293
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Insights into unbound–bound states of GPR142 receptor in a membrane-aqueous system using molecular dynamics simulations

&
Pages 1788-1805 | Received 13 Aug 2016, Accepted 19 May 2017, Published online: 22 Jun 2017

References

  • Ahrén, B. (2009). Islet G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , 8 , 369–385. doi:10.1038/nrd2782
  • Altschul, S. F. , Gish, W. , Miller, W. , Myers, E. W. , & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology , 215 , 403–410. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05),80360-2
  • Altschul, S. F. , Madden, T. L. , Schäffer, A. A. , Zhang, J. , Zhang, Z. , Miller, W. , & Lipman, D. J. (1997). Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research , 25 , 3389–3402. doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
  • Augeri, D. J. , Robl, J. A. , Betebenner, D. A. , Magnin, D. R. , Khanna, A. , Robertson, J. G. , … Han, S. P. (2005). Discovery and preclinical profile of Saxagliptin (BMS-477118): A highly potent, long-acting, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 48 , 5025–5037. doi:10.1021/jm050261p
  • Bagaria, A. , Jaravine, V. , Huang, Y. J. , Montelione, G. T. , & Güntert, P. (2012). Protein structure validation by generalized linear model root-mean-square deviation prediction. Protein Science , 21 , 229–238. doi:10.1002/pro.2007
  • Beneš, P. (2008). Computation and analysis of tunnels in protein molecules based on Computational geometry ( Doctoral dissertation, Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta informatiky).
  • Beneš, P. , Kozlíková, B. , Strnad, O. , Šustr, V. , Chovancová, E. , Pavelka, A. , … Damborský, J. (2010). CAVER 2.1.
  • Benkert, P. , Tosatto, S. C. , & Schomburg, D. (2008). QMEAN: A comprehensive scoring function for model quality assessment. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics , 71 , 261–277. doi:10.1002/prot.21715
  • Berman, H. M. , Westbrook, J. , Feng, Z. , Gilliland, G. , Bhat, T. N. , Weissig, H. , … Bourne, P. E. (2000). The protein data bank. Nucleic Acids Research , 28 , 235–242. doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.235
  • Biggin, P. C. , & Bond, P. J. (2008). Molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins. Molecular Modeling of Proteins , 443 , 147–160. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-177-2_8
  • Bowers, K. J. , Chow, D. E. , Xu, H. , Dror, R. O. , Eastwood, M. P. , Gregersen, B. A. , … Salmon, J. K. (2006). Scalable algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations on commodity clusters. In SC Conference, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE (pp. 43–43). IEEE. doi:10.1145/1188455.1188544
  • Bowie, J. U. , Luthy, R. , & Eisenberg, D. (1991). A method to identify protein sequences that fold into a known three-dimensional structure. Science , 253 , 164–170.10.1126/science.1853201
  • Choubey, S. K. , Prabhu, D. , Nachiappan, M. , Biswal, J. , & Jeyakanthan, J. (2016). Molecular modeling, dynamics studies and density functional theory approaches to identify potential inhibitors of SIRT4 protein from Homo sapiens: A novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , 1–14. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1254117
  • Civelli, O. , Saito, Y. , Wang, Z. , Nothacker, H. P. , & Reinscheid, R. K. (2006). Orphan GPCRs and their ligands. Pharmacology & Therapeutics , 110 , 525–532. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.001
  • Colovos, C. , & Yeates, T. O. (1993). Verification of protein structures: Patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions. Protein Science , 2 , 1511–1519. doi:10.1002/pro.5560020916
  • de Dios, A. C. , Pearson, J. G. , & Oldfield, E. (1993). Secondary and tertiary structural effects on protein NMR chemical shifts: An ab initio approach. Science-New York Then Washington- , 260 , 1491–1496. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1160258
  • Du, X. , Kim, Y. J. , Lai, S. , Chen, X. , Lizarzaburu, M. , Turcotte, S. , … Oda, K. (2012). Phenylalanine derivatives as GPR142 agonists for the treatment of Type II diabetes. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 22 , 6218–6223. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.015
  • Egloff, P. , Hillenbrand, M. , Klenk, C. , Batyuk, A. , Heine, P. , Balada, S. , … Plueckthun, A. (2014). Structure of signaling-competent neurotensin receptor 1 obtained by directed evolution in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 111 , E655–E662. doi:10.1073/pnas.1317903111
  • Eisenberg, D. , Lüthy, R. , & Bowie, J. U. (1997). VERIFY3D: Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles. Methods in Enzymology , 277 , 396–404. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(97),77022-8.
  • Eswar, N. , Eramian, D. , Webb, B. , Shen, M. Y. , & Sali, A. (2008). Protein structure modeling with MODELLER. Structural proteomics: high-throughput methods , 426, 145–159.10.1007/978-1-60327-058-8
  • Fagerberg, L. , Jonasson, K. , von Heijne, G. , Uhlén, M. , & Berglund, L. (2010). Prediction of the human membrane proteome. Proteomics , 10 , 1141–1149. doi:10.1002/pmic.200900258
  • Fenalti, G. , Giguere, P. M. , Katritch, V. , Huang, X. P. , Thompson, A. A. , Cherezov, V. , … Stevens, R. C. (2014). Molecular control of δ-opioid receptor signalling. Nature , 506 , 191–196. doi:10.1038/nature12944
  • Flower, D. R. (1999). Modelling G-protein-coupled receptors for drug design. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Biomembranes , 1422 :207–234. 10.1016/S0304-4157(99)00006-4
  • Friesner, R. A. , Banks, J. L. , Murphy, R. B. , Halgren, T. A. , Klicic, J. J. , Mainz, D. T. , … Shaw, D. E. (2004). Glide: A new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 1. Method and assessment of docking accuracy. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 47 , 1739–1749.10.1021/jm0306430
  • Gasteiger, E. , Hoogland, C. , Gattiker, A. , Duvaud, S. E. , Wilkins, M. R. , Appel, R. D. , & Bairoch, A. , (2005). Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server (pp. 571–607). Humana Press. doi:10.1385/1-59259-890-0:571
  • Greenwood, J. R. , Calkins, D. , Sullivan, A. P. , & Shelley, J. C. (2010). Towards the comprehensive, rapid, and accurate prediction of the favorable tautomeric states of drug-like molecules in aqueous solution. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design , 24 , 591–604. doi:10.1007/s10822-010-9349-1
  • Grotthuss, M. V. , Koczyk, G. , Pas, J. , Wyrwicz, L. S. , & Rychlewski, L. (2004). Ligand. info small-molecule meta-database. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening , 7 , 757–761. doi:10.2174/1386207043328265
  • Guo, Z. , Mohanty, U. , Noehre, J. , Sawyer, T. K. , Sherman, W. , & Krilov, G. (2010). Probing theα-helical structural stability of stapled p53 peptides: Molecular Dynamics simulations and analysis. Chemical Biology & Drug Design , 75 , 348–359. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00951
  • Guruprasad, K. , Reddy, B. B. , & Pandit, M. W. (1990). Correlation between stability of a protein and its dipeptide composition: A novel approach for predicting in vivo stability of a protein from its primary sequence. Protein Engineering , 4 , 155–161. doi:10.1093/protein/4.2.155
  • Halgren, T. (2007). New method for fast and accurate binding-site identification and analysis. Chemical Biology & Drug Design , 69 , 146–148. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00483.x
  • Halgren, T. A. (2009). Identifying and characterizing binding sites and assessing druggability. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 49 , 377–389. doi:10.1021/ci800324m
  • Halgren, T. A. , Murphy, R. B. , Friesner, R. A. , Beard, H. S. , Frye, L. L. , Pollard, W. T. , & Banks, J. L. (2004). Glide: A new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 2. Enrichment factors in database screening. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 47 , 1750–1759.10.1021/jm030644s
  • Hardin, C. , Pogorelov, T. V. , & Luthey-Schulten, Z. (2002). Ab initio protein structure prediction. Current Opinion in Structural Biology , 12 , 176–181. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(02),00306-8
  • Hofmann, K. , & Stoffel, W. (1993). TMbase-a database of membrane spanning proteins segments. Biological Chemistry , 347 , 166, Hoppe Seyler.
  • Hooft, R. W. , Sander, C. , & Vriend, G. (1997). Objectively judging the quality of a protein structure from a Ramachandran plot. Computer applications in the biosciences: CABIOS , 13 , 425–430. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/13.4.425
  • Hooft, R. W. , Vriend, G. , Sander, C. , & Abola, E. E. (1996). Errors in protein structures. Nature , 381 , 272–272.10.1038/381272a0
  • Ikai, A. (1980). Thermostability and aliphatic index of globular proteins. Journal of Biochemistry , 88 , 1895–1898. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133168
  • Irwin, J. J. , & Shoichet, B. K. (2005). ZINC − A free database of commercially available compounds for virtual screening. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 45 , 177–182.10.1021/ci049714+
  • Islam, M. A. , Bhayye, S. , Adeniyi, A. A. , Soliman, M. E. , & Pillay, T. S. (2017). Diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in human insulin: Analysis of impaired receptor binding of insulins Wakayama, Los Angeles and Chicago using pharmacoinformatics. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , 35 , 724–737.
  • Jacobson, M. P. , Friesner, R. A. , Xiang, Z. , & Honig, B. (2002). On the role of the crystal environment in determining protein side-chain conformations. Journal of Molecular Biology , 320 , 597–608. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02),00470-9
  • Jacobson, M. P. , Pincus, D. L. , Rapp, C. S. , Day, T. J. , Honig, B. , Shaw, D. E. , & Friesner, R. A. (2004). A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics , 55 , 351–367. doi:10.1002/prot.10613
  • Jeong, J. H. , Kim, S. W. , Yoon, S. M. , Park, J. K. , & Lee, J. S. (2002). Characterization of the conserved region of the mxaF gene that encodes the large subunit of methanol dehydrogenase from a marine methylotrophic bacterium. Molecules and Cells , 13 , 369–376.
  • Johnson, M. S. , Srinivasan, N. , Sowdhamini, R. , & Blundell, T. L. (1994). Knowledge-based protein modeling. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , 29 , 1–68. doi:10.3109/10409239409086797
  • Jones, D. T. , Tress, M. , Bryson, K. , & Hadley, C. (1999). Successful recognition of protein folds using threading methods biased by sequence similarity and predicted secondary structure. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics , 37 , 104–111.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0134
  • Jorgensen, W. L. , Maxwell, D. S. , & Tirado-Rives, J. (1996). Development and testing of the OPLS all-atom force field on conformational energetics and properties of organic liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 118 , 11225–11236. doi:10.1021/ja962176
  • Jorgensen, W. L. , & Tirado-Rives, J. (1988). The OPLS [optimized potentials for liquid simulations] potential functions for proteins, energy minimizations for crystals of cyclic peptides and crambin. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 110 , 1657–1666.10.1021/ja00214a001
  • Kabsch, W. , & Sander, C. (1983). Dictionary of protein secondary structure: Pattern recognition of hydrogen-bonded and geometrical features. Biopolymers , 22 , 2577–2637. doi:10.1002/bip.360221211
  • Kahn, S. E. , Hull, R. L. , & Utzschneider, K. M. (2006). Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature , 444 , 840–846. doi:10.1038/nature05482
  • Kaushik, A. C. , & Sahi, S. (2015). Boolean network model for GPR142 against Type 2 diabetes and relative dynamic change ratio analysis using systems and biological circuits approach. Systems and Synthetic Biology , 9 , 45–54. doi:10.1007/s11693-015-9163-0
  • Kufareva, I. , Rueda, M. , Katritch, V. , Stevens, R. C. , & Abagyan, R. (2011). Status of GPCR modeling and docking as reflected by community-wide GPCR dock 2010 assessment. Structure , 19 , 1108–1126. doi:10.1016/j.str.2011.05.012
  • Kumar, S. , Bhagabati, P. , Sachan, R. , Kaushik, A. C. , & Dwivedi, V. D. (2015). In silico analysis of sequence–structure–function relationship of the escherichia coli methionine synthase. Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences , 7 , 382–390. doi:10.1007/s12539-015-0271-z.
  • Kyte, J. , & Doolittle, R. F. (1982). A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. Journal of Molecular Biology , 157 , 105–132. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(82),90515-0
  • Laskowski, R. A. , MacArthur, M. W. , Moss, D. S. , & Thornton, J. M. (1993). PROCHECK: A program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography , 26 , 283–291. doi:10.1107/S0021889892009944
  • Laskowski, R. A. , Rullmann, J. A. C. , MacArthur, M. W. , Kaptein, R. , & Thornton, J. M. (1996). AQUA and PROCHECK-NMR: Programs for checking the quality of protein structures solved by NMR. Journal of Biomolecular NMR , 8 , 477–486. doi:10.1007/BF00228148
  • Lemer, C. M. R. , Rooman, M. J. , & Wodak, S. J. (1995). Protein structure prediction by threading methods: Evaluation of current techniques. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics , 23 , 337–355. doi:10.1002/prot.340230308
  • Lizarzaburu, M. , Turcotte, S. , Du, X. , Duquette, J. , Fu, A. , Houze, J. , … Okuyama, R. (2012). Discovery and optimization of a novel series of GPR142 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 22 , 5942–5947. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.063
  • Lovell, S. C. , Davis, I. W. , Arendall, W. B. , de Bakker, P. I. , Word, J. M. , Prisant, M. G. , … Richardson, D. C. (2003). Structure validation by Cα geometry: ϕ, ψ and Cβ deviation. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics , 50 , 437–450. doi:10.1002/prot.10286
  • Lüthy, R. , Bowie, J. U. , & Eisenberg, D. (1992). Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles. Nature , 356 , 83–85.10.1038/356083a0
  • Lüthy, R. , McLachlan, A. D. , & Eisenberg, D. (1991). Secondary structure-based profiles: Use of structure-conserving scoring tables in searching protein sequence databases for structural similarities. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics , 10 , 229–239. doi:10.1002/prot.340100307
  • McGuffin, L. J. , Bryson, K. , & Jones, D. T. (2000). The PSIPRED protein structure prediction server. Bioinformatics , 16 , 404–405. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/16.4.404
  • Michino, M. , Abola, E. , Brooks, C. L. , Dixon, J. S. , Moult, J. , & Stevens, R. C. (2009). Community-wide assessment of GPCR structure modelling and ligand docking: GPCR Dock 2008. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , 8 , 455–463. doi:10.1038/nrd2877
  • Muthusamy, K. , & Krishnasamy, G. (2016). A computational study on role of 6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-6-[(3, 4, 5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl) oxymethyl] oxan-2-yl] oxyoxane-2, 4, 5-triol in the regulation of blood glucose level. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , 34 , 2599–2618. doi:10.1080/07391102.2015.1124289
  • Overton, H. A. , Fyfe, M. C. T. , & Reynet, C. (2008). GPR119, a novel G protein-coupled receptor target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. British Journal of Pharmacology , 153 , S76–S81. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707529
  • Pandey, A. , Misra, P. , Khan, M. P. , Swarnkar, G. , Tewari, M. C. , Bhambhani, S. , & Trivedi, P. K. (2014). Co-expression of Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, and soybean isoflavone synthase, GmIFS1, genes in tobacco leads to enhanced biosynthesis of isoflavones and flavonols resulting in osteoprotective activity. Plant Biotechnology Journal , 12 , 69–80. doi:10.1080/01411590701228596
  • Pelton, J. T. , & McLean, L. R. (2000). Spectroscopic methods for analysis of protein secondary structure. Analytical Biochemistry , 277 , 167–176. doi:10.1006/abio.1999.4320
  • Pontius, J. , Richelle, J. , & Wodak, S. J. (1996). Deviations from standard atomic volumes as a quality measure for protein crystal structures. Journal of Molecular Biology , 264 , 121–136. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0628
  • Pruitt, K. D. , Tatusova, T. , & Maglott, D. R. (2007). NCBI reference sequences (RefSeq): A curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins. Nucleic Acids Research , 35 , D61–D65. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl842
  • Ramachandran, G. N. , Ramakrishnan, C. , & Sasisekharan, V. (1963). Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations. Journal of Molecular Biology , 7 , 95–99.10.1016/S0022-2836(63)80023-6
  • Rosenbaum, D. M. , Rasmussen, S. G. , & Kobilka, B. K. (2009). The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature , 459 , 356–363. doi:10.1038/nature08144
  • Roy, A. , Yang, J. , & Zhang, Y. (2012). Cofactor: An accurate comparative algorithm for structure-based protein function annotation. Nucleic Acids Research , gks372. doi:10.1093/nar/gks372
  • Roy, A. , & Zhang, Y. (2012). Recognizing protein-ligand binding sites by global structural alignment and local geometry refinement. Structure , 20 , 987–997. doi:10.1016/j.str.2012.03.009
  • Sánchez, R. , & Šali, A. (2000). Comparative protein structure modeling: introduction and practical examples with modeller. Protein structure prediction: Methods and protocols , 97–129. doi:10.1385/1-59259-368-2:97
  • Schrödinger Release . 2015-3. LigPrep, version 3.5. New York, NY : Schrödinger, LLC.
  • Sefidbakht, Y. , Ranaei Siadat, O. , & Taheri, F. (2017). Homology modeling and molecular dynamics study on Schwanniomyces occidentalis alpha-amylase. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , 35 , 574–584. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1154892
  • Shaw, D. E. (2017). Schrödinger Release 2017–1: Desmond molecular dynamics system, research, New York . New York, NY: Maestro-Desmond Interoperability Tools, Schrödinger.
  • Shelley, J. C. , Cholleti, A. , Frye, L. L. , Greenwood, J. R. , Timlin, M. R. , & Uchimaya, M. (2007). Epik: A software program for pK a prediction and protonation state generation for drug-like molecules. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design , 21 , 681–691. doi:10.1007/s10822-007-9133-z
  • Shivakumar, D. , Williams, J. , Wu, Y. , Damm, W. , Shelley, J. , & Sherman, W. (2010). Prediction of absolute solvation free energies using molecular dynamics free energy perturbation and the OPLS force field. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation , 6 , 1509–1519. doi:10.1021/ct900587b
  • Sippl, M. J. (1990). Calculation of conformational ensembles from potentials of mena force: An approach to the knowledge-based prediction of local structures in globular proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology , 213 , 859–883. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05),80269-4
  • Sippl, M. J. (1993). Recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics , 17 , 355–362. doi:10.1002/prot.340170404
  • Tamura, K. , Dudley, J. , Nei, M. , & Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution , 24 , 1596–1599. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm092
  • Thompson, A. A. , Liu, W. , Chun, E. , Katritch, V. , Wu, H. , Vardy, E. , … Roth, B. L. (2012). Structure of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor in complex with a peptide mimetic. Nature , 485 , 395–399. doi:10.1038/nature11085
  • Toda, N. , Hao, X. , Ogawa, Y. , Oda, K. , Yu, M. , Fu, Z. , … Shibuya, S. (2013, June 17). Potent and orally bioavailable GPR142 agonists as novel insulin secretagogues for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 4 , 790–794. doi:10.1021/ml400186z
  • Vyas, V. K. , Dabasia, M. , Qureshi, G. , Patel, P. , & Ghate, M. (2016). Molecular modeling study for the design of novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors using 3D QSAR, molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. , 1–13. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1204945
  • Webb, B. , & Sali, A. (2014). Comparative protein structure modeling using Modeller. Current protocols in bioinformatics. , 5–6. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0366-5_1
  • Weng, J. , & Wang, W. (2014). Molecular dynamics simulation of membrane proteins. In  Protein conformational dynamics (pp. 305–329). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02970-2_13
  • Wilson, J. E. , Kurukulasuriya, R. , Sinz, C. , Lombardo, M. , Bender, K. , Parker, D. , … Edmondson, S. (2016, June 15). Discovery and development of benzo-[1,2,4]-triazolo-[1,4]-oxazepine GPR142 agonists for the treatment of diabetes. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 26 , 2947–2951.10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.018
  • Winzell, M. S. , & Ahrén, B. (2007). G-protein-coupled receptors and islet function – Implications for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Pharmacology & Therapeutics , 116 , 437–448. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.08.002
  • Wu, S. , Skolnick, J. , & Zhang, Y. (2007). Ab initio modeling of small proteins by iterative TASSER simulations. BMC Biology , 5 , 17. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-17
  • Xu, Y. , Lee, J. , Park, Y. D. , Yang, J. M. , Zheng, J. , & Zhang, Q. (2017). Molecular dynamics simulation integrating the inhibition kinetics of hydroxysafflor yellow A on α-glucosidase. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics . 1–11. doi:10.1080/07391102.2017.1300544
  • Yu, M. , Lizarzaburu, M. , Motani, A. , Fu, Z. , Du, X. , Liu, J. J. , … Li, L. (2013, May 1). Aminopyrazole-phenylalanine based GPR142 agonists: Discovery of tool compound and in vivo efficacy studies. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters , 4 , 829–834. doi:10.1021/ml4000854

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.