590
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Elements of the Menstrual Suppression Debate

Pages 702-719 | Received 31 Aug 2007, Accepted 06 Apr 2008, Published online: 28 Jul 2008

REFERENCES

  • Almstedt Shoepe , H. and Snow , C. M. 2005 . Oral contraceptive use in young women is associated with lower bone mineral density than that of controls . Osteoporosis International , 16 : 1538 – 1544 .
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . December 9 2003 . Gallup survey December 9 , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.acog.org/from_home/publications/press_releases/nr12—09–03—2.cfm
  • Anderson , F. , Hait , H. and Group , S.-S. 2003 . A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive . Contraception , 68 ( 2 ) : 89 – 96 .
  • Anderson , F. , Hait , H. , Hsiu , J. , Thompson-Graves , A. , Wilborn , W. and Willlams , R. 2005 . Endometrial microstructure after long-term use of a 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive regimen . Contraception , 71 ( 1 ) : 55 – 59 .
  • Andrist , L. C. , Arias , R. D. , Nucatola , D. , Kaunitz , A. M. , Musselman , B. L. Reiter , S. 2004 . Women's and providers’ attitudes toward menstrual suppression with extended use of oral contraceptives . Contraception , 70 ( 5 ) : 359 – 363 .
  • Archer , D. F. 2006 . Menstrual-cycle-related symptoms: A review of the rationale for continuous use of oral contraceptives . Contraception , 74 ( 5 ) : 359 – 366 .
  • Archer , D. F. , Jensen , J. T. , Johnson , J. V. , Borisute , H. , Grubb , G. S. and Constantine , G. D. 2006 . Evaluation of a continuous regimen of levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol: Phase 3 study results . Contraception , 74 ( 6 ) : 439 – 445 .
  • Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP) . April 2004 . Health & sexuality: Taking charge of menstruation April , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.arhp.org/healthcareproviders/onlinepublications/healthandsexuality.cfm?ID=337
  • Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP) . 2006 . Menstrual suppression: What it is and how to do it [Interactive Tool] Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.arhp.org/menstrualsuppressiontool/
  • Aubeny , E. , Buhler , M. , Colau , J. C. , Vicaut , E. , Zadikian , M. and Childs , M. 2004 . The Coraliance study: Non-compliant behavior. Results after a 6-month follow-up of patients on oral contraceptives . European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care , 9 ( 4 ) : 267 – 277 .
  • Beral , V. , Hermon , C. , Kay , C. , Hannaford , P. , Darby , S. and Reeves , G. 1999 . Mortality associated with oral contraceptive use: 25 year follow up of cohort of 46,000 women from Royal College of General Practitioners’ oral contraceptive study . British Medical Journal , 318 : 96 – 100 .
  • Birtch , R. L. , Olatunbosun , O. A. and Pierson , R. A. 2006 . Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs. continuous oral contraceptive use . Contraception , 73 ( 3 ) : 235 – 243 .
  • Bolling , D. August 14–20 2003 . “ Revolutionary period: Is Seasonale a boon for women or an innovative marketing ploy? ” . In Philadelphia Citypaper August 14–20 , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2003-08-14/cover.shtml?print=1
  • Bracken , M. B. , Hellenbrand , K. G. and Holford , T. R. 1990 . Conception delay after oral contraceptive use: The effect of estrogen dose . Fertility and Sterility , 53 ( 1 ) : 21 – 27 .
  • Brooks-Gunn , J. and Ruble , D. N. 1980 . The menstrual attitude questionnaire . Psychosomatic Medicine , 42 ( 5 ) : 503 – 512 .
  • Cachrimanidou , A.-C. , Hellberg , D. , Nilsson , S. , Waldenström , U. , Olsson , S.-E. and Sikström , B. 1993 . Long-interval treatment regimen with a desogestrel-containing oral contraceptive . Contraception , 48 ( September ) : 205 – 216 .
  • Choi , P. Y. and McKeown , S. 1997 . What are young undergraduate women's qualitative experiences of the menstrual cycle? . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 18 ( 4 ) : 259 – 265 .
  • Christopher , L. A. and Miller , L. 2007 . Women in war: Operational issues of menstruation and unintended pregnancy . Military Medicine , 172 ( 1 ) : 9 – 16 .
  • Clavel-Chapelon , F. 2002 . Differential effects of reproductive factors on the risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Results from a large cohort of French women . British Journal of Cancer , 86 ( 5 ) : 723 – 727 .
  • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer . 1996 . Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies . The Lancet , 347 ( 9017 ) : 1713 – 1727 .
  • Cote , I. , Jacobs , P. and Cumming , D. 2002 . Work loss associated with increased menstrual loss in the United States . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 100 ( 4 ) : 683 – 687 .
  • Coutinho , E. M. and Segal , S. J. 1999 . Is menstruation obsolete? , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Cox , A. and Feig , C. September 8 2003 . New birth control to limit women's periods September 8 , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/09/04/new.birth.control/
  • Craig , L. B. , Miller , L. and Criniti , A. 2005 . Rapid resumption of ovulation and menstruation following continuous use of the combination oral contraceptive . Fertility and Sterility , 83 : S16
  • Dalton , K. 1983 . Once a month , Claremont, CA : Hunter House, Inc .
  • Davis , A. R. , Kroll , R. , Soltes , B. , Zhang , N. , Grubb , G. S. and Constantine , G. D. 2008 . Occurrence of menses or pregnancy after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive . Fertility and Sterility , 89 ( 5 ) : 1059 – 1063 .
  • Dinger , J. C. , Heinemann , L. A. and Kuhl-Habich , D. 2007 . The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: Final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation . Contraception , 75 ( 5 ) : 344 – 354 .
  • Edelman , A. , Gallo , M. , Jensen , J. , Nichols , M. , Schulz , K. and Grimes , D. 2005 . Continuous or extended cycle versus cyclic use of combined oral contraceptives for contraception . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 3 Article No:CD004695
  • ESHRE Capri Workshop Group . 2005 . Noncontraceptive health benefits of combined oral contraception . Human Reproduction Update , 11 ( 5 ) : 513 – 525 .
  • Farrow , A. , Hull , M. G. R. , Northstone , K. , Taylor , H. , Ford , W. C. L. and Golding , J. 2002 . Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception . Human Reproduction , 17 ( 10 ) : 2754 – 2761 .
  • Frank-Herrmann , P. , Heil , J. , Gnoth , C. , Toledo , E. , Baur , S. Pyper , C. 2007 . The effectiveness of a fertility awareness based method to avoid pregnancy in relation to a couple's sexual behaviour during the fertile time: A prospective longitudinal study . Human Reproduction , 22 ( 5 ) : 1310 – 1319 .
  • Frketich , J. July 6 2007 . “ Pill cuts periods to every 91 days ” . In The Hamilton Spectator July 6 , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.thespec.com/article/215781
  • Furedi , A. 1999 . The public health implications of the 1995 “pill scare” . Human Reproduction Update , 5 ( 6 ) : 621 – 626 .
  • Gerschultz , K. L. , Sucato , G. S. , Hennon , T. R. , Murray , P. J. and Gold , M. A. 2007 . Extended cycling of combined hormonal contraceptives in adolescents: Physician views and prescribing practices . Journal of Adolescent Health , 40 ( 2 ) : 151 – 157 .
  • Gladwell , M. 2000 . John Rock's error . The New Yorker , March 10 : 52 – 63 .
  • Glasier , A. F. , Smith , K. B. , Van Der Spuy , Z. M. , Ho , P. C. , Cheng , L. Dada , K. 2003 . Amenorrhea associated with contraception—An international study on acceptability . Contraception , 67 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
  • Hitchcock , C. L. and Prior , J. C. 2004 . Evidence about extending the duration of oral contraceptive use to suppress menstruation . Women's Health Issues , 14 ( 6 ) : 201 – 211 .
  • Hitchcock , C. L. and Prior , J. C. 2006 . Safety of extended and continuous combined hormonal contraceptives: A systematic review Unpublished manuscript
  • Johnson , J. V. , Grubb , G. S. and Constantine , G. D. 2007 . Endometrial histology following 1 year of a continuous daily regimen of levonorgestrel 90 mug/ethinyl estradiol 20 mug . Contraception , 75 ( 1 ) : 23 – 26 .
  • Johnston-Robledo , I. , Ball , M. , Lauta , K. and Zekoll , A. 2003 . To bleed or not to bleed: Young women's attitudes toward menstrual suppression . Women & Health , 38 ( 3 ) : 59 – 75 .
  • Kahlenborn , C. , Modugno , F. , Potter , D. M. and Severs , W. B. 2006 . Oral contraceptive use as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer: A meta-analysis . Mayo Clinic Proceedings , 81 ( 10 ) : 1290 – 1302 .
  • Kaunitz , A. M. 2000 . Menstruation: Choosing whether … and when . Contraception , 62 ( 6 ) : 277 – 284 .
  • Lee , J. 2007 . The new pill: Controversial birth control drugs could mean the end of menstrual cycles . The Vancouver Sun. , August 18 Retrieved August 19, 2007, from http://www.canada.com/
  • Linn , E. S. , Kaunitz , A. M. , Schnare , S. and Taylor , M. 2001 . The hormone continuum: Accrual of women's health benefits . International Journal of Fertility and Women's Medicine , 46 ( 2 ) : 60 – 72 .
  • Lippman , A. 2004 . Women's cycles up for sale: Neo-medicalization and women's reproductive health . Canadian Women's Health Network Magazine , 6/7 : 3 Retrieved January 14, 2008, from http://www.cwhn.ca/network-reseau/7–1/7–1pg3.html
  • Loudon , N. , Foxwell , M. , Potts , D. , Guild , A. and Short , R. 1977 . Acceptability of an oral contraceptive that reduces the frequency of menstruation: The tri-cycle pill regimen . British Medical Journal , 2 ( Aug 20 ) : 487 – 490 .
  • Martin , R. M. , Hilton , S. R. and Kerry , S. M. 1997 . The impact of the October 1995 “pill scare” on oral contraceptive use in the United Kingdom: Analysis of a general practice automated database . Family Practice , 14 ( 4 ) : 279 – 284 .
  • Massai , R. , Makarainen , L. , Kuukankorpi , A. , Klipping , C. , Duijkers , I. and Dieben , T. 2005 . The combined contraceptive vaginal ring and bone mineral density in healthy pre-menopausal women . Human Reproduction , 20 ( 10 ) : 2764 – 2768 .
  • McPherson , K. 1999 . Type 3 errors, pill scares, and the epidemiology of oral contraception and health . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 53 ( 5 ) : 258 – 260 .
  • Medscape . 22 May 2007 . Poll results: Do you favor or oppose menstrual suppression as a lifestyle choice? 22 May , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.medscape.com/px/instantpollservlet/result?PollID=2241
  • Merskin , D. 1999 . Adolescence, advertising, and the ideology of menstruation . Sex Roles , 40 ( 11–12 ) : 941 – 957 .
  • Miller , L. 2006 . Curriculum Vitae Retrieved January 13, 2007 from http://www.noperiod.com/docs/miller_CV_2006.pdf
  • Miller , L. , Verhoeven , C. H. and Hout , J. 2005 . Extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring: A randomized trial . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 106 ( 3 ) : 473 – 482 .
  • Narrigan , D. 2006 . Women's barrier contraceptive methods: Poised for change . Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health , 51 ( 6 ) : 478 – 485 .
  • Nelson , A. L. 2006 . Extended-regimen contraception: Effects on menstrual symptoms and quality of life . Journal of Family Practice , 55 ( 2 ) : S1 – 8 .
  • Novak , D. P. and Karlsson , R. B. 2005 . Gender differed factors affecting male condom use. A population-based study of 18-year-old Swedish adolescents . International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health , 17 ( 4 ) : 379 – 390 .
  • O’Grady , K. November 2002 . Is menstruation obsolete? November , Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.thirdspace.ca/articles/pr_ogr.htm
  • O’Grady , K. 2006 . Another look at menstrual suppression . Canadian Women's Health Network Magazine , Spring, 3/4 Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://www.cwhn.ca/network-reseau/8-34/8-34pg12.html
  • Prior , J. C. 1997 . Ovulatory disturbances: They do matter . The Canadian Journal of Diagnosis , : 64 – 80 . February
  • Prior , J. C. , Kirkland , S. , Joseph , L. , Kreiger , N. , Murray , T. M. Hanley , D. A. 2001 . Oral contraceptive agent use and bone mineral density in premenopausal women: Cross-sectional, population-based data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 165 : 1023 – 1029 .
  • Rako , S. 2003 . No more periods? The risks of menstrual suppression and other cutting-edge issues about hormones and women's health , New York : Harmony Books .
  • Short , R. V. 1976 . The evolution of human reproduction . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B Biological Sciences , 195 ( 1118 ) : 3 – 24 .
  • Society for Menstrual Cycle Research . June 8 2007 . Position statement: Menstrual suppression (2007) June 8 , Retrieved January 11, 2008, from http://menstruationresearch.org/position/menstrual-suppression-new-2007
  • Sommer , B. 1983 . How does menstruation affect cognitive competence and psychophysiological response? . Women & Health , 8 ( 2–3 ) : 53 – 90 .
  • Spitzer , W. O. 1997 . The 1995 pill scare revisited: Anatomy of a non-epidemic . Human Reproduction , 12 ( 11 ) : 2347 – 2357 .
  • Strassmann , B. I. 1997 . The biology of menstruation in Homo sapiens: Total lifetime menses, fecundity, and nonsynchrony in a natural-fertility population . Current Anthropology , 38 ( 1 ) : 123 – 129 .
  • Study on safety and efficacy of an oral contraceptive in long cycles . 2005 . Retrieved January 14, 2008, from http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00266032
  • Sulak , P. J. , Cressman , B. E. , Waldrop , E. , Holleman , S. and Kuehl , T. J. 1997 . Extending the duration of active oral contraceptive pills to manage hormone withdrawal symptoms . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 89 ( 2 ) : 179 – 183 .
  • Sulak , P. J. , Kuehl , T. J. , Ortiz , M. and Shull , B. L. 2002 . Acceptance of altering the standard 21-day/7-day oral contraceptive regimen to delay menses and reduce hormone withdrawal symptoms . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 186 ( 6 ) : 1142 – 1149 .
  • Sveinsdottir , H. 1998 . Prospective assessment of menstrual and premenstrual experiences of Icelandic women . Health Care for Women International , 19 ( 1 ) : 71 – 82 .
  • Teegarden , D. , Legowski , P. , Gunther , C. W. , McCabe , G. P. , Peacock , M. and Lyle , R. M. 2005 . Dietary calcium intake protects women consuming oral contraceptives from spine and hip bone loss . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 90 ( 9 ) : 5127 – 5133 .
  • Thomas , S. L. and Ellertson , C. 2000 . Nuisance or natural and healthy: Should monthly menstruation be optional for women? . The Lancet , 355 ( 9207 ) : 922 – 924 .
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) . May 22 2007 . Approval letter for Lybrel to Wyeth Pharmaceuticals May 22 , NDA 21–864
  • Vollman , R. F. 1977 . The menstrual cycle , Vol. 7 , Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Company .
  • Walker , A. E. 1997 . The menstrual cycle , London : Routledge .
  • Wilkins , K. , Johansen , H. , Beaudet , M. P. and Neutel , C. I. 2000 . Oral contraceptive use . Health Reports , 11 ( 4 ) : 25 – 37 . (Eng); 27–41 (Fre)
  • Women's Health Initiative Investigators . 2002 . Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 288 ( 3 ) : 321 – 333 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.