL 156, 587 (cl. C05G 1/00), 31 Mar. 1992, Appl. 271, 495, 29 Mar. 1988, 4 pp.
  • Tabata, T. and Yamasaki, Y. 1995. Changes in constituents during fruit body formation of Yanagimatsutake mushroom (Agrocybe cylindracea) (Fr.) Maire. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 42(8): 607–610.
  • Taguchi, H., Omura, D., Nishitani, H., Okumura, K., and Shimabayashi, Y. 1989. Properties of nicotinamidase in “Enokitake” mushroom, (Flammulina velutipes). Bitamin 63(10): 491–496.
  • Takada, S., Nakamura, M., Matsueda, T., Kondo, R., and Sakai, K. 1995. Degradation on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(12): 4323–4328.
  • Takagi, Y., Katayose, Y., and Shishido, K. 1988. Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and adenylate cyclase activity during mycelial development in fruiting body formation in Lentinus edodes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 55(3): 275–278.
  • Takahashi, A., Endo, T., and Nozoe, S. 1992. Repandiol, a new cytotoxic diepoxide from the mushroom, Hydnum repandum and Hydnum repandum var. Lab um. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40(12): 3181–3184.
  • Takahashi, A., Agatsuma, T., Ohta, T., Nunozawa, T., Endo, T., and Nozoe, S. 1993. Russuphelins B, C, D. E, and F, new cytotoxic substances from the mushroom Russula subnigricans. Hongo Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41: 1726–1729.
  • Takama, F., Sasaki, M., and Nunomura, N. 1978. Flavour components of Agrocybe aegerita (Yanagi-matsutakc). Mushroom Sci. 10: 677–684.
  • Takamura, K., Hoshino, H., Sugahara, T., and Amano, H. 1991. Determination of vitamin D2 in shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromator. 545(1): 124–129.
  • Takekuma, S., Takekuma, H., Matsubara, Y., Inaba, K., and Yoshida, Z. 1994. A novel mushroom pigment: isolation and characterization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116: 8849–8850.
  • Takenaga, F., Tanaka, M., Iton, S., and Tsuyuki, H. 1988. Comparison of the lipids in fresh and dried aragekikurage mushroom. Auricularia polytrica. Ninon Dalgakua Nojul-gakubu Gijutsu Kenkyu Hokoku 45: 90–96.
  • Takenaga, F., Sekiguchi, H., Itoh, S., and Tsuyuki, H. 1995. The lipids in fresh and freeze-dried winter mushroom. Flammulina velutipes. Bull. College Agric. Vet. Med. Nihon Univ. 52: 170–174.
  • Takeuchi, A., Okano, T., Wasa, T., Sudo, M., Nliya, Y., and Kobayashi, T. 1990. Effect of solar radiation on vitamin D2 contents in shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes). Bitamin. 65(3): 121–124.
  • Tan, S. 1992. Waste mushroom culture beds and their uses. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 04, 325, 484 (92, 325, 484) (cl, CO 5F 11/08), 13 Nov. 1992, Appl. 91/124, 788, 26 April 1991; 4 pp.
  • Tan, Y. H. and Moore, D. 1994. High concentrations of mannitol in the shiitake mushroom. Lentinula edodes. Microbios. 79(318): 31–35.
  • Tanaka, Y, 1990. Microscopic studies on powdered crude drugs. (1). crystals of fungi drugs. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 44(1): 5–10.
  • Tanaka, T., Mori, I., and Ota, T. 1987. Manufacture of cholesterol lowering and immuno activating eritadenine by fused Lentinus edodes and Collybia velutipes. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 62220193 (87/20193) (IPC C12P–001/00) 28 Sept. 1987, Appl. 86/63622, 20 Mar. 1986, 4 pp.
  • Tanaka, T., Nakamura, Y., Kurobe, T., Tanabe, Y., Koyam, N., and Olisawa, S. 1992. Effect of ingestion of mushroom extract (Bio-M), oligosaccharide, and dietary fiber on human feaces odor and properties. Rinsho Eiyo 81(5): 583–587.
  • Taratunina, L. V., Tarasova, N. V., Manakov, M. N., Neklyudov, A. D., Tslbanov, V. V., and Larkin A. M. 1988. Assimilation of carbon nitrogen containing components of milk whey by Pleurotus ostreatus. Biotekhnologiya 4(2): 221–224.
  • Tatarko, M. and Bumpus, J. A. 1993. Biodegradation of phenanthrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium : on the role of lignin peroxidase. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 20–24.
  • Tatsumi, K, Liu, S. Y., and Bollag, J. M. 1992. Enzyme catalyzed complex formation of chlorinated anilines with humic substance. Water Sci. Technol. 25: 57–60.
  • Taylor, R., Llewellyn, G. C., Mayfield, J. E., Shortle, W. C., and Dashek, W. V. 1987. Time dependent appearence of extracellular Polyphenol oxidase in relation to catechol induced bimodal growth response of Coriolus versicolor. Biodeterior. Res. (Proc. Annu. Meet. Pan Am. Biodeterior Soc.) 1: 63–74. Liewellyn, G. C. and O’Rear, C. E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York.
  • Teaumroong, N. and Picnyangkura, S. 1989. Detection of polysaccharide from some mushrooms. Microb. Util. Renewable Resour. 6: 126–128.
  • Terada, M., Komiyama, M., Takatsu, M., and Minami, J. 1985. Manufacture of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp., 61234780 (86234780) (IPC C12N–009/06) 20 Oct. 1986. Appl. 85/78170, 11 April 1985, 5 pp.
  • Terada, M., Takatsu, M., and Minami, J. 1986a. Peroxidase production. Eur. Pat. Appl. Ep. 200565 (IPC CI2N–009/08). 5 Nov. 1986, Appl. JP 85/95837, 2 May 1985, 16 pp.
  • Terada, M., Sato, M., Horie, Y., Takatsu, M., and Minami, J. 1986b. Production of ursocholic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. Jp. 61268196 (IPC C12P–033/06), 27 Nov. 1986, Appl. 85/111553, 23 May 1985, 9 pp.
  • Terashita, T., Oda, K., Kono, M., and Murao, S. 1980. Identification and characterization of a metalloproteinase accumulated in the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes cultivated in the presence of S-PI (Pepstation AC). Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 30(2): 239–243.
  • Terashita, T., Kono, M., Mishima, N., Obta, T., and Yamauchi, M. 1990. The Proximate components, free and protein bound amino acids in protein and 51-GMP in fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes Singer (Shiitake mushroom) grown on artificial bed-blocks. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 37(7): 528–532.
  • Terashita, T., Ueda, M., Yoshikawa, K., Kono, M., and Shishiyama, J. 1993. Effects of chitin and its related substances on the vegetative mycelial growth an the fruit body formation of some mushroom fungi. Bokin Bodai 21(2): 69–75.
  • Terashita, T., Nawama, M., Yoshikawa, K., and Shishiyama, J. 1995. Proteinases from the fruit body of Flammulina velutipes. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 42(11): 907–912.
  • Thilagavathi, T., Mathan K K., and Poushotahman, D. 1994. Kinetics of carbon: nitrogen (C:N) changes during coir pith composting. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 17(3–4): 67–70.
  • Thomas, D. R., Carswell, K. S. and Gerogiou, G. 1992. Mineralization of biopheyl and PC S ’ s by the whiterot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Bioteclmol. Bioeng. 40: 1395–1402.
  • Thurston C. F. 1994. The structure and function of fungal laccases. Microbiology. 140: 19–26.
  • Tien, M. 1987. Properties of ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their possible applications. CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 15: 141–168.
  • Tien, M. and Kirk, T. K. 1983. Lignin degrading enzyme from the hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Burd. Science 221: 661–663.
  • Tien, M. and Kirk, T. K. 1984. Lignin degrading enzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Purification, characterization and catalytic properties of a unique H2O2-requiring oxygenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 2280–2284.
  • Tien, M., Kirk, T. K, Bull, C., and Fee, J. A. 1986. Steady state and transient state kinetic studies on the oxidation of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol catalyzed by the ligninase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Burds. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 1687–1693.
  • Timofeeva, S. S., Kraeva, V. Z., and Tolosa, E. A. 1989. Biochemical treatment of water containing cyanides. U.S.S.R. SU 1468871 (IPC C02F–003/32) 30 Mar. 1989. Appl. 4105836, 16 Aug. 1986. From Otkrytiya. Ozobret 12: 94.
  • Tochikura, T. S., Nakashima, H., Ohashi, Y., and Yamamoto, N. 1988. Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 177(5): 235–244.
  • Toda, S., Yamazaki, S., and Okubo, A. 1987. Manufacture of immunoactive substance for treatment of chronic B hepatitis and other diseases. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 62270532 (87270532) (IPC A61K–035/84), 24 Nov. 1987, Appl. 86/115710, 20 May 1986, 6 pp.
  • Togashi, I., Harada, A., and Gisusi, S. 1995. Examination of substrates for sawdust cultivation of Maitake mushroom. Grifola frondosa. J. Hokkaido Forest Products Res. Ins. 9(3): 13–16.
  • Tokimoto, K. and Fukuda, M. 1981. Taiwan Mushrooms 5: 1.
  • Tokimoto, K, Fujita, T., Takeda, Y., and Takaishi, Y. 1988. Antibiotic lentiarexine and its manufacture with Lentinus and Trichoderma coculture. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 63 44542 (88 44 54 2) (IPC C07C–033/048), 25 Feb. 1988, Appl. 86/18 8296, 11 Aug. 1986, 5 pp.
  • Tominaga, I. 1985. Combined effect of PSK and adriamycin on rodent tumors. Recent Adv. Chemother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., 14th 1985. Anticancer Sect. 2:836–837. Ishigami J., Ed. Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Toth, B. 1986. Carcinogenesis by N2-E gamma-L-(+)-glutamyl)-4-carboxyphenyl of Agaricus bisporus in mice. Anticancer Res. 6(5): 917–920.
  • Toth-Alenk J., Torzilli, A. P., and Ibister, J. D. 1994. Analysis of low-molecular mass products from biosolubilized coal. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 166(3): 283–286.
  • Toyota, M. and Hostettmann, K. 1990. Antifungal diterpenic esters from the mushroom Boletinus cavipes. Phytochemistry 29(5): 1485–1489.
  • Tressl, R., Bahri, D., and Engel, K. H. 1982. Formation of eight carbon and ten carbon components in mushrooms (Agaricus campestris). J. Agric. Food Chem. 30: 89.
  • Tripathi, J. P. and Yadav, J. S. 1991. Comparative ligninolytic and polysaccharolytic potentials of an alkaliphilic basidiomycete on native ligninocellulose. Int. Biol. Deterior. 27(1): 49–59.
  • Trojanowski, J., De vries, O. M. H., Wessels, J. G. H., and Huettennann, A. 1986. Capacity to demethylate lignin and oxidase production by Schizophyllum commune (monokaryon) and Polyporus species. Microbios Lett. 33(130): 67–70.
  • Trojanowski, A., Milstein O., Majcherczyk, A., Haars, A., and Huettennann, A. 1987. Solubilization and polymerization of lignin by several wood-inhabiting fungi. Collog. INKA, 40 (Lignin Enzymic Microb. Degrad.) 223–229.
  • Trudel, P., Courchesne, D., Roy, C., and Charttrand, P. 1988. Cloning of Trametes versicolor genes induced by nitrogen starvation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(6):
  • Tsai, T. S. 1991. Biotreatment of red water — a hazardous stream from explosive manufacture with fungal systems. Haz. Waste Haz. Mater. 8: 231–244.
  • Tsai, M. J. and Tsai, S. J. 1987. Taste compounds of frozen mushroom concentrates. Shih P’inK’o Hsueh (Taipei) 14(3): 143–153.
  • Tshinyangu, K. K. 1996. Effect of grass hay substrate on nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus Var. Columbinus. Nahrung. 40(2): 79–83.
  • Tshinyangu, K. K. and Henebert, G. L. 1996. Protein and chitin nitrogen contents and protein content in Pleurotus ostreatus Var. columbinus. Food Chem. 57(2): 223–227.
  • Tsuchida, K., Aoyagi, Y., Odani, S., Mita, T., and Isemura, M. 1995. Isolation of novel collagen binding protein from the mushroom, Hypsizigus marmoreus which inhibits the Lewis lung carcinoma cell adhesion to type IV collagen. J. Biol. Chem. 270(4): 1481–1484.
  • Tsuyl, H., Ogawa, T., Banodo, N., and Susaoka, K. 1989. Stereo-specificity of NAD(P)H oxidation catalyzed by 4-amino-benzoate hydroxylase from Agaricus bisporus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 991(2): 380–382.
  • Tsuyuki, H. 1985. Studies on the lipids of shiitake mushroom, Lentinus edodes. Han’guk Younyang Sikiyong Hakhoechi 14(4): 419–427.
  • Tsvetnova, O. V. and Scheglov, A. I. 1996. Cs accumulation in mushrooms and their role in the biogeochemistry of radionuclides in forest ecosystems. Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 17. Pochvoved 4: 59–69.
  • Turner, E. M., Wright, M., Ward, T., Osborne, D. M., and Self, R. 1975. Production of ethylene and other volatiles and changes in cellulase and laccase activities during the life cycle of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 91: 167–176.
  • Twaij, H. A. A., Sayed-Ali, H. M., Al-Kubban, M. M., and Kery, A. 1987. Phannacological, toxicological, and phytochemical investigation on the mushroom Panaelus papilionaceus. Fitoterapia 58(2): 109–117.
  • Tyler, G. 1980. Metals in sporophores of basidiomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol Soc. 74: 41.
  • Uchida, T., Matsui, S., and Uhayasni, A. 1985. Manufacture of pyranose oxidase. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP. 61239886 (86239886) (IPC CI2N–009/04), 25 Oct. 1986, Appl. 85/80885,16 April 1985, 8 pp.
  • Uchimoto, I. 1988. Jpn. Patent 135 597/88.
  • Ueno, H., Higaki, M., Unishi, Y., and Watanabe, T. 1990. Biological prevention of pitch problems in paper manufacture. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP. 07,238,031 (95,238,031) (cL. a 61K35/84), 12 Sept. 1995. Appl. 94/53,209,25 Feb. 1994, 4 pp.
  • Ulmer, D. C., Leisola, M. S. A., and Fiechter, A. 1984. A possible induction of the ligninolytic system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J. Biotechnol. 1: 73–74.
  • Umezawa, T. and Higuclii, T. 1988. Analysis of lignin degradation intermediates by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Methods Enzymol. 161 (Biomass, Pt. B) 200–11.
  • Umezawa, H., Takeuclii, T., Osanawa, H., Ohayashi, A., Iinuma, H., and Shiomi, K. 1986. Novel antitumor antibiotic deoxycoriolic acid and its manufacture with Coriolus species. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. Jp 63 63672 (88 63672) (IPC Co7D–303/40), 22 Mar. 1988. Appl. 86/206918,4 Sept. 1986, 6 pp.
  • Uyakul, D., Isobe, M., and Goto, T. 1989. Lampteromyces bioluminescence. 3. Structure of lampteroflavin the light emitter in the luminous mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus. Bio. Org. Chem. 17(4): 454–460.
  • Uyakul, D., Isobe, M., and Goto, T. 1990. Lampteroflavin, the first riboflavinyl-a-ribofuranoside as light emitter in the luminous mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus. Tetrahedron 46(4): 1367–1378.
  • Valli, K. and Gold, M. H. 1991. Degradation of 2, 4–dichlorophenol by the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J. Bacteriol. 173: 345–352.
  • Valli. K, Brock, B. J., Joshi, D. K, and Gold, M. H. 1992a. Degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 221–228.
  • Valli, K., Warishi, H., and Gold, M. H. 1992b. Degradation of 2,7-diclilorodibenzo-p-dioxinby the lignin degrading basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 174: 2131–2137
  • Valmaseda, M., Almendros, G., and Martinez., A. T. 1990. Substrate dependent degradation patterns in the decay of wheat straw and beech wood by ligninolytic fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33(4): 481–484.
  • Valmaseda, M., Martinez, M. J., and Martinez, A. T. 1991. Kinetics of wheat straw solid-state fermentation with Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus lignin and polysaccharide alteration and production of related enzymic activities. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35(6): 817–823.
  • Van Eijk, G. W. 1975. Drosopliilin, a methyl ether from Mycena megaspora. Phytochemistry 14: 2506.
  • Vanni, A., Gastaldi, D., and Giunta, G. 1990. Kinetic investigations on the double enzymic activity of the tyrosinase mushroom. Ann. Chim. (Rome) 80(1–2): 35–60.
  • Vares, T., Lundell, T. K., and Hatakka, A. 1993. Production of ligninolytic enzymes by two white-rot fungi, Phelbia ochraceofulva and Junghuhnia separabilima. In: Proc. FEMS Symp. Lignin Biodeg. Transformation. Biotechnol, Appl. Duarte, J. C., Ferreira, M. C., and Ander, P., Eds., Forbitec Editions, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 65–66.
  • Vargic, T. and Mnsa, V. 1994. 1994. Detection of exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity in polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis under denaturing or nondenaturing conditions. Electrophoresis 15(7): 903–906.
  • Venkatadri, R., Tsai, S. P., Vukanic, N., and Hein L. B. 1992. Use of a biofilm membrane reactorfor the production of lignin peroxidase and treatment of pentachlorophenol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Haz. Waste Haz. Mater. 9: 231–243.
  • Verhagen, F. J. M., Swarts, H. J., Kuyper, T. W, Wijnberg, J. B. P. A., and Field, J. A. 1996. The ubiquity of natural adsorbable organic halogen production among basidiomycetes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 45: 710–718.
  • Verma, A., Keshervani, G. P., Slianna, Y. K, Sawarkar, N. J., and Singh, P. 1987. Mineral contents of edible (dehydrated) mushrooms. Indian J. Nutr. Diet. 24(8): 241–245.
  • Vetter, J. 1989. Comparison of mineral elements in Agaricus and Pleurotus fruiting bodies. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 189(4): 346–350.
  • Vetter, J. 1994a. Mineral elements in the important cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Food Chem. 50(3): 277–279.
  • Vetter, J. 1994b. Data on arsenic and cadmium contents of some common mushrooms. Toxicon. 32(1): 11–15.
  • Vetter, J. 1995. Mineral and amino acid contents of edible, cultivated mushroom Shiitake (Lentinus edodes). Zeitschriftfur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-Forschung 201(1): 17–19.
  • Vetter, J. and Siller, I. 1991. Chitigehalt von hoheren Pilzen (chitin content of higher fungi). Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch. 193: 36–38.
  • Vetter, J. and Rimoczi, I. 1993. Roh-, verdauliche and unverdauliche Fruchtkorperproteine in Austernseitlingen Pleurotus ostreatus (pzile). Lebensm. Unter. Forsch. 197: 427–428.
  • Vidal, J. P., Toulemonde, B., and Richard, H. 1986. Aromatic volatiles of the fairy ring mushroom (Marasmius oreades). Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 19(5): 353–359.
  • Viesturs, U., Strikauska, S., Leite, M., Berzins, A., and Tengerdy R. P. 1987. Combined submerged and solid substrate fermentation for the bioconversion of lignocellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 30(2): 282–288.
  • Viikari, L. and Linko, M. 1977. Reduction of nucleic acid content of SCP. Proc. Biochemistry 12: 17.
  • Vinciguerra, V., D’Annibale, A., Delle Monache, G., Giovannozzi, S. G. 1995. Correlated effects during the bioconversion of waste olive waters by Lentinus edodes. Bioresour. Technol. 51(2&3): 221–226.
  • Vnechak, P. and Schwalb, M. N. 1989. Phenol oxidase activity during development of Coprinus cinereus. Mycoi Res. 93(4): 546–548.
  • Vol’f, L. A., Shamolina, 1.1., Goncharova, N. A., Lobova, A. B., and Gavrilova, V. P. 1986. Immobilization of enzymes on fibrous supports. Priki. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 22(5): 664–668.
  • Vyas, B. R. M., Bakowski, S., and Sasek, V. 1994a. Ligninolytic enzymes of selected white-rot fungi cultivated on wheat straw. Folia Microbiol. (Prague) 39(3): 235–240.
  • Vyas, B. R. M., Bakowski, S., Sasek, V., and Matucha, M. 1994b. Degradation of anthracene by selected white-rot fungi. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14:65–70.
  • Vyas, B. R. M., Sasek, V., Matucha, M., and Bubner, M. 1994c. Degradation of 3, 31, 4, 41-tetrachlorobiphenyl by selected white-rot fungi. Chemosphere 28(6): 1127–1134.
  • Wagenfuechr, A., Pecina, H., and Kuchne, G. 1989a. Enzymic chip modification for use in the production of wood based materials. Holztechnologie 30(2): 62–65.
  • Wagenfuehr, A., Kuenne, G., Pecina, H., and Beckert, G. 1989b. Enzymic treatment of wood fibers. Ger. (East) DD 271079 (IPC B 27K–015.00), 23 Aug. 1989. Appl. 314150 29 Mar. 1988, 3 pp.
  • Wang, N., Zhang, S., Lu, P., Xu, B., and Shen, R. 1989. Carcinogenic course of rat liver cancer induced by aflatoxin B1 and effect of Polyporus versicolor polysaccharide on carcinogenic action. Tian jin Yiyao 17(9): 5234–536.
  • Wang, J., Kane, S. A., Liu J., Smyth. M. R., and Rogers, K. 1996. Mushroom tissue based biosensor for inhibitor monitoring. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 34(1): 51–55.
  • Ward, H. B. 1985. Lignite degrading fungi isolated from a weathered outcrop system. System. Appl. Microbiol. 6: 236–238.
  • Warishi, H. and Gold, M. H. 1989. Lignin peroxidase compound III. Formation, inactivation, and conversion to the native enzyme. FEBS Lett. 243: 165–168.
  • Warishi, H., Moroshi, N, and Haraguchi, T. M. 1987. Degradation of lignin by the extracellular enzymes of Coriolus versicolor. VII. Effective degradation of syringyl type β-aryl ether lignin model compound by laccase III. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33(11): 892–898.
  • Warishi, H., Valli, K., and Gold, M. H. 1991. In vitro depolymerization of lignin by manganese peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem. Biophys. Red. Commun. 176: 269–276.
  • Watanabe, T., Takai Y., Tanaka, K., and Suzuki, A. 1994. Effects of ozone exposure during cultivation of nameko mushrooms (Pholiota nameko) on fatty acid composition of the fruit bodies. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 41(10): 702–704
  • Weemaes, C., Rubens, P., De cordt. S., Ludikhuyze, L., Van den Broeck, I., Hendrickx, M., Heremans, K., and Tobback, P. 1997. Temperature sensitivity and pressure resistance of mushroom polyphcnoloxidasc. J. Food Sci. 62(2): 261–266.
  • Wells, T. K., Hammond, J. B. W., and Dickerson A. G. 1987. Variations in activities of glycogen phosphorylase and trehalase during the perodic fruiting of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. (Lange) Imbach. New Phytol. 105(2): 273–280
  • Westennark, U. and Eriksson, K. E. 1974a. Carbohydrate dependent enzymic quinone reduction during lignin degradation. Acta. Chem. Scand. B28: 204–208.
  • Westermark, U. and Eriksson, 1974b. Cellobiose: quinone oxidore ductase, a new wood degrading enzyme from white-rot fungi. Acta. Chem Scand. B28: 209–214.
  • Westennark, U. and Eriksson, K. E. 1975. Cellobiose: quinone oxidoreductase, a new wood degrading enzyme from white-rot fungi. Acta Chem. Scand. B29: 419–423.
  • Wieczorek, Z., Siemion I. Z., Zimecki, M., Bolewska-Pedyczak, E., and Wieland, T. 1993. Immunosuppressive activity in the series of cycloamanide peptides from mushrooms. Peptides (Pergamon) 14(1): 53–114.
  • Wieland, T. 1987. New trends in mushroom poisoning. Int. Congr. Ser. Excerpta Med. (Interact. Drugs Chem. Ind. Soc.) 734: 255–268
  • Wiesche, C., Martens, R., and Zadrazil, F. 1996. Two-step degradation of pyrene by white-rot fungi and soil microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 653–659.
  • Willemot, C. 1980. Sterols in hardening winter wheat. Phytochemistry 19: 1071–1073.
  • Williams, A. C., Moore, N. L., Dashek, W. V., and Williams A. L. 1990. Coriolus versicolor, a model system to investigate the biotechnology of wood-deteriorating enzymes. E., Eds., 3 (Proc. Meet. Pan Am. 405–17). Plenum Press, New York.
  • Wilmann, G. and Fakoussa, R. M. 1997. Biological bleaching of water-soluble coal macromolecules by a basidiomycete strain. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 47: 95–101.
  • Wilson, B. W., Lewis, E. J., Stewart, D. L., and Li, S. M. 1985. Microbial conversion of coal. In: Proc. 10th Ann. EPRI Contractors’ Conf. on Clean Liq. Solid Fuels, April 23–25, Palo Alto, Calif Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif, pp. 31.1–31.8.
  • Wilson, B. W., Pyne, J. A., Bean R. M., Fredrickson, J. A., Stewart, D. L., Sass, E., Burnside, M., and Cohen M. S. 1987. Electr. Power Res. Inst., (Rep) EPRI Ap (Palo Alto, Calif.), EPRI-AP–5043-SR, Proc. Annu. EPRI contract. Conf. Clean Liq Solid Fuels, 11th, 1986, 2745–2762.
  • Woggon H. and Bickerich, K. 1978. On the occurrence of toxic heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc, and mercury) in mushrooms. Die. Nahrung 22(3): K 13.
  • Wolter, K. E., Highley, T. L., and Evans, F. 1980. A unique polysaccharide and glycoside degrading enzyme complex from the wood-decay fungus Poria placenta. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 97: 1499–1504.
  • Wondrak, L., Szanto, M., and Wood, W. A. 1989. Depolymerization of water soluble coal polymer from subituminous coal and lignite by lignin peroxidase. Appl. Biochem Biotechnol. 20/21: 765–780.
  • Wood, D. 1986. Straw and the future. Mushroom J. 164: 259.
  • Wood, W. F., Watson, R. L., and Largent, D. L. 1990. The odor of Agarcius augustus. Mycologia 82(2): 276–278.
  • Wood, D. A., Claydon, N., Dudley, K. J., Stephens, S. K., and Allan, M. 1988. Cellulase production in the life cycle of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. FEMS Symp. 43 (Biochem Genet. Cellul Degrad): 53–70.
  • Xiao, H. and Huang, K. 1990. Separation of cellulase of Lentinus edodes. Xiamen Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban. 29(3): 339–334.
  • Xu, W. 1989. Compositions containing vitamin A and others for use as immuno enhancer and for prevention of cancer and infections. Faming Zhuanli Shenging Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1034859 (IPC A61KL–035/78), 23 Aug. 1989, Appl. 89100682, 11 Feb. 1989, 16 pp.
  • Xu, B., Shen, R., Li, J., Wang, N., Lu, P., and Zhang, S. 1989. The effect of Polystictus versicolor polysaccharide on aflatoxin-B1-induced hepatic carcinoma in rats. . Jiangsu Yiyao 15(3): 195–197.
  • Yadav, J. S. 1988. SSF of wheat straw with alcaliphilic Coprinus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 31(5): 414–417.
  • Yadav, J. S. and Reddy, C. A. 1993a. Degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by the lignin degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 756–762.
  • Yadav, J. S. and Reddy, C. A. 1993b. Mineralization of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and mixtures of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 2904–2908.
  • Yamaguchi, T., Kawakatsu, H., and Ichimatsu, T. 1995. Wet-laid sheets made from mushroom fibers. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 07, 279, 088 (95,279,08) (Cl. D21H13/00) 24 Oct. 1995, Appl. 94/61,230 Mar. 1994, 8 pp.
  • Yamamoto, K., Matsuoka, S., and Hiroi, T. 1986. Effects of nutrient nitrogen impregnated in wood on lignin degradation by white-rot fungi. I. Comparison Among Fungus Species. Ringyo Shikenjo, Kenkyu Hokoku 340: 197–204.
  • Yamano, K. and Shirahama, H. 1994. The Structure of a new dipeptide from the mushroom, Clitocybe acromelalga. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 49(3–4): 157–162.
  • Yamaura, Y. and Change, M. 1988. Effects of aqueous extract of a poisonous mushroom. Amanita pantheirna, on mice and and assay of toxic isoxazole derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography. Korean J. Toxicol. 4(2): 85–94.
  • Yang, Q. 1989. Antitumor glycopeptide PSP and its manufacture with Coriolus versicolor. Faming Zhuanli Shenging Gonchl Shuomingshu CN 1034957. (IPC C12P–021/00), 23 Aug. 1989, Appl. 891054471, 1 Feb. 1989, 14 pp.
  • Yang, M., Mei, P., and Chen, G. 1995. Purified Coriolus versicolor polypeptide complex. PCT Int. Appl. 48 pp.
  • Yasumoto, K, and Iwami, K. 1987. S-substituted l-cysteine sulfoxide lyase from shiitake mushroom. Methods Enzymol. 143. (Sulfur Amino acids): 434–439.
  • Yatohgo, T., Nakata, M., Tsumuraya, Y., Hashimoto, Y., and Yamamoto, S. 1988. Purification and properities of a lectin from the fruit bodies of Flammulina velutipes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52(6): 1485–1493.
  • Yesilada, U., Unyayar, A., and Flskin, K. 1991. Determination of the laccase and peroxidase enzyme activities of Coriolus versicolor in the vinasse medium Doga. Turk Biyol. Innonu Univ. 15(2): 152–157.
  • Yoshida, H. and Hoshino, T. 1992. 51-Nucleotide compositions of the fruit bodies twenty-nine species of higher fungi in Switzerland. Tochikawa Tandai Koyo 25: 67–72.
  • Yoshida, H., Sugahara, T., and Hayoshi, J. 1984. Free sugars and free sugar alcohols of mushrooms. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 31: 765.
  • Yoshida, H., Sugahara, T., and Hayashi, J. 1986. Changes in carbohydrates and organic acids during development of mycelium and fruit bodies of hiratake mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkishi 33: 519.
  • Yoshida, H., Sugahara, T., and Hayashi, J. 1987a. Changes in the contents of carbohydrates and organic acids during development of mycelia and fruit bodies of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes). Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 34(5): 274–281.
  • Yoshida, H., Sugahara, T., and Hayashi, J. 1987b. Changes int he contents of carbohydrates and organic acids in fruit bodies of hiratake mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) during development and postharvest storage. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 34(5): 288–297.
  • Yoshida, S., Muramatsu, Y., and Ogawa, M. 1994. Radiocesium concentrations in mushrooms collected in Japan. J. Environ. Radioact. 22(2): 141–154.
  • Yoshida, H. and Fujimoto, S. 1994. The chemical components in fruit bodies of Lyophyllum shimeji (Honshimeji mushroom) grown on artificial bed-blocks. Nippon Shokkuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi. 41(12): 904–907.
  • Yoshida, S., Watanabe, T., Honda, Y., and Kuwahara, M. 1996. Reaction of chemically modified lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in water miscible organic solvents. Biosci Biotech. Biochem. 60(11): 1805–1809.
  • Yoshihara, K., Kamijima, H., and Akamatsu, I. 1987. Effect of urea on lignin degradation by Coriolus hirsutus. Mokuzai Gakkaishi. 33(1): 61–70.
  • Yoshihara, K., Umezawa, T., Higuclii, T., and Nishiyama, M. 1988. Degradation of a non-phenolic D-o–4 lignin substructure model compound by Coriolus hirsutus. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52(9): 2345–2346.
  • Yoshihara, K., Kamishima, H., Nishiyama, M., and Akamatsu, I. 1989. Production of ligninolytic enzymes and degradation of proto-lignin by compatible monokaryons of Coriolus hirsutus. Mokuzai Gakkaishi. 35(12): 1125–1130.
  • Yoshikawa, M. 1988. Chitosan oligomer as inducer for mushroom fruiting body. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 01211508 (89211508) (IPC A01n–043/16), 24 Aug. 1989, Appl. 88/35544, 18 Feb. 1988, 3pp.
  • Yokokawa, H. and Mitsuhashi, T. 1981. The sterol composition of mushrooms. Phytochemistry 20: 1349.
  • Yokokawa, H. and Takahashi, Y. 1990. Contents of vitamin D2 in edible mushrooms. Tachikawa Tandai Kiyo. 23: 35–38.
  • Yoshikumi, C., Fujii, T., Fujii, M., Ohara, M., Kobayashi, A., and Akatsu, I. 1986. Polysaccharide pharamceutical compositions and their use. U.S. U.S. 4611733 (Cl. 514803, 19 Jan. 1978, 20 pp. Cont. in Part of U.S. Ser. No. 336, 263 abandoned.
  • Yoshimoto, T., Sattar, A., Abdus, K. M. Hirose, W., and Tsuru, D. 1988. Studies on prolyl endopeptidase from shakshimeji (Lyophyllum cinereascenes): purification and enzymic properties. J. Biochem. 104(4): 622–627. ’
  • Yoshimoto, T., Tsuru, O., and Kato, I. 1989. Proline specific peptidase manufactured with basidiomycetes. Jpn. Kokkai Tokkyo Koho Jp. 01291795 (89291795) (IPC C12N–009/58), 24 Nov. 1989, Appl. 88/121472, 18 May 1988, 4 pp.
  • Yoshimoto, T., Ee, K. E., Abudasu, S., and Tsuru, O. 1991. Proline iminopeptidase and its manufacture with mushrooms. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. Jp. 03108483 (91108483) (IPC C12N–009/48), 8 May 1991. Appl. 89/245016, 22 Sept. 1989, 6 pp.
  • Yoshiyama, M. and Itoh, Y. 1994. Polyphenol oxidase production in a jar fennentor by Coriolus versicolor. J. Ferment Bioeng. 78(2): 188–190.
  • Youn H. D., Kim., K. J. Maeng, J. S., Han, Y. H., Jeong, I. B., Jeong, G. Kang, S. O., and Hah, Y. C. 1995. Single electron transfer by an extracellular laccase from the white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Microbiology (U.K.) 141(2): 393–399.
  • Zadrazil, F. and Puniya, A. K. 1994. Influence of carbon dioxide on lignin degradation and digestibility of lignocellulosics treated with Pleurotus sajor-caju. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrd. 33(3): 237–244.
  • Zagrodzki, P., Mietelski, J. W., Kroniak, M., and Petelenz, B. 1994. Acummulation of cesium and radiocesium in forest litter in selected regions of Poland and its influence on litter to mushroom transfer factor. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 43–45. 273–277.
  • Zakia Bano, 1967. Studies on mushrooms with particular reference to cultivation and submerged propagation of Pleurotus flabellatus. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Mysore, India.
  • Zakia Bano, Rajarathnam, S., and Muthu, M. 1981. Use of ethyl formate in controlling the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii during cultivation of Pleurotus species. Mushroom Sci. XI(2): 541–549.
  • Zakia Bano, Nagaraja, K. V., Vibhakar, S., and kapur, O. P. 1981. Mineral and heavy metal contents in the sporophores of Pleurotus species. Mushroom Newsl. Trop. 2(2): 3.
  • Zakia Bano and Rajarathnam, S. 1982. Pleurotus mushroom as a nutritious food. In: Tropical Mushrooms. Biological Nature and Cultivation Methods. Chang, S. T. and Quimio, T. H., Eds., The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong. pp. 363–380.
  • Zakia Bano and Rajarathnam, S. 1986. Vitamin values of Pleurotus mushrooms. Oual. Plant Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 36: 11–15.
  • Zakia Bano and Rajarathnam, S. 1988. Pleurotus mushrooms. Part II. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value, Post Harvest Physiology, Preservation, and Role of Human Food. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 27(2): 87–158.
  • Zakia Bano and Rajarathnam, S. 1989. Bioconversion of straw by oyster mushroom. Fibrous Crop Residues as Animal Feed, ICAR (India) 57–65.
  • Zakia Bano and Rajarathnam, S. 1994. Mushrooms — Human nutrition and health. In: Microbes for Better Living. MICON 94, 35th AMI Cong., 9–12 Nov. 1994. pp. 395–399.
  • Zakia Bano, Rajarathnam, S., and Shashirekha, M. N. 1992. Mushrooms — The unconventional single cell protein for a conventional consumption. India Food Packer 46(6): 20–31.
  • Zakia Bano, Shashirekha, M. N., and Rajarathnam, S. 1993. Improvement of the bioconversion and biotransfonnation efficiencies of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) by supplementation of its rice straw substrate with oil seed cakes. Enz. Microb. Tech. 15: 985–989.
  • Zakia Bano, Ghosh, P. K., Rajarathnam, S., and Shashirekha, M. N. 1996. Biotransfonnation efficiencies of Ligno-cellulose wastes by mushroom in solid state fermentation. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 55: 400–407.
  • Zakia Bano, Rajarathnam, S., and Narasimhamurthy, K. 1986. Studies on the fitness of ‘spent straw’ obtained during cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju for safe consumption as cattle feed. Mushroom New Letter for the Tropics. (Hong Kong) 5(3): 11–16.
  • Zeddel, A., Majcherczyk, A., and Huettennann, A. 1994. Degradation and mineralization of polychlorinated biphenyls by white-rot fungi in solidphase and soil incubation experiments. In: Bioremediation chlorinated polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon compound. Hinchee, R. E., Ed., 436–440. Lewis, Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Zervakis, G., Souridis, J., and Balis, C. 1994. Genetic variability and systematics of eleven Pleurotus species based on isozyme analysis. Mycol. Res. 98(3): 329–341.
  • Zhang, M. and Faming, Z. 1992. Extraction of polysaccharide from stems of fresh mushroom for food. Sheuging Gongkai Shuomingushu, CN 1,061,976 (Cl. C08837/00) 17 June 1992 Appl. 91,108,071, 31 Oct. 1991. 3 pp.
  • Zhao, C., Yang, Y., Li, H., Zheng, X., Yang, F., and Li, Q. 1988. Study on the inhibition of solid fonn of S-180 by water soluble polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Huaxi Yike Daxue Xuebao 19(2): 146–149.
  • Zheng, C., Qian, X., Wang, H., Fu, T., and Ou, H. 1988. Determination of theta composition of polysaccharide of Lentinus edodes and Polystictus versicolor via cloud point titrations. Gaofenzi Xuebao 3: 227–229.
  • Zhu, Q., Dai, R., and Zhang, W. 1988. Detennination of components and molar ratio of polysaccharides from fennentation solution of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr. Zhongyao Tongbao. 13(9): 54–55.
  • Zhung, C, Mizune, T., Ito, H., Shimura, K., Sumiya, T., and Kawade, M. 1994. Antitumor activity and immunological property of polysaccharides from the mycelium of liquid cultured Grifola frondosa. Nippen Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 41(10): 724–734.
  • Zikakis, J. P. and Castle, J. E. 1988. Chitinasechitoblase from Soyabean seed and puff balls. Methods Enzymol. 161. (Biomass Pt. B) pp. 490–497.
  • Ziomek, E., Kirkpatrick, N., and Reid, I.D. 1991. Effect of polydimethylsiloxane oxygen carriers on the biological bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp by Trametes versicolor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35(5): 669–673.
  • Zolotarev, F. N., Golovina, G. I., and Slvochub, O. A. 1990. Degradation of lignin by basidimoycetes. Mikol. Fitopatol. 24(1): 38–44.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.