172
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

A review of synthetic strategy, SAR, docking, simulation studies, and mechanism of action of isoxazole derivatives as anticancer agents

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 4909-4935 | Received 12 Mar 2023, Accepted 29 May 2023, Published online: 14 Jun 2023

References

  • Abotaleb, M., Kubatka, P., Caprnda, M., Varghese, E., Zolakova, B., Zubor, P., Opatrilova, R., Kruzliak, P., Stefanicka, P., & Büsselberg, D. (2018). Chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: An update. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 101, 458–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.108
  • Acar Çevik, U., Celik, I., Işık, A., Ahmad, I., Patel, H., Özkay, Y., & Kaplancıklı, Z. A. (2022). Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, DFT, ADME and biological evaluation studies of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazole linked benzimidazoles as anticancer agents and aromatase inhibitors. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 41(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2022.2025906
  • Ageed, A. S. M. A. (2019). Electrocardiogram changes in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy at National Cancer Institute-University of Gezira, Sudan (2018). University of Gezira.
  • Alam, F., Rahman, S. U., Ullah, S., & Gulati, K. (2018). Medical image registration in image guided surgery: Issues, challenges and research opportunities. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 38(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2017.10.001
  • Arnold, M., Morgan, E., Rumgay, H., Mafra, A., Singh, D., Laversanne, M., Vignat, J., Gralow, J. R., Cardoso, F., Siesling, S., & Soerjomataram, I. (2022). Current and future burden of breast cancer: Global statistics for 2020 and 2040. The Breast, 66, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.010
  • Arya, G. C., Kaur, K., & Jaitak, V. (2021). Isoxazole derivatives as anticancer agent: A review on synthetic strategies, mechanism of action and SAR studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 221, 113511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113511
  • Bai, R., Schwartz, R. E., Kepler, J. A., Pettit, G. R., & Hamel, E. (1996). Characterization of the interaction of cryptophycin 1 with tubulin: Binding in the Vinca domain, competitive inhibition of dolastatin 10 binding, and an unusual aggregation reaction. Cancer Research, 56(19), 4398–4406.
  • Ban, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Yang, B., Liu, M., Yin, L., & Zheng, W. (2022). 2D/3D multimode medical image alignment based on spatial histograms. Applied Sciences, 12(16), 8261. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168261
  • Baselga, J., Cortés, J., Kim, S.-B., Im, S.-A., Hegg, R., Im, Y.-H., Roman, L., Pedrini, J. L., Pienkowski, T., Knott, A., Clark, E., Benyunes, M. C., Ross, G., & Swain, S. M., CLEOPATRA Study Group. (2012). Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113216
  • Bates, D., & Eastman, A. (2017). Microtubule destabilising agents: Far more than just antimitotic anticancer drugs. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 83(2), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13126
  • Boszkiewicz, K., Piwowar, A., & Petryszyn, P. (2022). Aromatase inhibitors and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects in breast cancer patients—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(11), 3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113133
  • Bradley, R., Braybrooke, J., Gray, R., Hills, R. K., Liu, Z., Pan, H., Peto, R., Dodwell, D., McGale, P., Taylor, C., Francis, P. A., Gnant, M., Perrone, F., Regan, M. M., Berry, R., Boddington, C., Clarke, M., Davies, C., Davies, L., … Swain, S. M. (2022). Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with ovarian suppression: A patient-level meta-analysis of 7030 women from four randomised trials. The Lancet Oncology, 23(3), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00758-0
  • Caciolla, J., Bisi, A., Belluti, F., Rampa, A., & Gobbi, S. (2020). Reconsidering aromatase for breast cancer treatment: New roles for an old target. Molecules, 25(22), 5351. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225351
  • Chatterjee, G., Mukherjee, S., & Majumder, D. (2016). Efficacy and toxicity assessment of different clinically used small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors by computational molecular docking method. Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology, 2(1), 9.
  • Cleary, K., & Peters, T. M. (2010). Image-guided interventions: Technology review and clinical applications. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 12, 119–142. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-070909-105249
  • Dandriyal, J., Singla, R., Kumar, M., & Jaitak, V. (2016). Recent developments of C-4 substituted coumarin derivatives as anticancer agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 119, 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.087
  • Deng, S., Yan, T., Jendrny, C., Nemecek, A., Vincetic, M., Gödtel-Armbrust, U., & Wojnowski, L. (2014). Dexrazoxane may prevent doxorubicin-induced DNA damage via depleting both topoisomerase II isoforms. BMC Cancer, 14(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-842
  • DeSantis, C., Siegel, R., Bandi, P., & Jemal, A. (2011). Breast cancer statistics, 2011. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61(6), 408–418. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20134
  • Dinesh, V. C., Hareeshbabu, E., & Krishnakumar, K. (2019). Synthesis of hybrid molecules of isoxazole derivatives in search of new anticancer drugs—A review. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 5(3), 8.
  • Drappatz, J., Norden, A. D., Wong, E. T., Doherty, L. M., Lafrankie, D. C., Ciampa, A., Kesari, S., Sceppa, C., Gerard, M., Phan, P., Schiff, D., Batchelor, T. T., Ligon, K. L., Young, G., Muzikansky, A., Weiss, S. E., & Wen, P. Y. (2010). Phase I study of vandetanib with radiotherapy and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 78(1), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1741
  • Duan, C., Deng, H., Xiao, S., Xie, J., Li, H., Zhao, X., Han, D., Sun, X., Lou, X., Ye, C., & Zhou, X. (2022). Accelerate gas diffusion-weighted MRI for lung morphometry with deep learning. European Radiology, 32(1), 702–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08126-y
  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). (2015). Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: Patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. The Lancet, 386(10001), 1341–1352.
  • Elmore, S. (2007). Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicologic Pathology, 35(4), 495–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701320337
  • El-Sawy, E. R., Mandour, A. H., El-Hallouty, S. M., Shaker, K. H., & Abo-Salem, H. M. (2013). Synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of some new N-methylsulphonyl and N-benzenesulphonyl-3-indolyl heterocycles: 1st Cancer Update. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 6(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.003
  • Ercisli, M. F., Kahrizi, D., & Aziziaram, Z. (2021). Environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D on this malignancy. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 2(4), 175–183.
  • Ertel, A., Dean, J. L., Rui, H., Liu, C., Witkiewicz, A., Knudsen, K. E., & Knudsen, E. S. (2010). RB-pathway disruption in breast cancer: Differential association with disease subtypes, disease-specific prognosis and therapeutic response. Cell Cycle, 9(20), 4153–4163. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.9.20.13454
  • Forrest, A. P., Stewart, H. J., Everington, D., Prescott, R. J., McArdle, C. S., Harnett, A. N., Smith, D. C., & George, W. D. (1996). Randomised controlled trial of conservation therapy for breast cancer: 6-year analysis of the Scottish trial. The Lancet, 348(9029), 708–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)02133-2
  • Gasparini, G. (2000). Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer. The Oncologist, 5(S1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.5-2004-37
  • Goldenberg, M. M. (2013). Pharmaceutical approval update. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 38(5), 246.
  • Goss, P. E., Ingle, J. N., Alés-Martínez, J. E., Cheung, A. M., Chlebowski, R. T., Wactawski-Wende, J., McTiernan, A., Robbins, J., Johnson, K. C., Martin, L. W., Winquist, E., Sarto, G. E., Garber, J. E., Fabian, C. J., Pujol, P., Maunsell, E., Farmer, P., Gelmon, K. A., Tu, D., & Richardson, H., NCIC CTG MAP.3 Study Investigators. (2011). Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(25), 2381–2391. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103507
  • Gujjarappa, R., Sravani, S., Kabi, A. K., Garg, A., Vodnala, N., Tyagi, U., Kaldhi, D., Singh, V., Gupta, S., & Malakar, C. C. (2022). An overview on biological activities of oxazole, isoxazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles derivatives. In B. P. Swain (Ed.), Nanostructured biomaterials. Materials horizons: From nature to nanomaterials (pp. 379–400). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8399-2_10
  • Harismah, K., Fazeli, F., Amini, I., Da’i, M., & Mirzaei, M. (2022). In silico effects of steviol on depression, inflammation and cancer biomarkers. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12, 8385–8393. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC126.83858393
  • Hassan, M., Watari, H., AbuAlmaaty, A., Ohba, Y., & Sakuragi, N. (2014). Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/150845
  • Hosseini, A., & Ghorbani, A. (2015). Cancer therapy with phytochemicals: Evidence from clinical studies. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 5(2), 84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25949949
  • Hu, C., Hart, S. N., Gnanaolivu, R., Huang, H., Lee, K. Y., Na, J., Gao, C., Lilyquist, J., Yadav, S., Boddicker, N. J., Samara, R., Klebba, J., Ambrosone, C. B., Anton-Culver, H., Auer, P., Bandera, E. V., Bernstein, L., Bertrand, K. A., Burnside, E. S., … Couch, F. J. (2021). A population-based study of genes previously implicated in breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), 440–451. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2005936
  • Hu, M.-J., Zhang, B., Yang, H.-K., Liu, Y., Chen, Y.-R., Ma, T.-Z., Lu, L., You, W.-W., & Zhao, P.-L. (2015). Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel indole–pyrimidine hybrids as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 86(6), 1491–1500. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12616
  • Hu, Z., Zhao, T. V., Huang, T., Ohtsuki, S., Jin, K., Goronzy, I. N., Wu, B., Abdel, M. P., Bettencourt, J. W., Berry, G. J., Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2022). The transcription factor RFX5 coordinates antigen-presenting function and resistance to nutrient stress in synovial macrophages. Nature Metabolism, 4(6), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00585-x
  • Iacoviello, L., Bonaccio, M., de Gaetano, G., & Donati, M. B. (2021). Epidemiology of breast cancer, a paradigm of the “common soil” hypothesis. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 72, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.010
  • Islami, F., Liu, Y., Jemal, A., Zhou, J., Weiderpass, E., Colditz, G., Boffetta, P., & Weiss, M. (2015). Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology, 26(12), 2398–2407. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv379
  • Jiao, Q., Bi, L., Ren, Y., Song, S., Wang, Q., & Wang, Y-s (2018). Advances in studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their acquired resistance. Molecular Cancer, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0801-5
  • Kaur, R., Kaur, G., Gill, R. K., Soni, R., & Bariwal, J. (2014). Recent developments in tubulin polymerization inhibitors: An overview. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 87, 89–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.051
  • Kavitha, R., Jothi, D. K., Saravanan, K., Swain, M. P., Gonzáles, J. L. A., Bhardwaj, R. J., & Adomako, E. (2023). Ant colony optimization-enabled CNN deep learning technique for accurate detection of cervical cancer. BioMed Research International, 2023, 1742891. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1742891
  • Kelsey, J. L., Gammon, M. D., & John, E. M. (1993). Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiologic Reviews, 15(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036115
  • Khalifa, M. M., Al-Karmalawy, A. A., Elkaeed, E. B., Nafie, M. S., Tantawy, M. A., Eissa, I. H., & Mahdy, H. A. (2022). Topo II inhibition and DNA intercalation by new phthalazine-based derivatives as potent anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, anti-proliferative, docking, and in vivo studies. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 37(1), 299–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2021.2007905
  • Kim, K. H., Moon, E., Choi, S. U., Kim, S. Y., & Lee, K. R. (2013). Polyphenols from the bark of Rhus verniciflua and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemistry, 92, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.005
  • Koukourakis, M. I., Manavis, J., Simopoulos, C., Liberis, V., Giatromanolaki, A., & Sivridis, E. (2005). Hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy with cytoprotection combined with trastuzumab, liposomal doxorubicine, and docetaxel in c-erbB-2-positive breast cancer. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(5), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.coc.0000182440.11653.5f
  • Krikorian, S. A., & Shamim, K. (2013). Adherence issues for oral antineoplastics: A focus on prevention and management of side effects related to targeted therapies. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 7(3), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827612466996
  • Kroemer, G., Galluzzi, L., Vandenabeele, P., Abrams, J., Alnemri, E. S., Baehrecke, E. H., Blagosklonny, M. V., El-Deiry, W. S., Golstein, P., Green, D. R., Hengartner, M., Knight, R. A., Kumar, S., Lipton, S. A., Malorni, W., Nuñez, G., Peter, M. E., Tschopp, J., Yuan, J., … Melino, G, Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. (2009). Classification of cell death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death and Differentiation, 16(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.150
  • Lan, J.-S., Liu, L., Zeng, R.-F., Qin, Y.-H., Hou, J.-W., Xie, S.-S., Yue, S., Yang, J., Ho, R. J., Ding, Y., & Zhang, T. (2021). Tumor-specific carrier-free nanodrugs with GSH depletion and enhanced ROS generation for endogenous synergistic anti-tumor by a chemotherapy-photodynamic therapy. Chemical Engineering Journal, 407, 127212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127212
  • Lee, Y. J., Shin, K. J., Jang, H.-J., Noh, D.-Y., Ryu, S. H., & Suh, P.-G. (2021). Phospholipase signaling in breast cancer. Translational Research in Breast Cancer, 1187, 23–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_2
  • Liu, H., Liu, M., Li, D., Zheng, W., Yin, L., & Wang, R. (2022). Recent advances in pulse-coupled neural networks with applications in image processing. Electronics, 11(20), 3264. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203264
  • Li, B., Wang, W., Zhao, L., Yan, D., Li, X., Gao, Q., Zheng, J., Zhou, S., Lai, S., Feng, Y., Zhang, J., Jiang, H., Long, C., Gan, W., Chen, X., Wang, D., Tang, B. Z., & Liao, Y. (2023). Multifunctional AIE nanosphere-based “nanobomb” for trimodal imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic/pharmacological therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections. ACS Nano, 17(5), 4601–4618. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c10694
  • Li, S., Zhao, Y., He, X., Kim, T.-H., Kuharsky, D. K., Rabinowich, H., Chen, J., Du, C., & Yin, X.-M. (2002). Relief of extrinsic pathway inhibition by the Bid-dependent mitochondrial release of Smac in Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(30), 26912–26920. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200726200
  • Longley, D. B., Harkin, D. P., & Johnston, P. G. (2003). 5-Fluorouracil: Mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 3(5), 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074
  • Lorenz, K., Lohse, M. J., & Quitterer, U. (2003). Protein kinase C switches the Raf kinase inhibitor from Raf-1 to GRK-2. Nature, 426(6966), 574–579. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02158
  • Lowe, S. W., & Lin, A. W. (2000). Apoptosis in cancer. Carcinogenesis, 21(3), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.3.485
  • Lu, Y., Chen, J., Xiao, M., Li, W., & Miller, D. D. (2012). An overview of tubulin inhibitors that interact with the colchicine binding site. Pharmaceutical Research, 29(11), 2943–2971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0828-z
  • Martinvalet, D., Zhu, P., & Lieberman, J. (2005). Granzyme A induces caspase-independent mitochondrial damage, a required first step for apoptosis. Immunity, 22(3), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.02.004
  • McGrogan, B. T., Gilmartin, B., Carney, D. N., & McCann, A. (2008). Taxanes, microtubules and chemoresistant breast cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1785(2), 96–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.10.004
  • Miller, K. D., & Camp, M. (2021). The breast cancer book: A trusted guide for you and your loved ones. JHU Press.
  • Mirzaei, M., & Nazemi, H. (2022). In silico interactions between curcumin derivatives and monoamine oxidase-A enzyme. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12, 3752–3761. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC123.37523761
  • Nassar, E. (2010). Synthesis,(in vitro) antitumor and antimicrobial activity of some pyrazoline, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives linked to indole moiety. Journal of American Science, 6(8), 463–471.
  • Osborne, C. K. (1998). Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339(22), 1609–1618. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199811263392207
  • Panathur, N., Gokhale, N., Dalimba, U., Koushik, P. V., Yogeeswari, P., & Sriram, D. (2015). New indole–isoxazolone derivatives: Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro SIRT1 inhibition studies. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 25(14), 2768–2772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.015
  • Pandhurnekar, C. P., Pandhurnekar, H. C., Mungole, A. J., Butoliya, S. S., & Yadao, B. G. (2023). A review on recent synthetic strategies and biological activities of isoxazole. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 60(4), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.4586
  • Park, H. G., Kim, J. H., Dancer, A. N., Kothapalli, K. S., & Brenna, J. T. (2021). The aromatase inhibitor letrozole restores FADS2 function in ER+ MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 171, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102312
  • Pedada, S. R., Yarla, N. S., Tambade, P. J., Dhananjaya, B. L., Bishayee, A., Arunasree, K. M., Philip, G. H., Dharmapuri, G., Aliev, G., Putta, S., & Rangaiah, G. (2016). Synthesis of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitory indole containing isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 112, 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.025
  • Perez, E. A. (2009). Microtubule inhibitors: Differentiating tubulin-inhibiting agents based on mechanisms of action, clinical activity, and resistance. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 8(8), 2086–2095. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0366
  • Pinkerton, J. V. (2021). Selective estrogen receptor modulators in gynecology practice. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 64(4), 803–812. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000647
  • Richardson, C. L., & Schulman, G. E. (1981). Intercalation inhibition assay for compounds that interact with DNA or RNA. Google Patents.
  • Sait, W. A., Al-Amoudi, S. M., Tawatai, D. A., & Abduljabbar, H. S. (2010). The knowledge of breast cancer among young Saudi females. Saudi Medical Journal, 11, 1242–1244.
  • Schlessinger, J. (2000). Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell, 103(2), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00114-8
  • Scriven, P., Coulson, S., Haines, R., Balasubramanian, S., Cross, S., & Wyld, L. (2009). Activation and clinical significance of the unfolded protein response in breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 101(10), 1692–1698. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605365
  • Selamoglu, Z. (2017a). Biotechnological approaches on anticancer activity of flavonoids-mini review. Modern Approaches to Drug Design, 1(1-1).
  • Selamoglu, Z. (2017b). Polyphenolic compounds in human health with pharmacological properties. Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy, 06(04), 138. https://doi.org/10.4172/2573-4555.1000e138
  • Selamoglu, Z. (2018). Traditional medicine & clinical naturopathy. Pharmaceutical Research, 16, 92–98. https://doi.org/10.4172/2573-4555.1000e146
  • Shakibaei, M., Monzavi, H., Rabbani, Z., Bahar Khaleghi Fard, M., Khosroshahi, S. A. T., Mogha-Dam., & M., Goodarzi. (2022). Effect of raloxifene venous thromboembolism. IJCMCR, 22(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.46998/IJCMCR.2022.22.000536
  • Shoiab, A. A., & Gardouh, A. R. (2020). The nephroprotective effect of Zizphus jujube extract against 5-flurouracil-induced nephropathy. Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences, 4(2), 59–70.
  • Song, X., Wei, C., & Li, X. (2021). The potential role and status of IL-17 family cytokines in breast cancer. International Immunopharmacology, 95, 107544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107544
  • Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
  • Swift, L. P., Cutts, S. M., Nudelman, A., Levovich, I., Rephaeli, A., & Phillips, D. R. (2008). The cardio-protecting agent and topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor sobuzoxane enhances doxorubicin-DNA adduct mediated cytotoxicity. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 61(5), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-007-0528-2
  • Takayama, K., Zeitoun, K., Gunby, R. T., Sasano, H., Carr, B. R., & Bulun, S. E. (1998). Treatment of severe postmenopausal endometriosis with an aromatase inhibitor. Fertility and Sterility, 69(4), 709–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00022-3
  • Tian, Y., Xiao, H., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Yuan, J., Zhang, W., Chen, L., Fan, Y., Zhang, J., Cheng, H., Deng, T., Yang, L., Wang, W., Chen, G., Wang, P., Gong, P., Niu, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). Crosstalk between 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenosine machinery defines disease progression, therapeutic response and pharmacogenomic landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular Cancer, 22(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01706-6
  • Touyz, R. M., Herrmann, S. M., & Herrmann, J. (2018). Vascular toxicities with VEGF inhibitor therapies–focus on hypertension and arterial thrombotic events. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 12(6), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2018.03.008
  • Trayes, K. P., & Cokenakes, S. E. (2021). Breast cancer treatment. American Family Physician, 104(2), 171–178.
  • Vecchi, L., Araújo, T. G., Azevedo, F. V. P. D. V., Mota, S. T. S., Ávila, V. D. M. R., Ribeiro, M. A., & Goulart, L. R. (2021). Phospholipase A2 drives tumorigenesis and cancer aggressiveness through its interaction with annexin A1. Cells, 10(6), 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061472
  • Wang, L., Yu, Y., Ni, S., Li, D., Liu, J., Xie, D., Chu, H. Y., Ren, Q., Zhong, C., Zhang, N., Li, N., Sun, M., Zhang, Z.-K., Zhuo, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Li, M., Xia, W., Zhang, Z., … Zhang, G. (2022). Therapeutic aptamer targeting sclerostin loop3 for promoting bone formation without increasing cardiovascular risk in osteogenesis imperfecta mice. Theranostics, 12(13), 5645–5674. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.63177
  • Weber, G. F. (2015). Hormone therapy. In G. F. Weber (Ed.), Molecular therapies of cancer (pp. 303–332). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13278-5_10
  • Xu, H., Van der Jeught, K., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Yu, T., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Wan, C., So, K. M., Liu, D., Frieden, M., Fang, Y., Mosley, A. L., He, X., Zhang, X., Sandusky, G. E., Liu, Y., Meroueh, S. O., Zhang, C., … Lu, X. (2021). Atractylenolide I enhances responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapy by activating tumor antigen presentation. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 131(10). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI146832
  • Xu, C., Yang, B., Guo, F., Zheng, W., & Poignet, P. (2020). Sparse-view CBCT reconstruction via weighted Schatten p-norm minimization. Optics Express, 28(24), 35469–35482. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.404471
  • Yang, B., Liu, C., Zheng, W., Liu, S., & Huang, K. (2018). Reconstructing a 3D heart surface with stereo-endoscope by learning eigen-shapes. Biomedical Optics Express, 9(12), 6222–6236. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.9.006222
  • Yu, F., Cai, M., Shao, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Targeting protein kinases degradation by PROTACs. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.679120
  • Zanini, S., Renzi, S., Limongi, A. R., Bellavite, P., Giovinazzo, F., & Bermano, G. (2021). A review of lifestyle and environment risk factors for pancreatic cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 145, 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.040
  • Zeng, Q., Bie, B., Guo, Q., Yuan, Y., Han, Q., Han, X., Chen, M., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Liu, M., Liu, P., Deng, H., & Zhou, X. (2020). Hyperpolarized Xe NMR signal advancement by metal-organic framework entrapment in aqueous solution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(30), 17558–17563. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004121117
  • Zhang, X., Qu, Y.-Y., Liu, L., Qiao, Y.-N., Geng, H.-R., Lin, Y., Xu, W., Cao, J., & Zhao, J.-Y. (2021). Homocysteine inhibits pro-insulin receptor cleavage and causes insulin resistance via protein cysteine-homocysteinylation. Cell Reports, 37(2), 109821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109821
  • Zhao, M., & Ramaswamy, B. (2014). Mechanisms and therapeutic advances in the management of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. World Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(3), 248. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.248
  • Zheng, L.-S., Wang, F., Li, Y.-H., Zhang, X., Chen, L.-M., Liang, Y.-J., Dai, C.-L., Yan, Y.-Y., Tao, L.-Y., Mi, Y.-J., Yang, A.-K., To, K. K. W., & Fu, L.-W. (2009). Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474) antagonizes ABCC1-and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibition of their transport function. PLoS One, 4(4), e5172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005172
  • Zhou, Y., Zheng, W., & Shen, Z. (2016). A new algorithm for distributed control problem with shortest-distance constraints. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1604824

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.