505
Views
81
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Food-Derived Carbohydrates — Structural Complexity and Functional Diversity

Pages 65-84 | Published online: 29 Sep 2008

REFERENCES

  • Tharanathan, R.N., Muralikrishna, G., Salimath, P.V., and Raghavendra Rao, M.R., Plant carbohydrates—an overview, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.), 97, 81–155, 1987.
  • Asp, N.G., Classification and methodology of food carbohydrates as related to nutritional effects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 61, 930S–937S, 1995.
  • Cummings, J.H. and Englyst, H.N. Gastrointestinal effects of food carbohydrates, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 61, 938S–945S, 1995.
  • Oates, C.G., Toward an understanding of starch granule structure and hydrolysis, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 8, 375–382, 1997.
  • Manners, D.J., Recent developments in our understanding of amylopectin structure, Carbohydr. Polym., 11, 87–112,1989.
  • Takeda, C., Takeda, Y., and Hizukuri, S., Structure of amylomaize amylose, Cereal Chem., 66, 22–25, 1989.
  • Zobel, H.F., Molecules to granules—a comprehensive starch review, Staerke, 40, 44–50, 1988.
  • Oostergetel, G.T. and Van Bruggen, E.F.J., On the origin of a low-angle spacing in starch, Staerke, 41, 331–335, 1989.
  • Morrison, W.R., Law, R.V., and Suape, C.E., Evidence for inclusion complexes of lipids with V-amylose in maize, rice and oat starches, J. Cereal Sci., 18, 107–109, 1993.
  • Morrison, W.R., Tester, R.F., Gidley, M.J., and Karkalas, J., Resistance to acid hydrolysis of lipid-complexed amylose and lipid-free amylose in lintnerised waxy and non-waxy barley starches, Carbohydr. Res., 245, 289–302, 1993.
  • Imberty, A., Buleon, A., Tran, V., and Perez, S., Recent advances in knowledge of starch structure, Staerke, 43, 375–384, 1991.
  • Imberty, A. and Perez, S., A revisit to the threedimensional structure of B-amylose, Biopolymers, 27, 1205–1221, 1988.
  • Sarko, A. and Wu, H.C.H., The crystal structures of A-, B-, and C-polymorphs of amylose and starch, Staerke, 30, 73–77, 1978.
  • Zobel, H.F., Starch crystal transformations and their industrial importance, Staerke, 40, 1–7, 1988.
  • Takeda, Y., Takeda, C., Suzuki, A., and Hizukuri, S., Structures and properties of sago starches with low and high viscosities on amylography, J. Food Sci., 54, 177–182, 1989.
  • Evans, Z.D. and Haisman, D.R., The effect of solutes on the gelatinization temperature range of potato starch, Staerke, 34, 224–231, 1982.
  • Eliasson, A.C., Differential scanning calorimetry studies on wheat starch–gluten mixtures, J. Cereal Sci., 1, 207–213, 1983.
  • Levine, I.N. (Ed.), in Solids and Liquids, Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, New York, 1983, 827.
  • Noel, T.R. and Hoseney, R.C., A study of the heat capacity of starch–water mixtures, Carbohydr. Res., 227, 203–213, 1992.
  • Zeleznak, K.J. and Hoseney, R.C., The glass transition in starch, Cereal Chem., 64, 121–124, 1987.
  • Morris, V.J., Starch gelation and retrogradation, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 1, 2–6, 1990.
  • Atwell, W.A., Hood, L.F., Lineback, D.R., Varriano-Marston, E., and Zobel, H.F., The terminology and methodology associated with basic starch phenomena, Cereal Foods World, 33, 306–311, 1988.
  • Biliaderis, C.G., Maurice, T.J., and Vose, J.R., Starch gelatinization phenomena studied by differential scanning calorimetry, J. Food Sci., 45, 1669–1674, 1980.
  • Biliaderis, C.G., Page, C.M., Maurice, T.J., and Juliano, B.O., Thermal characterization of rice starches — a polymeric approach to phase transitions of granular starch, J. Agric. Food Chem., 34, 6–14, 1986.
  • Oosten, B.J., Tentative hypothesis to explain how electrolytes affect the gelatinization temperature of starches in water, Staerke, 34, 233–239, 1982.
  • Shiotsubo, T. and Takahashi, K., Changes is enthalpy and heat capacity associated with the gelatinization of potato starch, as evaluated from isothermal calorimetry, Carbohydr. Res., 158, 1–6, 1986.
  • Eliasson, A.C., Larsson, K., Anderson, S., Hyde, S.T., Nesper, R., and von Schnering, H.G., On the structure of native starch-an analogue to the quartz structure, Staerke, 39, 147–152, 1987.
  • Biliaderis, C.G., Structures and phase transitions of starch in food systems, Food Technol., 46, 98–109, 1992.
  • Matsukura, U., Matsunaga, A., and Kainuma, K., Structural studies on retrograded normal and waxy corn starches, J. Jpn. Soc. Starch Sci, 30, 106–113, 1983.
  • Matsunaga, A. and Kainuma, K., Studies on the retrogradation of starch in starchy foods, Staerke, 38, 1–6, 1986.
  • Throne, M.J., Thompson, L.U., and Jenkins D.J.A, Factors affecting starch digestibility and the glycemic response with special reference to legumes, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 38, 481–488, 1983.
  • Wong, S. and O’Dea, K., Importance of physical form rather than viscosity in determining the rate of starch hydrolysis in legumes, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 37, 66–70, 1983.
  • Würsch, P., Del Vedevo, S., and Koellreutter, B., Cell structure and starch nature as key determinants of the digestion rate of starch in legumes, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, 25–29, 1986.
  • Holm, J., Bjorck, I., Ostrowska, S., Eliasson, A.C., Asp, N.G., Larsson, K., and Lundquist, I., Digestibility of amylose–lipid complexes in vitro and in vivo, Staerke, 35, 294–297, 1983.
  • Shainkin, R. and Birk, Y., α-Amylase inhibitors from wheat-isolation and characterization, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 221, 502–513, 1970.
  • George Dunaif, M.S. and Schneeman, B.O., The effect of dietary fiber on human pancreatic enzyme activity in rats, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 34, 1034–1041, 1981.
  • Read, N.W., Welch, I.M., Austin, C.J., Barnish C., Bartlett, C.E., Baxter, A.J. Brown, G., Compton, M.E., Hume, K.E., Storie, I., and Worlding, A., Swallowing food without chewing — a simple way to reduce postprandial glycaemia, Br. J. Nutr., 55, 43–47, 1986.
  • Tharanathan, R.N., Starch–the polysaccharide of high abundance and usefulness, J. Sci. Indus. Res., 54, 452–458, 1995.
  • Cummings, J.H., Production and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in humans, in Short Chain Fatty Acids—Metabolism and Clinical Importance, Silvermann, E. (Ed.), Ross Lab., Columbus, 1991.
  • Englyst, H.N., Trowell, M.D., Southgate, D.A.T., and Cummings, J.H., Dietary fiber and resistant starch, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 46, 873–874, 1987.
  • Englyst, H., Wiggins, H.S., and Cummings, J.H., Determination of the non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates, Analyst, 107, 307–318, 1982.
  • Siljestrom, M. and Asp, N.G., Resistant starch formation during baking — effect of baking time and temperature and variations in the recipe, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 181, 4–8, 1985.
  • Englyst, H.N. and Cummings, J.H., Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas–liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates, Analyst, 109, 937–942, 1984.
  • Englyst, H.N. and Cummings, J.H., Digestion of polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, 423–431, 1987.
  • Anon., Complex carbohydrates — the science and the label — special report, Nutr. Rev., 53, 186–193, 1995.
  • Shetty, P.S. and Kurpad, A.V., Increasing starch intake in the human diet increases faecal bulking, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, 210–212, 1986.
  • Muir, J.G., Young. G.P., O’ Dea, K., Smith, D.C., Brown, I.L., and Collier, G.R., Resistant starch — the neglected dietary fibre? Implications for health, Dietary Fiber Bibliogr. Rev., 1, 33–71, 1993.
  • Pomare, E.W., Branch, J., and Cummings, J.H., Carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon and its relation to acetate concentrations in venous bood, J. Clin. Invest., 75, 1448–1454, 1985.
  • Weaver, G.A., Krause, J.A., Miller, T.L., and Wolin, M.J., Corn starch fermentation by the colonic microbial community yields more butyrate than does cabbage fiber fermentation, corn starch fermentation rates correlate negatively with methanogenesis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 55, 70–77, 1992.
  • Mathers, J.C., Energy value of resistant starch, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 46, S129–S130, 1992.
  • Roediger, W.E.W., Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon, Gastroenterology, 83, 424–429, 1982.
  • Whitehead, R.H., Young, G.P., and Bhatal, P.S., Effects of short chain fatty acids on a new human colon carcinoma cell line — LIM 1215, Gut, 27, 1457–1462, 1986.
  • Mathers, J.C. and Dawson, L.D., Large bowel fermentation in rats eating processed potatoes, Br. J. Nutr., 66, 313–329, 1991.
  • Lin, H.C. and Visek, W.J., Large intestinal pH and ammonia in rats–dietary fat and protein interactions, J. Nutr., 121, 832–843, 1991.
  • Slaga, T.J., Inhibition of skin tumor initiation, promotion and progression by antioxidants and related compounds, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 35, 51–57, 1995.
  • Bryan, G.T., The role of urinary tryptophan metabolites in the etiology of bladder cancer, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 24, 841–847, 1971.
  • Bone, E., Tamm, A., and Hill, M., The production of urinary phenols by gut bacteria and their possible role in the causation of a large bowel cancer, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 29, 1448–1454, 1976.
  • Vince, A.J., McNeil, N.I., Wager, J.D., and Wrong, O.M., The effect of lactulose, pectin, arabinogalactan and cellulose on the production of organic acids and metabolism of ammonia by intestinal bacteria in a faecal incubation system, Br. J. Nutr., 63, 17–26, 1990.
  • Englyst, H.N. and Cummings, J.H., Digestion of the polysaccharides of some cereal foods in the human small intestine, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 42, 778–787, 1985.
  • Englyst, H.N., Kingman, S.M., and Cummings, J.H., Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch frations, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 46, S33–S50, 1992.
  • Hoverstad, T., Studies of short chain fatty acid absorption in man, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 21, 257–260, 1986.
  • Englyst, H.N. and Cummings, J.H., in Cereals in a European Context, Morton, I.D. (Ed.), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1987, 221.
  • Trowell, H., Southgate, D.A.T., Wolever, T.M.S., Leeds, A.R., Gassull, M.A., and Jenkins, D.J.A, Dietary fibre redefined, Lancet, 1, 967, 1976.
  • Rombeau, J.L. and Roth, J.A., Short chain fatty acids — research and clinical updates, in Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease, Kritchevsky, D. and Bonfield, C. (Eds.), Eagan Press, Minnesota, 1995, 441–449.
  • Roediger, W.E.W., Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man, Gut, 21, 793–798, 1980.
  • Jacobs, L., in The Role of Dietary Fiber in Enteral Nutrition, Cummings, J.H. (Ed.), Abbott International Ltd., 1989.
  • Chapman, R.W., Sillery, J.K., Graham, M.M., and Saunders, D.R., Absorption of starch by healthy ileostomatis: effect of transit time and of carbohydrate load, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41, 1244–1248, 1985.
  • Tomlin, J. and Read, N.W., The effect of resistant starch on colon function in humans, Br. J. Nutr., 64, 589–595, 1990.
  • Mangala, S.L., Ramesh, H.P., Udayasankar, K., and Tharanathan, R.N., Resistant starch derived from processed ragi (finger millet, Eleusine coracana) flour: structural characterization, Food Chem., 64, 475–479, 1999.
  • Mangala, S.L., Malleshi, N.G., Mahadevamma, and Tharanathan, R.N., Resistant starch from differently processed rice and ragi (finger millet), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 209, 32–37, 1999.
  • Mangala, S.L. and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural studies of resistant starch derived from processed (autoclaved) rice, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 209, 38–42, 1999.
  • Mangala, S.L., Udayasankar, K., and Tharanathan, R.N., Resistant starch from processed cereals — the influence of amylopectin and non-carbohydrate constituents in its formation, Food Chem., 64, 391–396, 1999.
  • Madhusudhan, B. and Tharanathan, R.N., Legume and cereal starches—why differences in digestibility? Part 1. isolation and composition of legume (greengram and Bengalgram) starches, Staerke, 47, 165–171, 1995.
  • Madhusudhan, B. and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural studies of linear and branched fractions of chick pea and finger millet starches, Carbohydr. Res., 284, 101–109, 1996.
  • Mahadevamma and Tharanathan, R.N., Resistant starch in processed legumes–effect of additives on resistant starch formation during the cooking of red gram (Cajanus cajan) dhal, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., communicated.
  • Aldoori, W.H., Giovannucci, E.L., Rockett, H.R.H., Sampson, L., Rimm, E.B., and Willett, W.C., A prospective study of dietary fiber types and symptomatic diverticular disease in man, J. Nutr., 128, 714–719, 1998.
  • Spiller, G.A. (Ed.), CRC Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1992.
  • James, W.P.T., Branch, W.J., and Southgate, D.A.T., Calcium binding by dietary fiber, Lancet, 1, 638–639, 1978.
  • Robertson, J., Brydon, W.G., Tadesse, K., Wenham, P., Walls, A., and Eastwood, M.A., The effect of raw carrot on serum lipids and colon function, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 32, 1889–1892, 1979.
  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., and Story, J.A., Non-nutritive fiber and lipid metabolism, J. Food Sci., 40, 8–11, 1975.
  • Kritchevsky, D. and Story, J.A., Binding of bile salts in vitro by nonnutritive fiber, J. Nutr., 104, 458–462, 1974.
  • Topping, D.L., Gooden, J.M., Brown, I.L., Biebrick, D.A., McGrath, L., Trimble, R.P., Choct, M., and Illman, R.J., A high amylose (amylomaize) starch raises proximal large bowel starch and increases colon length in pigs, J. Nutr., 127, 615–622, 1997
  • Campbell, J.M., Fahey, G.C., Jr., and Wolf, B.W., Selected indigestible oligosaccharides affect large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short chain fatty acids, pH and microflora in rats, J. Nutr., 127, 130–136, 1997.
  • Mayer, H., Tharanathan, R.N., and Weckesser, J., Analysis of lipopolysaccharides of Gramnegative bacteria, Methods Microbiol., 18, 157–207, 1985.
  • Anjaneyalu, Y.V., Khan, M.R, and Tharanathan, R.N., An acidic xylan from the capsular polysaccharide complex of Ocimum gratissimum seeds, Carbohydr. Res., 116, 83–88, 1983.
  • Tharanathan, R.N., Ramadas Bhat, U., Muralikrishna, G., and Paramahans, S.V., Structural features of an L-arabinan derived from mustard seed meal, Phytochemistry, 24, 2722–2723, 1985.
  • Muralikrishna, G. and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural features of an arabinan from cowpea (Vigna sinensis), Food Chem., 22, 245–250, 1986.
  • Shelton, D.R. and D’Appolonia, B.L., Carbohydrate functionality in the baking process, Cereal Foods World, 30, 437–442, 1985.
  • Neukom, H. and Markwalder, H.U., Oxidative gelation of wheat flour pentosans — a new way of crosslinking polymers, Cereal Foods World, 23, 374–375, 1978.
  • Iiyama, K., Lam, T.T., and Stone, B.A., Covalent crosslinks in the cell wall, Plant Physiol., 104, 315–320, 1994.
  • Painter, T.J. and Neukom, H., The mechanism of oxidative gelation of a glycoprotein from wheat flour — evidence from a model system based upon caffeic acid, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 158, 363–381, 1968.
  • Fry, S.C., Phenolic constituents of the primary cell wall. Feruloylated disaccharides of d-galactose and l-arabinose from spinach polysaccharide, Biochem. J., 203, 493–504, 1982.
  • Fry, S.C. and Street, H.E., Gibberellin–sensitive suspension cultures, Plant Physiol., 65, 472–477, 1980.
  • Jackson, G.M. and Hoseney, R.C., Effect of endogenous phenolic acids on the mixing properties of wheat flour doughs, J. Cereal Sci., 4, 79–85, 1986.
  • Davidek, J., Velisek, J., and Pokorny, J., in Chemical Changes during Food Processing, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990.
  • Martens, M., Ruysschaert, M.C., Hanselaer, R., Cooman, L.D., Casteele, K.V., and Van Sumere, F., N-Feruloylglycine amidohydrolase from barley seeds and isolated barley embryos, Phytochemistry, 27, 2457–2463, 1988.
  • Bacic, A. and Stone, B.A., Isolation and ultrastructure of aleurone cell walls from wheat and barley, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 8, 453–474, 1981.
  • Wankhede, D.B., Raghavendra Rao, M.R., and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural investigations on two hemicellulosic polysaccharides from groudnut (Arachis hypogea) seed endosperm, Carbohydr. Res., 74, 207–215, 1979.
  • Balance, G.M. and Manners, D.G., Structural analysis and enzymic solubilization of barley endosperm cellwalls, Carbohydr. Res., 61, 107–118, 1978.
  • Salimath, P.V. and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural features of two amyloids from the hemicellulosic fraction of field bean (Dolichos lablab) hulls, Carbohydr. Res., 107, 103–109, 1982.
  • Salimath, P.V. and Tharanathan, R.N., Primary structure of two arabinogalactans from the water-soluble polysaccharides of field bean (Dolichos lablab) hulls, Carbohydr. Res., 104, 341–347, 1982.
  • Salimath, P.V. and Tharanathan, R.N., Structural features of two pectic fractions from field bean (Dolichos lablab) hulls, Carbohydr. Res., 106, 251–257, 1982.
  • Clarke, A.E., Anderson, R.L., and Stone, B.A., Form and function of arabinogalactans and arabinogalactan-proteins, Phytochemistry, 18, 521 –540, 1979.
  • El Faki, H.A., Bhavanishankar, T.N., Tharanathan, R.N., and Desikachar, H.S.R., Flatus effect of chick pea (Cicer arietinum), cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and horse gram (Dolichos biflorus) and their isolated carbohydrate fractions, Nutr. Rep. Inter., 27, 921–929, 1983.
  • El Faki, H.A., Bhavanishankar, T.N., Venkataraman, L.V., Tharanathan, R.N. and Desikachar, H.S.R., Presence of an inhibitory factor to gas production by Clostridium perfringens in husks of chick pea (Cicer arietinum), cow pea (Vigna Sinensis) and horse gram (Dolichos biflorus), J. Food Sci. Technol., 21, 259–261, 1984.
  • Ramadas Bhat, U., Salimath, P.V., and Tharanathan, R.N., A mucilaginous acidic polysaccharide from black gram (Phaseolus mungo): structure-function characteristics, Carbohydr. Res., 161, 161–166, 1987.
  • Tharanathan, R.N., Changala Reddy, G., Muralikrishna, G., Susheelamma, N.S., and Ramadas Bhat, U., Structure of a galactoarabinanrich pectic polysaccharide of native and fermented blackgram (Phaseolus mungo), Carbohydr. Polym., 23, 121–127, 1994.
  • Changala Reddy, G., Susheelamma, N.S., and Tharanathan, R.N., Composition and properties of mucilaginous polysaccharide from native and fermented black gram flour, Carbohydr. Polym., 12, 189–202, 1990.
  • Muralikrishna, G., Tharanathan, R.N., and Ramadas Bhat, U., Heterogeneity and structural investigation of galactomannans isolated from the seeds of Cassia sericea, Carbohydr. Res., 182, 119–125, 1988.
  • Priya Sethu, K.M., Prabha, T.N., and Tharanathan, R.N., Post–harvest biochemical changes associated with the softening phenomenon in Capsicum annuum fruits, Phytochemistry, 42, 961–966, 1996.
  • Prabha, T.N., Bhagyalakshmi, N., and Tharanathan, R.N., Carbohydrate changes in ripening Capsicum annuum in relation to textural degradation, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 206, 121–125, 1998.
  • Muralikrishna, G. and Tharanathan R.N., Characterization of pectic polysaccharides from pulse husks, Food Chem., 50, 87–89, 1994.
  • Tharanathan, R.N., Polysaccharide gums of industrial importance — a review, J. Sci. Indus. Res., 54, 512–523, 1995.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.