1,500
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Towards a Fair and Balanced Assessment of Supermax Prisons

Pages 232-270 | Published online: 22 Aug 2006

References

  • Abramsky , S. 2002 . “Return to the madhouse.” . The American Prospect , 13 February 11 : 26 – 29 .
  • Abramsky , S. 1999 . When they get out . The Atlantic Monthly , 283 June : 30 – 36 .
  • Adams , K. 1992 . “ Adjusting to prison life ” . In Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. 275 – 359 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Akers , R. L. and Sellers , C. 2004 . Criminological theories: Introduction, evaluation, and application , (4th ed) , Los Angeles, CA : Roxbury .
  • Anderson , L. 1998 . Is “supermax” too much? Strict isolation of inmates called cruel, ineffective . Chicago Tribune , August 2 : C1
  • Associated Press . 2002 . Ohio ordered to revise inmate‐transfer rules . The Cincinnati Enquirer , March 28 : C6
  • Atherton , E. 2001 . Incapacitation with a purpose . Corrections Today , 63 : 100 – 103 .
  • Austin , J. 2003 . Findings in prison classification and risk assessment , Washington, DC : National Institute of Corrections .
  • Austin , J. and Irwin , J. 2001 . It's about time: America's imprisonment binge , (3rd ed.) , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Austin , J. and McGinnis , K. 2004 . Classification of high‐risk and special management prisoners: A national assessment of current practices , Washington, DC : National Institute of Corrections .
  • Austin , J. , Repko , S. , Harris , R. , McGinnis , K. and Plant , S. 1998 . Evaluation of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice administrative segregation population , Washington, DC : National Council on Crime and Delinquency .
  • Babbie , E. 1995 . The practice of social research , (7th ed.) , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Boin , A. 2001 . Securing safety in the Dutch prison system: Pros and cons of a supermax . The Howard Journal , 40 : 335 – 346 .
  • Bottoms , A. 1999 . “ Interpersonal violence and social order in prisons ” . In Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. and Petersilia , J. 205 – 282 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Briggs , C. S. , Sundt , J. L. and Castellano , T. C. 2003 . The effect of supermaximum security prisons on aggregate levels of institutional violence . Criminology , 41 : 1341 – 1376 .
  • British Broadcasting Corporation News (BBC) . May 15 2000 . US rebuked over torture , May 15 , London, , UK : BBC News . Retrieved January 28, 2005, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/749606.stm
  • Bruton , J. H. 2004 . The big house: Life inside a supermax security prison , Stillwater, MN : Voyageur Press .
  • Burt , M. 1981 . Measuring prison results: Ways to monitor and evaluate corrections performance , Washington, DC : National Institute of Justice .
  • Campbell , R. 2003 . Dollars and sentences: Legislators' views on prisons, punishment, and the budget crisis , New York : Vera Institute of Justice .
  • Caplow , T. and Simon , J. 1999 . “ Understanding prison policy and population trends ” . In Prisons , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. and Petersilia , J. 63 – 120 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Caudle , S. L. 2004 . “ Using qualitative approaches ” . In Handbook of practical program evaluation , Edited by: Wholey , J. S. , Hatry , H. P. and Newcomer , K. E. 417 – 438 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
  • Clarke , M. T. 2001 . Ohio ACLU challenges supermax . Prison Legal News , 12 October : 28
  • CNN.com . 2000 . New prison brings money, jobs, and criticism . CNN.com , February 15 Retrieved January 28, 2005, from http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/02/15/wis.prison.economy
  • Collins , W. C. 2004 . Supermax prisons and the Constitution: Liability concerns in the extended control unit , Washington, DC : National Institute of Corrections .
  • Conover , T. 2000 . Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing , New York : Random House .
  • Corrections Digest . 2002 . Supermax puts seals at doors for security . Corrections Digest , 33 : 4
  • Cunningham , M. D. and Vigen , M. P. 2002 . Death row inmate characteristics, adjustment, and confinement: A critical review of the literature . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 20 : 191 – 210 .
  • Davis , P. December 8 1999 . Inspection report: Ohio State Penitentiary , December 8 , Columbus, OH : Correctional Institution Inspection Committee of the 123rd General Assembly .
  • DeMaio , J. R. 2001 . If you build it, they will come: The threat of overclassification in Wisconsin's supermax prison . Wisconsin Law Review , : 207 – 248 .
  • DiIulio , J. J. 1987 . Governing prisons: A comparative study of correctional management , New York : Free Press .
  • Ekland‐Olson , S. 1986 . Crowding, social control, and prison violence: Evidence from the post‐Ruiz years in Texas . Law and Society Review , 20 : 389 – 421 .
  • Elsner , A. 2004 . Gates of injustice: The crisis in America's prisons , New York : Pearson .
  • Feagin , J. R. , Orum , A. M. and Sjoberg , G. , eds. 1991 . A case for the case study , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina Press .
  • Fellner , J. February 2000 . Out of sight: Super‐maximum security confinement in the United States , February , New York : Human Rights Watch .
  • Florida Corrections Commission . 2000 . 2000 annual report , Tallahassee, FL : Florida Corrections Commission .
  • Franklin , R. H. 1998 . Assessing supermax operations . Corrections Today , 60 : 126 – 127 .
  • Gaes , G. , Flanagan , T. J. , Motiuk , L. L. and Stewart , L. 1999 . “ Adult correctional treatment ” . In Prisons , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. and Petersilia , J. 361 – 426 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Gendreau , P. and Keyes , D. 2001 . Making prisons safer and more humane environments . Canadian Journal of Criminology , 43 : 123 – 130 .
  • Goldenkoff , R. 2004 . “ Using focus groups ” . In Handbook of practical program evaluation , Edited by: Wholey , J. S. , Hatry , H. P. and Newcomer , K. E. 340 – 362 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
  • Gonnerman , J. 1999 . The supermax solution . The Village Voice , May 19 : 36 – 45 .
  • Good , R. 2003 . The supermax solution . The Nation , March 3 : 7
  • Grann , D. 2004 . The Brand: How the Aryan Brotherhood became the most murderous prison gang in America . The New Yorker , LXXX February 16 : 157 – 171 .
  • Grassian , S. 1983 . Psychopathological effects of solitary confinement . American Journal of Psychiatry , 140 : 1450 – 1454 .
  • Grassian , S and Friedman , N. 1986 . Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , 8 : 49 – 65 .
  • Hammack , L. 2004 . Minimum‐security prisons bulging . The Roanoke Times , April 11 : B1
  • Hanes , S. 2004 . State lacks Federal prison . The Baltimore Sun , September 6 : 1B Retrieved September 13, 2004, from http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bal‐md.detention06sep06,1,5717927.story?coll=bal‐local‐headlines
  • Haney , C. 2003 . Mental health issues in long‐term solitary and “supermax” confinement . Crime and Delinquency , 49 : 124 – 156 .
  • Haney , C. and Lynch , M. 1997 . Regulating prisons of the future: A psychological analysis of supermax and solitary confinement . New York University Review of Law and Social Change , 23 : 477 – 570 .
  • Henningsen , R. J. , Johnson , W. W. and Wells , T. 1999 . Supermax Prisons: Panacea or Desperation? . Corrections Management Quarterly , 3 : 53 – 59 .
  • Hershberger , G. L. 1998 . To the max: Supermax facilities provide prison administrators with more security options . Corrections Today , 60 : 54 – 57 .
  • Irwin , J. 2005 . The warehouse prison: Disposal of the new dangerous class , Los Angeles : Roxbury .
  • Jackson , J. and Burke , W. F. Jr. 1999 . Dead run: The untold story of Dennis Stockton and America's only mass escape from death row , New York : Random House .
  • Jackson , M. 2002 . Justice behind the walls: Human rights in Canadian prisons , Vancouver : Douglas & McIntyre .
  • James , M. 2002 . Malvo could go to school at supermax . The Baltimore Sun , November 1 : A8
  • Johnson , K. 2002 . From extreme isolation, waves of felons are freed . USA Today , December 12 : A1 A5
  • Jones , R. P. 2001 . Supermax comes under scrutiny . JSOnline Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , October 20 Retrieved January 28, 2005, from http://www.jsonline.com/news/state/oct01/super21102001.asp
  • Kalman , G. 2001 . Avoiding prison policy by sound bite . Corrections Today , 63 : 106 – 107 .
  • King , R. 1999 . The rise and rise of supermax: An American solution in search of a problem? . Punishment and Society , 1 : 163 – 186 .
  • Knight , K. N. 2000 . “ The evolution of decisionmaking among prison executives, 1975–2000 ” . In Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice system , Edited by: Horney , J. 177 – 224 . Washington, DC : National Institute of Justice .
  • Kurki , L. and Morris , N. 2001 . “ Supermax prisons ” . In Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. 385 – 424 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Logan , C. H. 1993 . “ Criminal justice performance measures for prisons ” . In Performance measures for the criminal justice system , 15 – 59 . Washington, DC : Bureau of Justice Statistics .
  • Lovell , D. , Cloyes , K. , Allen , D. and Rhodes , L. 2000 . Who lives in super‐maximum custody? A Washington State study . Federal Probation , 64 : 33 – 38 .
  • Mears , D. P. 2005 . A Critical Look at Supermax Prisons . Corrections Compendium , 30 : 6 – 7 . 45 – 49 .
  • Mears , D. P. , Moore , G. E. , Travis , J. and Winterfield , L. 2003 . Improving the link between research and drug treatment in correctional settings , Washington, DC : The Urban Institute .
  • Mears , D. P. and Reisig , M. D. 2006 . The theory and practice of supermax prisons . Punishment and Society , 8 : 33 – 57 .
  • Miller , H. A. and Young , G. R. 1997 . Prison segregation: Administrative detention remedy or mental health problem? . Criminal Behavior and Mental Health , 7 : 85 – 94 .
  • Miller , N. D. 1995 . International protection of the rights of prisoners: Is solitary confinement in the United States a violation of international standards? . California Western International Law Journal , 26 : 139 – 172 .
  • Mohr , L. B. 1995 . Impact analysis for program evaluation , (2nd ed.) , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • National Institute of Corrections . 1997 . Supermax housing: A survey of current practice , Washington, DC : National Institute of Corrections .
  • Newcomer , K. E. and Triplett , T. 2004 . “ Using surveys ” . In Handbook of practical program evaluation , Edited by: Wholey , J. S. , Hatry , H. P. and Newcomer , K. E. 257 – 291 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
  • Nitkin , D. 2003 . Maryland wants to demolish supermax as obsolete at 14: State shifts from lockup to rehabilitation in prison . The Baltimore Sun , October 16 : A1
  • Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction . April 9 1998 . “ Director officially opens Ohio State Penitentiary ” . In News Release , April 9 , Columbus, OH : Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction Public Information Service .
  • Pfeiffer , M. B. 2004 . A death in the box . The New York Times Magazine , October 31 : 48 – 53 .
  • Pizarro , J. and Stenius , V. M. K. 2004 . Supermax prisons: Their rise, current practices, and effect on inmates . The Prison Journal , 84 : 248 – 264 .
  • Preer , R. 2004 . The solitary men . The Boston Globe , April 4 : 30 – 37 .
  • Ralph , P. H. and Marquart , J. W. 1991 . Gang violence in Texas prisons . The Prison Journal , 71 : 38 – 49 .
  • Rebman , C. 1999 . The Eighth Amendment and solitary confinement: The gap in protection from psychological consequences . DePaul Law Review , 49 : 567 – 619 .
  • Rhodes , L. A. 2004 . Total confinement: Madness and reason in the maximum security prison , Los Angeles : University of California Press .
  • Riveland , C. 1999a . “ Prison management trends, 1975–2025 ” . In Prisons , Edited by: Tonry , M. H. and Petersilia , J. 163 – 203 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Riveland , C. 1999b . Supermax prisons: Overview and general considerations , Washington, DC : National Institute of Corrections .
  • Rocheleau , A. M. , Forcier , M. and Jackson , J. 1998 . Evaluation of the Massachusetts Department of Correction Department disciplinary unit , Cambridge, MA : BOTEC .
  • Rossi , P. H. , Freeman , H. E. and Lipsey , M. W. 1999 . Evaluation: A systematic approach , (6th ed.) , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Rothman , D. J. 1995 . “ Perfecting the prison: United States, 1789–1865 ” . In The Oxford history of the prison , Edited by: Morris , N. and Rothman , D. J. 111 – 129 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Scheirer , M. A. 1994 . “ Designing and using process evaluation ” . In Handbook of practical program evaluation , Edited by: Wholey , J. S. , Hatry , H. P. and Newcomer , K. E. 40 – 68 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
  • Shelden , R. G. , Tracy , S. K. and Brown , W. B. 1997 . Youth gangs in American society , New York : Wadsworth .
  • Sheppard , R. A. , Geiger , J. R. and Welborn , G. 1996 . Closed maximum security: The Illinois supermax . Corrections Today , 58 : 84 – 106 .
  • Simon , J. 2000 . The “society of captives” in the era of hyper‐incarceration . Theoretical Criminology , 4 : 285 – 308 .
  • Singer , P. 2003 . Inmates volunteer to stay at “supermax” prison . Associated Press , March 3 Retrieved 4 April 2006, http://www.wkyc.com/akron/akron_fullstory.asp?id=3330
  • Sparks , R. , Bottoms , A. E. and Hay , W. 1996 . Prisons and the problem of order , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Steinke , P. 1991 . Using situational factors to predict types of prison violence . Journal of Offender Rehabilitation , 17 : 119 – 132 .
  • Stickrath , T. J. and Bucholtz , G. A. 2003 . “ Supermax prisons: Why? ” . In Supermax prisons: Beyond the rock , Edited by: Neal , D. 1 – 14 . Lanham, MD : American Correctional Association .
  • Suedfeld , P. , Ramirez , C. , Deaton , J. and Baker‐Brown , G. 1982 . Reactions and attributes of prisoners in solitary confinement . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 9 : 303 – 340 .
  • Texas Department of Criminal Justice . 2002 . Administrative segregation plan , Austin, TX : Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division .
  • Timberg , C. 2001 . Documents show use of force at Wallens Ridge . The Washington Post , July 31 : B1
  • Toch , H. 2001 . The future of supermax confinement . The Prison Journal , 81 : 376 – 388 .
  • Toch , H. 2003 . The contemporary relevance of early experiments with supermax reform . The Prison Journal , 83 : 221 – 228 .
  • Walters , S. 2002 . Settlement calls for changes to supermax . JSOnline Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , January 3 Retrieved January 28, 2005, from http://www.jsonline.com/news/state/jan02/9928.asp
  • Ward , D. A. 1995 . A corrections dilemma: How to evaluate super‐max regimes . Corrections Today , 57 : 104 – 108 .
  • Ward , D. A. and Werlich , T. G. 2003 . Alcatraz and Marion: Evaluating super‐maximum custody . Punishment and Society , 5 : 53 – 75 .
  • Webb , L. R. 2001 . Addressing severe behavior problems in a “super‐max” prison setting , Salem, OR : Oregon State Penitentiary .
  • Wells , T. L. , Johnson , W. W. and Henningsen , R. J. 2002 . “ Attitudes of prison wardens toward administrative segregation and supermax prisons ” . In Correctional perspectives , Edited by: Alarid , L. F. and Cromwell , P. F. 171 – 180 . Los Angeles, CA : Roxbury .
  • Zahn , M. 2003 . Supermax death spurs probe of inmate care . JSOnline Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , May 10 Retrieved January 28, 2005, from http://www.jsonline.com/news/metro/may03/140055.asp

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.