References
- Aebi, M . (2008). Measuring the influence of statistical counting rules on cross-national differences in recorded crime. Publication Series – European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control , 55 , 200–218.
- Agnew, R. , Piquero, N. , & Cullen, F . (2009). General strain theory and white-collar crime. In S. Simpson & D. Weisburd (Eds.), The criminology of white-collar crime (pp. 35–60). New York: Springer.
- Applegate, B. , Cullen, F. , Fisher, B. , & Van der Ven, T . (2000). Forgiveness and fundamentalism: Reconsidering the relationship between correctional attitudes and religion. Criminology , 38 , 719–754. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00904.x
- Ayres, I. , & Braithwaite, J . (1992). Responsive regulation: Transcending the deregulation debate . New York: Oxford University Press.
- Baer, M . (2009). Governing corporate compliance. BCL Review , 50 , 949–1019.
- Belluck, P . (1995, December 22). In crackdown on health care fraud, U.S. focuses on Training Hospitals and Clinics. NY Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/22/us/in-crackdown-on-health-care-fraud-us-focuses-on-training-hospitals-and-clinics.html
- Benson, M. , & Simpson, S . (2009). White collar crime: An opportunity perspective . New York: Routledge.
- Biskupic, S . (1998). Fine tuning the Bank Fraud Statute: A prosecutor’s perspective. Marquette Law Review , 82 , 381–403.
- Black, W . (2005). The best way to rob a bank is to own one: How corporate executives and politicians looted the S&L industry . Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
- Borak, D. , & Williams, H . (2016, October 25). Clinton vs. Trump, Where they stand on Wall Street. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://graphics.wsj.com/elections/2016/where-do-clinton-and-trump-stand-on-wall-street/
- Bottoms, A . (1995). Philosophy and politics of punishment and sentencing. In C. Clarkson & R. Morgan (Eds.), The politics of sentencing reform (pp. 17–49). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bowman, F . (2003). Pour encourager les autres – The curious history and distressing implications of the criminal provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Sentencing Guidelines Amendments that followed. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law , 1 , 373–442.
- Breyer, S . (1988). The federal sentencing guidelines and the key compromises upon which they rest. Hofstra Law Review , 17 , 1–50.
- Bucy, P . (1993). Organizational sentencing guidelines: The cart before the horse. Washington University Law Quarterly , 71 , 329–355.
- Bucy, P . (1989). Fraud by fright: White collar crime by health care providers. NCL Review , 67 , 855–937.
- Buell, S . (2014). Is the white collar offender privileged. Duke Law Journal , 63 , 823–889.
- Calavita, K. , Pontell, H. , & Tillman, R . (1997). Big money crime: Fraud and politics in the savings and loan crisis . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Calhoun, C . (2013). Occupy Wall Street in perspective. The British Journal of Sociology , 64 , 26–38. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12002
- CBS (2011, December 4). 60 Minutes: Prosecuting Wall Street. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7390540n
- CBS (2013, January 22). Frontline: The untouchables. PBS television broadcast. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/untouchables
- Coffee, J . (1992). Paradigms lost: The blurring of the criminal and civil law models. And what can be done about it. The Yale Law Journal , 101 , 1875–1893. doi:10.2307/796949
- Coleman, J . (1989). The criminal elite (2nd ed.). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- Cullen, F. , Chouhy, C. , & Jonson, C . (2019). Public opinion about white-collar crime. In M. Rori (Ed.), The handbook of white-collar crime . New York: John Wiley and Sons. [Forthcoming].
- Cullen, F. , Clark, G. , Link, B. , Mathers, R. , Niedospial, J. , & Sheahan, M . (1985). Dissecting white-collar crime: Offense type and punitiveness. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice , 9 , 15–28. doi:10.1080/01924036.1985.9688804
- Cullen, F. , Clark, G. , Mathers, R. , & Cullen, J . (1983). Public support for punishing white-collar crime: Blaming the victim revisited. Journal of Criminal Justice , 11 481–493. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(83)90002-8
- Cullen, F. , Fisher, B. , & Applegate, B . (2000). Public opinion about punishment and corrections. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 27, 1–79). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. doi:10.1086/652198
- Cullen, F. , Hartman, J. , & Lero Jonson, C . (2009). Bad guys: Why the public supports punishing white-collar offenders. Crime, Law and Social Change , 51 , 31–44. doi:10.1007/s10611-008-9143-3
- Das, A. , & Glazer, E . (2016, January 13). Republicans and democrats agree: We hate Wall Street. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/republicans-and-democrats-agree-we-hate-wall-street-1452681567, 13 January 2016).
- Department of Justice. (2009). Attorney general eric holder speaks at the financial fraud enforcement task force press conference. 17 November 2009. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-eric-holder-speaks-financial-fraud-enforcement-task-force-press
- Dodge, M. , Bosick, S. , & Antwerp, V . (2013). Do men and women perceive white-collar and street crime differently? Exploring gender differences in the perception of seriousness, motives, and punishment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 29 , 399–415. doi:10.1177/1043986213496378
- Edelhertz, H . (1970). The nature, impact and prosecution of white-collar crime . Washington, DC: National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
- Enns, P . (2014). The public's increasing punitiveness and its influence on mass incarceration in the United States. American Journal of Political Science , 58 , 857–872. doi:10.1111/ajps.12098
- Federal Judicial Center (2016). Criminal Integrated Database (IDB): 1996 to Present Codebook (https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/idb/codebooks/Criminal%20Code%20Book%201996%20Forward.pdf).
- Feeley, M. , & Simon, J . (1992). The new penology: Notes on the emerging strategy of corrections and its implications. Criminology , 30 , 449–474. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01112.x
- Felson, M. , & Clarke, R . (1998). Opportunity makes the thief. Police Research Series Paper 98, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. London: Home Office.
- Gainer, R . (1998). Criminal code reform: Past and future. Buffalo Criminal Law Review , 2 , 45–159. doi:10.1525/nclr.1998.2.1.45
- Garland, D . (2018). Theoretical advances and problems in the sociology of punishment. Punishment & Society , 20 , 8–33. doi:10.1177/1462474517737274
- Garland, D . (2001). The culture of control . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Garrett, B . (2014). Too big to jail: How prosecutors compromise with corporations . Harvard: Harvard University Press.
- Gottschalk, P. , & Gunnesdal, L . (2017). Expert elicitation to estimate the size of an iceberg based on the tip: Some methodological challenges in determining the magnitude of white-collar crime. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences , 12 , 224–236.
- Grabosky, P. , Braithwaite, J. , & Wilson, P . (1987). The myth of community tolerance toward white-collar crime. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology , 20 , 33–44. doi:10.1177/000486588702000104
- Grant, S . (2016). Constructing the durable penal agent: Tracing the development of habitus within English probation officers and Scottish criminal justice social workers. British Journal of Criminology , 56 , 750–768. doi:10.1093/bjc/azv075
- Hagan, J. , Nagel, I. , & Albonetti, C . (1980). The differential sentencing of white-collar offenders in ten federal district courts. American Sociological Review , 45 , 802–820. doi:10.2307/2094896
- Hamilton, C . (2014). Reconceptualizing penality: Towards a multidimensional measure of punitiveness. British Journal of Criminology , 54 , 321–343. doi:10.1093/bjc/azt075
- Hasnas, J . (2006). Trapped: When acting ethically is against the law . Washington, DC: Cato Institute.
- Holtfreter, K. , Van Slyke, S. , Bratton, J. , & Gertz, M . (2008). Public perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment. Journal of Criminal Justice , 36 , 50–60. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.12.006
- Huff, R. , Desilets, C. , & Kane, J . (2010). The 2010 National Public Survey on White Collar Crime. The National White Collar Crime Centre. Retrieved from https://www.nw3c.org/docs/research/2010-national-public-survey-on-white-collar-crime.pdf
- Husak, D . (2008). Overcriminalization: The limits of the criminal law . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Kady, M . (2009, March 16). Grassley on AIG execs: Quit or suicide. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/grassley-on-aig-execs-quit-or-suicide-020083
- Katz, J . (1980). The social movement against white-collar crime. Criminology Review Yearbook , 2 , 161–184.
- Kaufman, T . (2010). Investigating and prosecuting financial fraud after the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act: Hearing before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 111th Cong. 1–4 (statement of Sen. Kaufman). Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg71990/html/CHRG-111shrg71990.htm
- Khanna, V . (2004). Corporate crime legislation: A political economy analysis. Washington University Law Review , 82 , 95–141.
- Kilcommins, S. , O’Donnell, I. , O’Sullivan, E. , & Vaughan, B . (2004). Crime, punishment and the search for order in Ireland . Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.
- Lacey, N. , Soskice, D. , & Hope, D . (2018). Understanding the determinants of penal policy: Crime, culture, and comparative political economy. Annual Review of Criminology , 1 , 195–217. doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-091942
- Lappi-Seppälä, T . (2016). Nordic sentencing. Crime and Justice , 45 , 17–82. doi:10.1086/686040
- Laufer, W. S . (2006). Illusions of compliance and governance. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society , 6 , 239–249. doi:10.1108/14720700610671846
- Lemos, M. , & Minzner, M . (2013). For-profit public enforcement. Harvard Law Review , 127 , 853–913.
- Levi, M . (2013). Regulating Fraud (Routledge Revivals): White-collar crime and the criminal process . Abingdon: Routledge.
- Logan, M. W., Morgan, M. A., Benson, M. L., & Cullen, F. T. (2019). Coping with imprisonment: Testing the special sensitivity hypothesis for white-collar offenders. Justice Quarterly , 36 (2), 225–254.
- Luna, E . (2005). The overcriminalization phenomenon. American University Law Review, 54 , 703–743.
- Mascini, P . (2013). Why was the enforcement pyramid so influential? And what price was paid? Regulation & Governance , 7 , 48–60. doi:10.1111/rego.12003
- Mann, K . (1985). Defending white-collar crime: A portrait of attorneys at work . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Matthews, R . (2005). The myth of punitiveness. Theoretical Criminology , 9 , 175–201. doi:10.1177/1362480605051639
- McBarnet, D . (2006). After Enron will ‘whiter than white collar crime’ still wash?. The British Journal of Criminology , 46 , 1091–1109. doi:10.1093/bjc/azl068
- McGrath, J . (2015). Corporate and white-collar crime in Ireland: A new architecture of regulatory enforcement . Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
- McNeill, F. , Burns, N. , Halliday, S. , Hutton, N. , & Tata, C . (2009). Risk, responsibility and reconfiguration: Penal adaptation and misadaptation. Punishment & Society , 11 , 419–442. doi:10.1177/1462474509341153
- Michel, C. , Cochran, J. , & Heide, K . (2016). Public knowledge about white-collar. Crime, Law and Social Change , 65 , 67–91. doi:10.1007/s10611-015-9598-y
- Michel, C. , Heide, K. , & Cochran, J . (2014a). The consequences of knowledge about elite deviance. American Journal of Criminal Justice , 39 , 1–24.
- Michel, C. , Heide, K. , & Cochran, J . (2014b). Sociodemographic correlates of knowledge about elite deviance. American Journal of Criminal Justice , 39 , 1–22.
- Miller, S . (2014, September 9). Elizabeth Warren demands jail time for Wall Street bankers. The Washington Times. Retrieved from https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/9/elizabeth-warren-demands-jail-time-wall-st-bankers/
- Minzer, M . (2014). Should agencies enforce. Minnesota Law Review , 99 , 2113–2173.
- Nelkin, D . (2007). White-collar and corporate crime. In M. Maguire , R. Morgan & R. Reiner (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Criminology (4th ed., pp. 733–770). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Newburn, T. , Jones, T. , & Blaustein, J . (2018). Policy mobilities and comparative penality. Theoretical Criminology , 22 , 563–581. doi:10.1177/1362480617713985
- Newman, D . (1957). Public attitudes toward a form of white-collar crime. Social Problems , 4 , 228–232. doi:10.2307/798774
- Newport, F . (2014, September 15). Few Americans Want More Gov’t Regulation of Business. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/176015/few-americans-gov-regulation-business.aspx
- NY Times (2008, April 10). Editorial, Going Soft on Corporate Crime, NY TIMES. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/10/opinion/10thu2.html?mcubz=1
- NY Times (2012, August 26). Editorial, No Crime, No Punishment, NY TIMES. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/opinion/sunday/no-crime-no-punishment.html
- Obama, B . (2008, October 13). US election: Full text of Barack Obama's speech on the economy. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/13/uselections2008-barackobama
- Obama, B . (2012, January 26). The White House, Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2012/01/25/2012-state-unionaddress-enhanced-version#transcript
- Paley, A . (2009, February 12). Lawmakers line up bankers, unleash anger of the masses. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/11/AR2009021100921.html
- Pearce, F. , & Tombs, S . (2003). Dance your anger and your joys: Multinational corporations, power and ‘crime’. In C. Sumner (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to criminology (pp. 359–376). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Posner, E. , & Kahan, D . (1999). Shaming white-collar criminals: A proposal for reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Journal of Law and Economics , 42 , 365–392. doi:10.1086/467429
- Pratt, J . (2011). The power and limits of populism: An illustration from recent penal developments in New Zealand. In S. Karstedt , I. Loader , & H. Strang (Eds.), Emotions, Crime, and Justice . Portland, OR: Hart.
- Protess, B. , & Hirschfeld Davis, J . (2017, February 3). Trump moves to roll back Obama-Era financial regulations. NY TIMES. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/business/dealbook/trump-congress-financial-regulations.html
- Rakoff, J . (1980). The Federal mail fraud statute (part I). Duquesne Law Review , 18 , 771–822.
- Rebovich, D. , Layne, J. , Jiandani, J. , & Hage, S . (2000). The national public survey on white collar crime . Morgantown, WV: National White Collar Crime Center.
- Reed, J. , & Reed, R . (1975). Doctor, lawyer, Indian Chief: Old rhymes and new on white-collar crime. International Journal of Criminology & Penology , 3 , 279–293.
- Reiman, J. , & Leighton, P . (2016). The rich get richer and the poor get prison: Ideology, class, and criminal justice . Abingdon: Routledge.
- Reuters. (2008, September 26). Factbox: Obama, McCain quotes on financial crisis, economy. Retrieved form https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-debate-financial-factbox/factbox-obama-mccain-quotes-on-financial-crisis-economy-idUSTRE48Q0UV20080927
- Reynolds, A . (2008, October 12). What to do about executive compensation. Washington Times. Retrieved from https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/what-do-about-executive-compensation
- Rhode, D. , & Paton, P . (2002). Lawyers, ethics, and enron. Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance , 8 , 9–38.
- Rubin, A. , & Phelps, M . (2017). Fracturing the penal state: State actors and the role of conflict in penal change. Theoretical Criminology , 21 , 422–440. doi:10.1177/1362480617724829
- Sanders, B . (2008, October 1). Press release, Wall Street Bailout. Retrieved from http://sanders.senate.gov/news/record.cEm?id=303980
- Shover, N., & Hochstetler, A. (2005). Choosing white-collar crime. Cambridge University Press.
- Shover, N. , & Cullen, F . (2008). Studying and teaching white‐collar crime: Populist and patrician perspectives. Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 19 , 155–174. doi:10.1080/10511250802137200
- Simon, J . (2007). Governing through crime: How the war on crime transformed American democracy and created a culture of fear . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Simpson, S . (1986). The decomposition of antitrust: Testing a multi-level, longitudinal model of profit-squeeze. American Sociological Review , 51 , 859–875. doi:10.2307/2095372
- Simpson, S . (1987). Cycles of illegality: Antitrust violations in corporate America. Social Forces , 65 , 943–963. doi:10.1093/sf/65.4.943
- Simpson, S. , & Yeager, P . (2015). Building a comprehensive white-collar violations data system, Final Technical Report. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bjs/grants/248667.pdf
- Skibell, R . (2003). Cybercrime and misdemeanors: A reevaluation of the computer fraud and abuse act. Berkeley Technology Law Journal , 18 , 909–944.
- Stempell, J . (2009). Grassley backtracks on AIG suicide comments. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aig-grassley-sb/grassley-backtracks-on-aig-suicide-comments-idUSTRE52G3BQ20090317
- Stuntz, W . (2001). The pathological politics of criminal law. Michigan Law Review , 100 , 505–600. doi:10.2307/1290411
- Sutherland, E . (1940). White-collar criminality. American Sociological Review , 5 (1), 1–12. doi:10.2307/2083937
- Sutherland, E . (1949). White collar crime . New York: Dryden Press.
- Tombs, S . (2013). Corporate crime. In C. Hale , A. Wahidin , K. Hayward & E. Wincup (Eds.), Criminology (pp. 227–246). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Thielo, A. , Cullen, F. , Cohen, D. , & Chouhy, C . (2015). Rehabilitation in a red state: Public support for correctional reform in Texas. Criminology & Public Policy , 15 , 137–170. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12182
- Tonry, M . (2014). Why crime rates are falling throughout the Western world. Crime & Justice , 43 , 1–63. doi:10.1086/678181
- USSC. (1996). Overview of Federal Criminal Cases. Fiscal Year 1996. United States Sentencing Commission.
- USSC. (2014). Overview of Federal Criminal Cases. Fiscal Year 2014. United States Sentencing Commission.
- Wall Street Journal Opinion Poll. (2005, July 14). Did former WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers receive a fair sentence? Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://discussions.wsj.com/n/mb/message.asp?webtag=wsjvoices&nav=messages&msg=3572&$LinkDISCUSSIONQueryString$
- Walsh, B. , & Joslyn, T . (2010). Without intent: How Congress is eroding the criminal intent requirement in Federal law. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/report/without-intent-how-congress-eroding-the-criminal-intent-requirement
- Warren, E . (2016). Rigged Justice 2016: How weak enforcement lets offenders of easy. Washington: Office of United States Senate, Office of Elizabeth Warren. Retrieved from https://www.warren.senate.gov/files/documents/Rigged_Justice_2016.pdf
- Weisburd, D. , & Waring, E . (2001). White-collar crime and criminal careers . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Weisburd, D. , Wheeler, S. , Waring, E. , & Bode, N . (1991). Crimes of the middle classes: White-collar offenders in the federal courts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Wheeler, S. , Mann, K. , & Sarat, A . (1988). Sitting in judgment: The sentencing of white-collar criminals. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
- Wheeler, S. , Weisburd, D. , Waring, E. , & Bode, N . (1987). White collar crimes and criminals. American Criminal Law Review , 25 , 331–357.
- Williamson, E . (2009). Obama slams ‘Fat Cat’ bankers. Wall Street Journal, 14 December 2009. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126073152465089651
- Yates, S . (2015). Deputy Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, to Heads of Department Components and All U.S. Attorneys, Individual Accountability for Corporate Wrongdoing. 9 September 2015. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/dag/file/
- Yeager, P . (1993). The limits of law: The public regulation of private pollution . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Yeager, P . (2016). The practical challenges of responding to white-collar crime. In S. Van Slyke , M. Benson & Cullen (Eds.), The oxford handbook of white-collar crime (pp. 643–661). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Yeager, P. , & Simpson, S . (2009). Environmental crime. In M. Tonry (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of crime and public policy (pp. 325–355). Oxford: Oxford University Press.