Risk Factors for Forced Migrant Flight

REFERENCES

• Adelman , H. 1998 . “ Defining humanitarian early warning ” . In Early Warning and Early Response , Edited by: Schmeidl , S. and Adelman , H. Columbia International Affairs Online . http://www.ciaonet.org/book/schmeidl/schmeidl01.html
   Google Scholar
• Apodaca , C. 1998 . Human rights abuses: Precursor to refugee flight? . Journal of Refugee Studies , 11 ( 1 ) : 80 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Banks , A. S. Cross-national times series data archive http://www.databanks. sitehosting.net/www/main.htm available online, nd. Accessed February 2002
   Google Scholar
• Beck Neal Katz , J. N. and Tucker , R. 1998 . Taking time seriously: Time-series-cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable . American Journal of Political Science , 42 : 1260 – 1288 . October
   Google Scholar
• Cingranelli , D. L. and Richards , D. L. 1999 . Measuring the level, pattern, and sequence of government respect for physical integrity rights . International Studies Quarterly , 43 ( 2 ) : 407 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cingranelli , D. L. and Richards , D. L. Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) human rights database http://ciri.binghamton.edu available online, nd. Accessed September 2005
   Google Scholar
• Collier , P. , Hoeffler , A. and Söderbom , M. 2004 . On the duration of civil war . Journal of Peace Research , 41 : 253 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , J. L. and Gurr , T. R. 1998 . Preventive measures: Building risk assessment and crisis early warning systems , Lanham, MD : Rowman and Littlefeld .
   Google Scholar
• Davenport , C. 1995 . Multi-dimensional threat perception and state repression: An inquiry into why states apply negative sanctions . American Journal of Political Science , 39 ( 3 ) : 683 – 713 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport , C. A. , Moore , W. H. and Poe , S. C. 2003 . Sometimes you just have to leave: Domestic threats and forced migration, 1964–1989 . International Interactions , 29 : 27 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , J. L. and Gurr , T. R. 1998 . Preventive measures: Building risk assessment and crisis early warning systems , Oxford : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Esty , D. , Goldstone , J. , Gurr , T. R. , Harff , B. , Levy , M. , Dabelko , G. , Surka , P. and Under , A. 1998 . State failure task report: Phase II finding , McLean, VA : Science Applications International Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Fearon , J. D. 2004 . Why do some civil wars last so much longer than others? . Journal of Peace Research , 41 : 275 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon , J. D. and Laitin , D. D. 2003 . Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war . American Political Science Review , 97 ( 1 ) : 75 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fein , H. 1993 . Accounting for genocide after 1945: Theories and some findings . International Journal on Group Rights , 1 ( 2 ) : 79 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibney , M. , Apodaca , C. and McCann , J. 1996 . “ Refugee flows, the internally displaced and political violence (1980–1993): An exploratory analysis ” . In Whither refugee? The refugee crisis: Problems and solutions , Edited by: Schmid , A. P. Leiden, , the Netherlands : PIOOM .
   Google Scholar
• Gibney , M. and Dalton , M. 1996 . The political terror scale . Policy Studies and Developing Nations , 4 : 73 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Greene , W. H. 2003 . Econometric analysis , 5th edition. Prentice Hall : New Jersey .
   Google Scholar
• Gurr , T. R. 1994 . Peoples against states: Ethnopolitical conflict and the changing world system . International Studies Quarterly , 38 : 347 – 377 . (Fall)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harff , B. 2003 . No lessons learned from the Holocaust? Assessing risks of genocide and political mass murder since 1995 . American Political Science Review , 97 ( 1 ) : 57 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harff , B. and Gurr , T. R. 1988 . Toward empirical theory of genocides and politicides: Identification and measurement of cases since 1945 . International Studies Quarterly , 32 ( 3 ) : 359 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harff , B. and Gurr , T. R. 1998 . Systematic early warning of humanitarian emergencies . Journal of Peace Research , 35 ( 5 ) : 551 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaggers , K. and Gurr , T. R. 1995 . Tracking democracy's third wave with the Polity III data . Journal of Peace Research , 32 ( 4 ) : 469 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , J. C. 1983 . Resource mobilization theory and the study of social movements . Annual Review of Sociology , 9 : 527 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , J. C. and Bond , D. 2001 . Conflict-carrying capacity, political crisis, and reconstruction: A framework for the early warning of political system vulnerability . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 45 ( 1 ) : 3 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• King , G. and Zeng , L. 2001a . Explaining rare events in international relations . International Organization , 55 ( 3 ) : 693 – 715 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , G. and Zeng , L. 2001b . Logistic regression in rare events data . Political Analysis , 9 ( 2 ) : 137 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Krain , M. 1997 . State-sponsored mass murder . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 41 ( 3 ) : 311 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Larrabee , F. S. 1992 . Down and out in Warsaw and Budapest: Eastern Europe and east-west migration . International Security , 15 : 5 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Licklider , R. 1995 . The consequences of negotiated settlements in civil wars, 1945–1993 . American Political Science Review , 89 ( 3 ) : 681 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , W. H. 2000 . The repression of dissent: A substitution model of government coercion . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 44 ( 1 ) : 107 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , W. H. and Shellman , S. M. 2004 . Fear of persecution: Forced migration, 1952–95 . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 48 ( 5 ) : 723 – 745 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumayer , E. 2005 . Bogus refugees? The determinants of asylum migration to western Europe . International Studies Quarterly , 49 ( 3 ) : 389 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newland , K. 1993 . Ethnic conflict and refugees . Survival , 35 : 81 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Rummel , R. J. 1995 . Democracy, power, genocide and mass murder . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 39 ( 1 ) : 3 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusu , S. 1998 . “ Early warning and information: The role of ReliefWeb ” . In Early warning and early response Edited by: Schmeidl , S. and Adelman , H. http://www.ciaonet.org/book/schmeidl/schmeidl05.html Columbia International Affairs Online
   Google Scholar
• Sarkees , M. R. 2000 . The Correlates of War data on war: An update to 1997 . Conflict Management and Peace Science , 18 ( 1 ) : 123 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeidl , S. 1997 . Exploring the causes of forced migration: A pooled analysis, 1971–1990 . Social Science Quarterly , 78 ( 2 ) : 284 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeidl , S. and Jenkins , J. C. 1998 . The early warning of humanitarian disasters: Problems in building an early warning system . International Migration Review , 32 ( 2 ) : 471 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeidl , S. and Adelman , H. 1998 . Early warning and early response http://www.ciaonet.org/book/schmeidl/ Columbia International Affairs Online
   Google Scholar
• Shellman , S. M. and Stewart , B. 2007 . Political persecution or economic deprivation? A time-series analysis of Haitian exodus, 1990–2004 . Conflict Management and Peace Science , 24 ( 2 ) : 123 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Tellis , A. J. , Szayna , T. S. and Winnefeld , J. A. 1997 . Anticipating ethnic conflict , Santa Monica, CA : RAND .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles . 1978 . From mobilization to revolution , Reading, PA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR mission statement http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/basics UNHCR. n.d. Accessed 5 March 2005
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR . 1996 . Contingency planning guidelines: A practical guide for field staff , Geneva : Divisoin of Operation Support . http://www.the-ecentre.net/resources/e-library/doc/2-CNTPLN.PDF Available at Accessed 11 March 2005
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR . 2004 . Refugees by numbers, , 2004 edition http://www.unhcr.ch. Available at Accessed 27 September 2005
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR . 2005 . Chad/Darfur emergency http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/chad?page=intro Accessed 27 September 2005
   Google Scholar
• United States Mission to the United Nations . 1996 . Global humanitarian emergencies, 1996 , New York : ECOSOC section, United States Mission to the UN .
   Google Scholar
• Väyrynen , R. 1996 . The age of humanitarian emergencies , Helsinki : UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research . Research for Action (25)
   Google Scholar
• Williams , T. 1947/1989 . A streetcar named desire , Signet Books .
   Google Scholar
• WHO . Mortality Projects for Darfur http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/briefings/2004/mb5/en/ Accessed 5 March 2005
   Google Scholar
• Zolberg , A. R. , Suhrke , A. and Augayo , S. 1989 . Escape from violence: Conflict and the refugee crisis in the developing world , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar