Individual and community factors associated with indications of caesarean delivery in Southern Nigeria: Pooled analyses of 2003–2013 Nigeria demographic and health surveys

References

• Akaba, G. O., Agida, T. E., Onafowokan, O., Offiong, R. A., & Adewole, N. D. (2013). Review of Twin Pregnancies in a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 31(2), 272–277. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3702349/pdf/jhpn0031-0272.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinola, O. I., Fabamwo, A. O., Tayo, A. O., Rabiu, K. A., Oshodi, Y. A., & Alokha, M. E. (2014). Caesarean section – an appraisal of some predictive factors in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14, 217, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/14/217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinwande, O., Dikko, H. G., & Samson, A. (2015). Variance Inflation Factor: As a Condition for the Inclusion of Suppressor Variable(s) in Regression Analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 5, 754–767.
   Google Scholar
• Akinyemi, J. O., Bamgboye, E. A., & Ayeni, O. (2013). New trends in under-five mortality determinants and their effects on child survival in Nigeria: A review of childhood mortality data from 1990–2008. African Population Studies, 27(1), 25–42
   Google Scholar
• Althabe, F., Sosa, C., Belizán, J. M., Gibbons, L., Jacquerioz, F., & Bergel, E. (2006). Cesarean section rates and maternal and neonatal mortality in low-, medium-, and high-income countries: An ecological study. Birth, 33(4), 270–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amis, D. (2014). Healthy Birth Practice #1: Let Labor Begin on Its Own. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 23(4), 178–187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antai, D., & Adaji, S. (2012). Community-level influences on women's experience of intimate partner violence and terminated pregnancy in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12, 128, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awoyinka, B. S., Ayinde, O. A., & Omigbodun, A. O. (2006). Acceptability of caesarean delivery to antenatal patients in a tertiary health facility in south-west Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 26(3), 208–210
   Google Scholar
• Aziken, M., Omo-Aghoja, L., & Okonofua, F. (2007). Perceptions and attitudes of pregnant women towards caesarean section in urban Nigeria. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica, 86, 42–47, doi:10.1080/00016340600994950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betrán, A. P., Merialdi, M., Lauer, J. A., Bing-Shun, W., Thomas, J., & Van Look, P., et al. (2007). Rates of caesarean section: Analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 21(2), 98–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betrán, A. P., Ye, J., Moller, A-B., Zhang, J., Gülmezoglu, A. M., & Torloni, M. R. (2016). The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990–2014. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0148343, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallaro, F. L., Cresswell, J. A., VA França, G., Victora, C. G., Barros, A. J. D., & Ronsmans, C. (2013). Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: Cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 91, 914–922D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigbu, C. O., & Ezenyeaku, C. C. (2008). Women's opinions and experiences with induction of labor and cesarean delivery on request in south eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 103, 158–161, doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, K., Cortier, H., Maldonado, F., Mashant, T., & Ford, N., et al. (2012). Cesarean Section Rates and Indications in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Study from Medecins sans Frontieres. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e44484, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chukwuma, A., Wosu, A. C., Mbachu, C., & Weze, K. (2017). Quality of antenatal care predicts retention in skilled birth attendance: A multilevel analysis of 28 African countries. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17, 152, doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1337-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colleran, H., Jasienska, G., Nenko, I., Galbarczyk, A., & Mace, R. (2014). Community-level education accelerates the cultural evolution of fertility decline. Proceedings of The Royal Society B, 281, 20132732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahiru, T. (2017). First-day and Early Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria: A Pooled Cross -sectional Analysis of Nigeria DHS Data. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 19(9), 1–12, doi:10.9734/BJMMR/2017/28247
   Google Scholar
• Enabudoso, E., & Igbarumah, S. (2012). Maternal autonomy on health in a community as assessed by signing of consent for caesarean section and its socio-demographic correlates. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 25(10), 1980–1982, doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.668588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeh, O. K., Agho, K. E., Dibley, M. J., Hall, J., & Page, A. N. (2014). The Impact of Water and Sanitation on Childhood Mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys, 2003–2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 9256–9272, doi:10.3390/ijerph110909256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeh, O. K., Agho, K. E., Dibley, M. J., Hall, J. J., & Page, A. N. (2015). Risk factors for postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: A pooled cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open, 5, e006779, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Office of Statistics [FOS] & IRD/Macro International (1992). Nigeria demographic and health survey 1990. Lagos, Nigeria and Maryland: FOS & IRD/Macro International Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Ministry of Health [FMoH]. (2011). Saving newborn lives in Nigeria: Newborn health in the context of the Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Strategy. 2nd edition. Abuja, Nigeria: FMoH, Save the Children and Jhpiego. Retrieved from http://countdown2015mnch.org/documents/countdown-news/nigeria-full-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Friedenreich, C. M. (1993). Methods for pooled analyses of Epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology, 4(4), 295–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebremedhin, S. (2014). Trend and socio-demographic differentials of Caesarean section rate in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Analysis based on Ethiopia demographic and health surveys data. Reproductive Health, 11, 14, http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/11/1/14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geidam, A. D., Audu, B. M., Kawuwa, B. M., & Obed, J. Y. (2009). Rising trend and indications of caesarean section at the university of Maiduguri teaching hospital, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 8(2), 127–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goicolea, I., & san Sebastian, M. (2010). Unintended pregnancy in the amazon basin of Ecuador: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Equity in Health, 9, 14, http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/9/1/14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer-Williams, N., Enoch, K. S., Booth, B., Starlard-Davenport, A., Sarto, G. E., & Kieber- Emmons, T. (2014). Rural African American women and breast cancer: Social determinants of health shape ability to conceptualize health in the Arkansas Delta. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 9(2), 51–66
   Google Scholar
• Herstad, L., Klungsøyr, K., Skjærven, R., Tanbo, T., Forsén, L., & Åbyholm, T., et al. (2016). Elective cesarean section or not? Maternal age and risk of adverse outcomes at term: A population-based registry study of low-risk primiparous women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16, 230, doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1028-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICF International. (2012). Survey organization manual for demographic and health surveys. MEASURE DHS. Calverton, Maryland: ICF International.
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda, N., Irie, Y., & Shibuya, K. (2013). Determinants of reduced child stunting in Cambodia: Analysis of pooled data from three Demographic and Health Surveys. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 91, 341–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani, M., & Deering, S. (2015). Challenges affecting access to cesarean delivery and strategies to overcome them in low-income countries. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 131, 30–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, H., Jiang, H., Yang, L., Qian, X., & Tang, S. (2015). Factors contributing to the rapid rise of caesarean section: A prospective study of primiparous Chinese women in Shanghai. BMJ Open, 5, e008994, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagas, M. R., Stukel, T. A., Dykes, J., Miglionico, J., Greene, M. A., & Carey, M., et al. (2002). A pooled analysis of 10 case-control studies of melanoma and oral contraceptive use. British Journal of Cancer, 86, 1085–1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravdal, Q. (2012). Further evidence of community education on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Demographic Research, 27(22), doi:10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.22 Retrieved from http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol27/22/27-22.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lavender, T., Hofmeyr, G. J., Neilson, J. P., Kingdon, C., & Gyte, G. M. L. (2012). Caesarean section for non-medical reasons at term. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004660. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004660.pub3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leone, T., Padmadas, S. S., & Matthews, Z. (2008). Community factors affecting rising caesarean section rates in developing countries: An analysis of six countries. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 1236–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, L. D., Sammel, M. D., Hirshberg, A., Elovitz, M. A., & Srinivas, S. K. (2015). Does stage of labor at time of cesarean affect risk of subsequent preterm birth? American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 212(3), 360.e1–360.e7, doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loto, O. M., Adewuya, A. O., Ajenifuja, O. K., Orji, E. O., Ayandiran, E. O., Owolabi, A. T., & Ade-Ojo, I. P. (2010). Cesarean section in relation to self-esteem and parenting among new mothers in southwestern Nigeria. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica, 89, 35–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maharlouei, N., Moalaee, M., Ajdari, S., Zarei, M., & Lankarani, K. B. (2013). Caesarean Delivery in South-Western Iran: Trends and Determinants in a Community-Based Survey. Medical Principle and Practice, 22, 184–188, doi:10.1159/000341762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351–377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mekonnen, Z. A., Lerebo, W. T., Gebrehiwot, T. G., & Abadura, S. A. (2015). Multilevel analysis of individual and community level factors associated with institutional delivery in Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 8, 376, doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1343-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merlo, J., Wagner, P., Ghith, N., & Leckie, G. (2016). An Original Stepwise Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis of Discriminatory Accuracy: The Case of Neighbourhoods and Health. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153778, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] & ORC Macro. (2004). Nigeria demographic and health survey 2003. Calverton, Maryland: NPC and ORC Macro. Retrieved from http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR148/FR148.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] & ICF Macro. (2009). Nigeria demographic and health survey 2008. Abuja, Nigeria: NPC and ICF Macro. Retrieved from http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR222/FR222.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] & ICF International. (2014). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland: NPC and ICF International. Retrieved from http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR293/FR293.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsen, C., Østbye, T., Daltveit, A. K., Mmbaga, B. T., & Sandøy, I. F. (2014). Trends in and socio-demographic factors associated with caesarean section at a Tanzanian referral hospital, 2000 to 2013. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13, 87, http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/13/1/87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien, R. M. (2007). A Caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality and Quantity, 41, 673–690, doi:10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okezie, A. O., Oyefara, B., & Chigbu, C. O. (2007). A 4-year analysis of caesarean delivery in a Nigerian teaching hospital: One-quarter of babies born surgically. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 27(5), 470–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oladapo, O. T., Sotunsa, J. O., & Sule-Odu, A. O. (2004). Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 24(4), 377–381.
   Google Scholar
• Ologunde, R., Vogel, J. P., Cherian, M. N., Sbaiti, M., Merialdi, M., & Yeats, J. (2014). Assessment of cesarean delivery availability in 26 low-and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 211, 504.e1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onoh, R. C., Eze, J. N., Ezeonu, P. O., Lawani, L. O., Iyoke, C. A., & Nkwo, P. O. (2015). A 10-year appraisal of cesarean delivery and the associated fetal and maternal outcomes at a teaching hospital in southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Women's Health, 7, 531–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M., Shariff, A. A., Shafie, A., Saaid, R., & Tahir, R. M. (2015). Caesarean delivery and its correlates in Northern Region of Bangladesh: Application of logistic regression and cox proportional hazard model. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 33, 8, doi:10.1186/s41043-015-0020-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebelo, F., Rocha, C. M. M., Cortes, T. R., Dutra, C. L., & Kac, G. (2010). High cesarean prevalence in a national population-based study in Brazil: The role of private practice. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica, 89, 903–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard, F., Zongo, S., & Ouattara, F. (2014). Fear, guilt, and debt: An exploration of women's experience and perception of cesarean birth in Burkina Faso, West Africa. International Journal of Women's Health, 6, 469–478.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith-Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D., Ritz, J., Albanes, D., Beeson, W. L., & Bernstein, L., et al. (2006). Methods for pooling results of epidemiological studies. Practice of Epidemiology, 163(11), 1053–1064, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj127
   Google Scholar
• Solanke, B. L. (2017). Factors influencing contraceptive use and non-use among women of advanced reproductive age in Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 36, 1, doi:10.1186/s41043-016-0077-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solanke, B. L., Amoo, E. O., & Idowu, A. E. (2018). Improving postnatal checkups for mothers in West Africa: A multilevel analysis. Women & Health, 58(2), 221–245. doi:10.1080/03630242.2017.1292343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza, J. P., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Lumbiganon, P., Laopaiboon, M., Carroli, G., & Fawole, B., et al. (2010). Caesarean section without medical indications is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: The 2004–2008 WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health. BMC Medicine, 8, 71, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, C. K., & Holtz, S. A. (2006). Levels and Trends in Cesarean Birth in the Developing World. Studies in Family Planning, 37(1), 41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. (2011). Stata: Release 12: Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
   Google Scholar
• Tita, A. T. N., Landon, M. B., Spong, C. Y., Lai, Y., Leveno, K. J., & Varner, M. W., et al. (2009). Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360(2), 111–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timor-Tritsch, I. E., & Monteagudo, A. (2012). Unforeseen consequences of the increasing rate of cesarean deliveries: Early placenta accrete and cesarean scar pregnancy. A review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 207(1), 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, N., & Foster, C. (2011). Developing and applying a socio-ecological model to the promotion of healthy eating in the school. Public Health Nutrition, 16(6), 1101–1108, doi:10.1017/S1368980011002655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugwa, E., Ashimi, A., & Abubakar, M. Y. (2015). Caesarean section and perinatal outcomes in a sub-urban tertiary hospital in North-West Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 56(3), 180–184
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ugwu, N. U., & De Kok, B. (2015). Socio-cultural factors, gender roles and religious ideologies contributing to Caesarian-section refusal in Nigeria. Reproductive Health, 12, 70, doi:10.1186/s12978-015-0050-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira, G. O., Fernandes, L. G., Fernandes de Oliveira, N., Silva, L. R., & Vieira, T. (2015). Factors associated with cesarean delivery in public and private hospitals in a city of northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15, 132, doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0570-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar