References
- Ahn, D. G., Choi, J. K., Taylor, D. R., & Oh, J. W. (2012). Biochemical characterization of a recombinant SARS coronavirus nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase capable of copying viral RNA templates. Archives of Virology, 157(11), 2095–2104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1404-x
- Benson, D. A., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D. J., Ostell, J., & Wheeler, D. L. (2003). GenBank. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg057
- Berendsen, H. J. C., Postma, J. P. M., Van Gunsteren, W. F., Dinola, A., & Haak, J. R. (1984). Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 81(8), 3684–3690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.448118
- Betts, M. J., & Russell, R. B. (2003). Amino acid properties and consequences of substitutions. In M. R. Barnes & I. C. Gray (Eds.), Bioinformatics for geneticists (pp. 289–316). Wiley. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/0470867302.ch14
- Bornot, A., Etchebest, C., & De Brevern, A. G. (2011). Predicting protein flexibility through the prediction of local structures. Proteins, 79(3), 839–852. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.22922
- Chakrabortya, H. J. (2020). Drug Repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 RDRP – A computational quest against CoVID-19. Nature Research, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-22079/v1
- Chan, J. F. W., Lau, S. K. P., To, K. K. W., Cheng, V. C. C., Woo, P. C. Y., & Yue, K. Y. (2015). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(2), 465–522. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00102-14
- Choi, W. J., Chung, H.-J., Chandra, G., Alexander, V., Zhao, L. X., Lee, H. W., Nayak, A., Majik, M. S., Kim, H. O., Kim, J.-H., Lee, Y. B., Ahn, C. H., Lee, S. K., & Jeong, L. S. (2012). Fluorocyclopentenyl-cytosine with broad spectrum and potent antitumor activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 55(9), 4521–4525. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm3004009
- Daina, A., Michielin, O., & Zoete, V. (2017). SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Scientific Reports, 7, 42717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42717
- Davidchack, R. L., Handel, R., & Tretyakov, M. V. (2009). Langevin thermostat for rigid body dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics, 130(23), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3149788
- De Wilde, A. H., Jochmans, D., Posthuma, C. C., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J. C., Van Nieuwkoop, S., Bestebroer, T. M., Van Den Hoogen, B. G., Neyts, J., & Snijder, E. J. (2014). Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(8), 4875–4884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03011-14
- Deejai, N., Roshorm, Y. M., & Kubera, A. (2017). Antiviral compounds against nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Animal Biotechnology, 28(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2016.1232268
- Desimone, J., Heller, P., Molokie, R. E., Hall, L., & Zwiers, D. (1985). Tetrahydrouridine, cytidine analogues, and hemoglobin F. American Journal of Hematology, 18(3), 283–288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830180310
- Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(5), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
- Farag, A. B., Wang, P., Ahmed, M. S., & Sadek, H. A. (2018). Corresponding authors. In J. Collado-Vides & R. Hofestädt (Eds.), Gene regulation and metabolism. MIT Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3215.003.0017
- Fletcher, R., & Powell, M. J. D. (1963). A rapidly convergent descent method for minimization. The Computer Journal, 6(2), 163–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.2.163
- Friesner, R. A., Banks, J. L., Murphy, R. B., Halgren, T. A., Klicic, J. J., Mainz, D. T., Repasky, M. P., Knoll, E. H., Shelley, M., Perry, J. K., Shaw, D. E., Francis, P., & Shenkin, P. S. (2004). Glide: A new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 1. Method and assessment of docking accuracy. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 47(7), 1739–1749. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0306430
- Funamizu, N., Lacy, C. R., Fujita, K., Furukawa, K., Misawa, T., Yanaga, K., & Manome, Y. (2012). Tetrahydrouridine inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation regardless of cytidine deaminase expression levels. PLoS One, 7(5), e37424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037424
- Gao, Y., Yan, L., Huang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Cao, L., Wang, T., Sun, Q., Ming, Z., Zhang, L., Ge, J., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, Y., Zhu, C., Hu, T., Hua, T., Zhang, B., … Rao, Z. (2020). Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus. Science, 368(6492), 779–782. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7498
- Gasteiger, E., Gattiker, A., Hoogland, C., Ivanyi, I., Appel, R. D., & Bairoch, A. (2003). ExPASy: The proteomics server for in-depth protein knowledge and analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(13), 3784–3788. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg563
- Giles, T. D., Cockcroft, J. R., Pitt, B., Jakate, A., & Wright, H. M. (2017). Rationale for nebivolol/valsartan combination for hypertension: Review of preclinical and clinical data. Journal of Hypertension, 35(9), 1758–1767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001412
- Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A., Haagmans, B. L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A. M., Neuman, B. W., Penzar, D., Perlman, S., Poon, L. L. M., Samborskiy, D. V., Sidorov, I. A., Sola, I., & Ziebuhr, J. (2020). The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology, 5, 536–544. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
- Halgren, T. A., Murphy, R. B., Friesner, R. A., Beard, H. S., Frye, L. L., Pollard, W. T., & Banks, J. L. (2004). Glide: A new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 2. Enrichment factors in database screening. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 47(7), 1750–1759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm030644s
- Heel, R. C., Brogden, R. N., Speight, T. M., & Avery, G. S. (1978). Fenoterol: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in asthma. Drugs, 15(1), 3–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-197815010-00002
- Jacobson, M. P., Pincus, D. L., Rapp, C. S., Day, T. J. F., Honig, B., Shaw, D. E., & Friesner, R. A. (2004). A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction. Proteins, 55(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.10613
- Jakalian, A., Jack, D. B., & Bayly, C. I. (2002). Fast, efficient generation of high-quality atomic charges. AM1-BCC model: II. Parameterization and validation. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 23(16), 1623–1641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.10128
- Jakher, H., Chang, T. I., Tan, M., & Mahaffey, K. W. (2019). Canagliflozin review – Safety and efficacy profile in patients with T2DM. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 12, 209–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S184437
- Jiang, C. L., Liu, L., Li, Z., & Buttgereit, F. (2015). The novel strategy of glucocorticoid drug development via targeting nongenomic mechanisms. Steroids, 102, 27–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.015
- Kaushal, S., Singh, H., Thangaraju, P., & Singh, J. (2014). Canagliflozin: A novel SGLT2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(3), 107–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.128471
- Kirchdoerfer, R. N., & Ward, A. B. (2019). Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10280-3
- Krissinel, E., & Henrick, K. (2007). Inference of macromolecular assemblies from crystalline state. Journal of Molecular Biology, 372(3), 774–797. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.022
- Lehninger. (2004). Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.). W.H. Freeman & Co.
- Lipinski, C. A. (2004). Lead- and drug-like compounds: The rule-of-five revolution. Drug Discovery Today: Technologies, 1(4), 337–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.11.007
- Liu, C., Zhu, X., Lu, Y., Zhang, X., Jia, X. & Yang, T. (2020). Potential Treatment of Chinese and Western Medicine Targeting Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.002
- Maier, J. A., Martinez, C., Kasavajhala, K., Wickstrom, L., Hauser, K. E., & Simmerling, C. (2015). ff14SB: Improving the accuracy of protein side chain and backbone parameters from ff99SB. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 11(8), 3696–3713. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00255
- Mark, P., & Nilsson, L. (2001). Structure and dynamics of the TIP3P, SPC, and SPC/E water models at 298 K. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105(43), 9954–9960. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jp003020w
- Marketou, M., Gupta, Y., Jain, S., & Vardas, P. (2017). Differential metabolic effects of beta-blockers: An updated systematic review of nebivolol. Current Hypertension Reports, 19(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0716-3
- Marquez, V. E., Lim, M. I., Treanor, S. P., Plowman, J., Priest, M. A., Markovac, A., Khan, M. S., Kaskar, B., & Driscoll, J. S. (1988). Cyclopentenylcytosine. A carbocyclic nucleoside with antitumor and antiviral properties. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 31(9), 1687–1694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00117a004
- Martínez, L. (2015). Automatic identification of mobile and rigid substructures in molecular dynamics simulations and fractional structural fluctuation analysis. PLoS One, 10(3), e0119264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119264
- Moen, M. D., & Wagstaff, A. J. (2006). Nebivolol: A review of its use in the management of hypertension and chronic heart failure. Drugs, 66(10), 1389–1409. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200666100-00007
- Møller, M. F. (1993). A scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for fast supervised learning. Neural Networks, 6(4), 525–533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-6080(05)80056-5
- Molokie, R., Lavelle, D., Gowhari, M., Pacini, M., Krauz, L., Hassan, J., Ibanez, V., Ruiz, M. A., Ng, K. P., Woost, P., Radivoyevitch, T., Pacelli, D., Fada, S., Rump, M., Hsieh, M., Tisdale, J. F., Jacobberger, J., Phelps, M., Engel, J. D., … Saunthararajah, Y. (2017). Oral tetrahydrouridine and decitabine for non-cytotoxic epigenetic gene regulation in sickle cell disease: A randomized phase 1 study. PLOS Medicine, 14(9), e1002382. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002382
- Narayanan, N., & Nair, D. T. (2020). Vitamin B12 may inhibit RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase activity of nsp12 from the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Preprints. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0347.v1
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020a). PubChem database. Saquinavir, CID = 441243. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Saquinavir
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020b). PubChem database. Dobutamine, CID = 36811. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dobutamine
- North, T. W., & Mathews, C. K. (1981). Tetrahydrouridine specifically facilitates deoxycytidine incorporation into herpes simplex virus DNA. Journal of Virology, 37(3), 987–993. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.37.3.987-993.1981
- Pachetti, M., Marini, B., Benedetti, F., Giudici, F., Mauro, E., Storici, P., Masciovecchio, C., Angeletti, S., Ciccozzi, M., Gallo, R. C., Zella, D., & Ippodrino, R. (2020). Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02344-6
- Peabody, D. S. (1989). Translation initiation at non-AUG triplets in mammalian cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264(9), 5031–5035.
- Perlman, S., & Netland, J. (2009). Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(6), 439–450. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2147
- Pillaiyar, T., Meenakshisundaram, S., & Manickam, M. (2020). Recent discovery and development of inhibitors targeting coronaviruses. Drug Discovery Today, 25(4), 668–688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.015
- Posthuma, C. C., te Velthuis, A. J. W., & Snijder, E. J. (2017). Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA genomes. Virus Research, 234, 58–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.023
- Pushpakom, S., Iorio, F., Eyers, P. A., Escott, K. J., Hopper, S., Wells, A., Doig, A., Guilliams, T., Latimer, J., McNamee, C., Norris, A., Sanseau, P., Cavalla, D., & Pirmohamed, M. (2019). Drug repurposing: Progress, challenges and recommendations. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 18(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2018.168
- Roe, D. R., & Cheatham, T. E. (2013). PTRAJ and CPPTRAJ: Software for processing and analysis of molecular dynamics trajectory data. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 9(7), 3084–3095. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ct400341p
- Romano, M., Ruggiero, A., Squeglia, F., Maga, G., & Berisio, R. (2020). A structural view of SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication machinery: RNA synthesis, proofreading and final capping. Cells, 9(5), 1267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051267
- Ruan, Z., Liu, C., Guo, Y., He, Z., Huang, X., Jia, X., Yang, T. (2020). Potential inhibitors targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity (NSP12) of SARS-CoV-2. Preprints. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0024.v1
- Ryckaert, J. P., Ciccotti, G., & Berendsen, H. J. C. (1977). Numerical integration of the Cartesian equations of motion of a system with constraints: Molecular dynamics of n-alkanes. Journal of Computational Physics, 23(3), 327–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5
- Sexton, N. R., Smith, E. C., Blanc, H., Vignuzzi, M., Peersen, O. B., & Denison, M. R. (2016). Homology-based identification of a mutation in the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that confers resistance to multiple mutagens. Journal of Virology, 90(16), 7415–7428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00080-16
- Shannon, A., Le, N. T. T., Selisko, B., Eydoux, C., Alvarez, K., Guillemot, J. C., Decroly, E., Peersen, O., Ferron, F., & Canard, B. (2020). Remdesivir and SARS-CoV-2: Structural requirements at both nsp12 RdRp and nsp14 exonuclease active-sites. Antiviral Research, 178, 104793. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104793
- Song, G. Y., Paul, V., Choo, H., Morrey, J., Sidwell, R. W., Schinazi, R. F., & Chu, C. K. (2001). Enantiomeric synthesis of D- and L-cyclopentenyl nucleosides and their antiviral activity against HIV and West Nile virus. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44(23), 3985–3993. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm010256v
- Sterling, T., & Irwin, J. J. (2015). ZINC 15 – Ligand discovery for everyone. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 55(11), 2324–2337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00559
- Subissi, L., Posthuma, C. C., Collet, A., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J. C., Gorbalenya, A. E., Decroly, E., Snijder, E. J., Canard, B., & Imbert, I. (2014). One severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein complex integrates processive RNA polymerase and exonuclease activities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(37), E3900–E3909. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323705111
- Svedmyr, N. (1985). Fenoterol: A β2-adrenergic agonist for use in asthma. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy, 5(3), 109–126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1985.tb03409.x
- te Velthuis, A. J. W., Arnold, J. J., Cameron, C. E., van den Worm, S. H. E., & Snijder, E. J. (2010). The RNA polymerase activity of SARS-coronavirus nsp12 is primer dependent. Nucleic Acids Research, 38(1), 203–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp904
- te Velthuis, A. J. W., Van Den Worm, S. H. E., & Snijder, E. J. (2012). The SARS-coronavirus nsp7 + nsp8 complex is a unique multimeric RNA polymerase capable of both de novo initiation and primer extension. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(4), 1737–1747. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr893
- Thomas, B. J., Porritt, R. A., Hertzog, P. J., Bardin, P. G., & Tate, M. D. (2014). Glucocorticosteroids enhance replication of respiratory viruses: Effect of adjuvant interferon. Scientific Reports, 4, 7176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07176
- Uğurel, O. M., Ata, O., & Balık, D. (2020). An updated analysis of variations in SARS-CoV-2 genome. Turkish Journal of Biology, 44(SI-1), 157–167.
- Veber, D. F., Johnson, S. R., Cheng, H. Y., Smith, B. R., Ward, K. W., & Kopple, K. D. (2002). Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45(12), 2615–2623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jm020017n
- Volkamer, A., Kuhn, D., Grombacher, T., Rippmann, F., & Rarey, M. (2012). Combining global and local measures for structure-based druggability predictions. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 52(2), 360–372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ci200454v
- Wang, J., Wang, W., Kollman, P. A., & Case, D. A. (2006). Automatic atom type and bond type perception in molecular mechanical calculations. Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling, 25(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2005.12.005
- Wang, J., Wolf, R. M., Caldwell, J. W., Kollman, P. A., & Case, D. A. (2004). Development and testing of a general Amber force field. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 25(9), 1157–1174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20035
- Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hu, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020). Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Research, 30(3), 269–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
- Waterhouse, A. M., Procter, J. B., Martin, D. M. A., Clamp, M., & Barton, G. J. (2009). Jalview Version 2-A multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. Bioinformatics, 25(9), 1189–1191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp033
- Wong, C. S., Pavord, I. D., Williams, J., Britton, J. R., & Tattersfield, A. E. (1990). Bronchodilator, cardiovascular, and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline in asthma. The Lancet, 336(8728), 1396–1399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)93099-B
- Wood, A. J. J., & Barnes, P. J. (1995). Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 332(13), 868–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199503303321307
- World Health Organization. (2020a). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 198. Author.
- World Health Organization. (2020b). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. Author.
- Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Sheng, J., Quan, L., Xia, Z., Tan, W., Cheng, G., & Jiang, T. (2020). Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host & Microbe, 27(3), 325–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001
- Wu, C., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Zhong, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, Y., Li, M., Li, X., Zheng, M., Chen, L., & Li, H. (2020). Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 10(5), 766–788. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.008
- Xu, C., Ke, Z., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Liu, D., & Zhang, L. (2020). Systemic in silico screening in drug discovery for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with an online interactive web server. ChemRxiv, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12058143.v1
- Yin, W., Mao, C., Luan, X., Shen, D.-D., Shen, Q., Su, H., Wang, X., Zhou, F., Zhao, W., Gao, M., Chang, S., Xie, Y., Tian, G., Jiang, H., Tao, S., Shen, J., Jiang, Y., Jiang, H., Xu, Y., … Xu, H. E. (2020). Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir. Science, 368(6498), eabc1560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1560
- Zhai, Y., Sun, F., Li, X., Pang, H., Xu, X., Bartlam, M., & Rao, Z. (2005). Insights into SARS-CoV transcription and replication from the structure of the nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 12(11), 980–986. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb999
- Zhou, Y., Hou, Y., Shen, J., Huang, Y., Martin, W., & Cheng, F. (2020). Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discovery, 6(1), 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3