Why Your Bar Has Crime but Not Mine: Resolving the Land Use and Crime – Risky Facility Conflict

References

• Block, R. L., & Block, C. R. (1995). Space, place and crime: Hot spot areas and hot places of liquor-related crime. Crime and Place, 4(2), 145–184.
   Google Scholar
• Blumstein, A. (1998). US criminal justice conundrum: Rising prison populations and stable crime rates. Crime & Delinquency, 44(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128798044001014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., & Rosenfeld, R. (1991). Trend and deviation in crime rates: A comparison of UCR and NCS data for burglary and robbery. Criminology, 29(2), 237–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01066.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boessen, A., & Hipp, J. R. (2015). Close-ups and the scale of ecology: Land uses and the geography of social context and crime. Criminology, 53(3), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caravaca-Sánchez, F., Wolff, N., & Teasdale, B. (2019). Exploring associations between interpersonal violence and prison size in Spanish prisons. Crime & Delinquency, 65(14), 2019–2043. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718763134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmelarova, V. (2007). The Hausman test, and some alternatives, with heteroskedastic data [PhD Dissertation]. Louisiana State University.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V., & Bichler-Robertson, G. (1998). Place managers, slumlords and crime in low rent apartment buildings. Security Journal, 11(1), 11–19.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Gorr, W., & Singh, P. (2003). Estimating intervention effects in varying risk settings: Do police raids reduce illegal drug dealing at nuisance bars? Criminology, 41(2), 257–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00988.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L. E., Kluegel, J. R., & Land, K. C. (1981). Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 505–524. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawes, R. M. (1979). The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making. American Psychologist, 34(7), 571–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.7.571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmond, M., & Valdez, N. (2013). Unpolicing the urban poor: Consequences of third-party policing for inner-city women. American Sociological Review, 78(1), 117–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412470829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, S., & Welsh, B. C. (2020). Place managers for crime prevention: the theoretical and empirical status of a neglected situational crime prevention technique. Crime prevention and community safety, 22, 99–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E. (1994). Drug markets and drug places: A case-control study of the spatial structure of illicit drug dealing [PhD Dissertation]. University of Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E. (2019). Place managers and crime places. In Oxford research encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E., Clarke, R. V., & Guerette, R. T. (2007). Risky facilities: Crime concentration in homogeneous sets of establishments and facilities. In G. Farrell, K. J. Bowers, & M. Townsley (Eds.), Imagination for crime prevention (pp. 225–264). Criminal Justice Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, J., & Guerette, R. (2012). “Own the place, own the crime” prevention: How evidence about place-based crime shifts the burden of prevention. In R. Loeber & B. C. Welsh (Eds.), The future of criminology (pp. 166–171). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E., & Madensen, T. D. (2018). Place management. In G. J. N. Bruinsma, & S. D. Johnson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of environmental criminology (pp. 626–663). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E., & Wartell, J. (1998). Improving the management of rental properties with drug problems: A randomized experiment. Crime Prevention Studies, 9, 161–185.
   Google Scholar
• Favarin, S. (2018). This must be the place (to commit a crime). Testing the law of crime concentration in Milan, Italy. European Journal of Criminology, 15(6), 702–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818757700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felson, M. (1986). Linking criminal choices, routine activities, informal control, and criminal outcomes. In D. B. Cornish & R. Clarke (Eds). The reasoning criminal (pp. 119–128). Routledge, Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Geronimus, A. T., & Korenman, S. (1992). The socioeconomic consequences of teen childbearing reconsidered. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(4), 1187–1214. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist, A. M., Deryol, R., Payne, T. C., & Wilcox, P. (2019). Place management in neighborhood context: An analysis of crime at apartments in Cincinnati. Security Journal, 32(4), 501–522. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00177-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorr, W. L., & Kurland, K. S. (2013). GIS tutorial 1: Basic workbook for ArcGIS 10.3.X. ESRI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gorr, W. L., & Lee, Y. (2015). Early warning system for temporary crime hot spots. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9223-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorr, W., Lee, Y. (2012). Longitudinal study of crime hot spots. Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Forecasting.
   Google Scholar
• Groff, E. R. (2014). Quantifying the exposure of street segments to drinking places nearby. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(3), 527–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-013-9213-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groff, E. R., & Lockwood, B. (2014). Criminogenic facilities and crime across street segments in Philadelphia: Uncovering evidence about the spatial extent of facility influence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 51(3), 277–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427813512494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, S. W., Rohe, W. M., & Williams, J. R. (1982). Safe and secure neighborhoods: Physical characteristics and informal territorial control in high and low crime neighborhoods. US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Haberman, C. P., & Ratcliffe, J. H. (2015). Testing for temporally differentiated relationships among potentially criminogenic places and census block street robbery counts. Criminology, 53(3), 457–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, T. C., & Miethe, T. D. (2015). Configural behavior settings of crime event locations: Toward an alternative conceptualization of criminogenic microenvironments. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(3), 373–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427814566639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellman, D. A., & Naroff, J. L. (1979). The impact of crime on urban residential property values. Urban Studies, 16(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/713702454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindelang, M. J. (1976). Criminal victimization in eight American cities: A descriptive analysis of common theft and assault. Ballinger Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Kubrin, C. E., Squires, G. D., Graves, S. M., & Ousey, G. C. (2011). Does fringe banking exacerbate neighborhood crime rates? Investigating the social ecology of payday lending. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 437–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2011.00719.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Land, K. C., McCall, P. L., & Cohen, L. E. (1990). Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space? American Journal of Sociology, 95(4), 922–963. https://doi.org/10.1086/229381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., Eck, J. E., SooHyun, O., & Martinez, N. N. (2017). How concentrated is crime at places? A systematic review from 1970 to 2015. Crime Science, 6(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-017-0069-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemieux, A. M. (2011). Risks of violence in major daily activities United States, 2003–2005 [PhD dissertation]. Rutgers University.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, S. D. (1999). The changing relationship between income and crime victimization. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 5(3), 87–98.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, S., & Clarke, M. (2001). Forest plots: Trying to see the wood and the trees. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 322(7300), 1479–1480. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7300.1479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loukaitou-Sideris, A. (1999). Hot spots of bus stop crime: The importance of environmental attributes. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(4), 395–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369908976070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madensen, T. D. (2007). Bar management and crime: Toward a dynamic theory of place management and crime hotspots [PhD Dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.
   Google Scholar
• Madensen, T. D., & Eck, J. E. (2008). Violence in bars: Exploring the impact of place manager decision-making. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 10(2), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1057/cpcs.2008.2
   Google Scholar
• Madensen, T. D., & Eck, J. E. (2013). Crime places and place management. In F. T. Cullen & P. Wilcox (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of criminological theory (pp. 554–578). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mazerolle, L. G., Roehl, J., & Kadleck, C. (1998). Controlling social disorder using civil remedies: Results for a randomized field experiment in Oakland, California. In L. G. Mazerolle & J. Roehl (Eds.), Civil remedies and crime prevention (pp. 141–159). Criminal Justice Press.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, M. E. (2005). Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf’s law. Contemporary Physics, 46(5), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107510500052444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, O., & Franck, K. A. (1982). The effects of building size on personal crime and fear of crime. Population and Environment, 5(4), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01257071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O, S., & Lee, Y. (2016). Crime and land use in Pittsburgh: A micro-size grid-cell analysis of the influence of land-uses on area crime. Crime Prevention & Community Safety, 18(3), 204–227. https://doi.org/10.1057/cpcs.2016.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pareto, V. (1896). Cours d'économie politique: Professé à l'Universi̧té de Lausanne (Vol. 1). F. Rouge.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, K. F., & McCall, P. L. (1999). Structural conditions and racial homicide patterns: A look at the multiple disadvantages in urban areas. Criminology, 37(3), 447–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00493.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, T. C. (2010). Does changing ownership change crime? An analysis of apartment ownership and crime in Cincinnati [PhD Dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe, J. H. (2004). Geocoding crime and a first estimate of a minimum acceptable hit rate. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 18(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001596076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reppetto, T. A. (1976). Crime prevention and the displacement phenomenon. Crime & Delinquency, 22(2), 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/001112877602200204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, K. J., & Smith, W. R. (2002). Socioecological models of automotive theft: Integrating routine activity and social disorganization approaches. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39(3), 304–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242780203900303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roh, S., & Leipnik, M. R. (2005). Geographic profiling and spatial analysis of serial homicides. In F. Wang (Ed.), Geographic information systems and crime analysis (pp. 137–152). IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Roncek, D. W., & Bell, R. (1981). Bars, blocks, and crimes. Journal of Environmental Systems, 11(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.2190/R0G0-FRWY-100J-6KTB
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncek, D. W., & Maier, P. A. (1991). Bars, blocks, and crimes revisited: Linking the theory of routine activities to the empiricism of “hot spots”. Criminology, 29(4), 725–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01086.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncek, D. W., & Pravatiner, M. A. (1989). Additional evidence that taverns enhance nearby crime. Sociology and Social Research, 73(4), 185–188.
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, R., Eck, J. E., & Dunham, J. (2010). Super controllers and crime prevention: A routine activity explanation of crime prevention success and failure. Security Journal, 23(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2009.17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 277(5328), 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R., & Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27(1), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, W. R., Frazee, S. G., & Davison, E. L. (2000). Furthering the integration of routine activity and social disorganization theories: Small units of analysis and the study of street robbery as a diffusion process. Criminology, 38(2), 489–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00897.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stucky, T. D. (2017). Land use and crime. Oxford Bibliographies Online in Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0210
   Google Scholar
• Stucky, T. D., & Ottensmann, J. R. (2009). Land use and violent crime. Criminology, 47(4), 1223–1264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00174.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. B., & Harrell, A. (1996). Physical environment and crime (pp. 11–12). US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Thaler, R. (1978). A note on the value of crime control: Evidence from the property market. Journal of Urban Economics, 5(1), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(78)90042-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillyer, M. S., & Walter, R. J. (2019). Busy businesses and busy contexts: The distribution and sources of crime at commercial properties. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(6), 816–850. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819848083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsley, M., Reid, S., Reynald, D., Rynne, J., Hutchins, B. (2013). Crime in High-Rise Buildings: Planning for Vertical Community Safety. Criminology Research Grants, Criminology Research Advisory Council. http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au
   Google Scholar
• Twinam, T. (2017). Danger zone: Land use and the geography of neighborhood crime. Journal of Urban Economics, 100(C), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2017.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Vuong, Q. H. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses. Econometrica, 57(2), 307–333. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisburd, D. (2015). The law of crime concentration and the criminology of place. Criminology, 53(2), 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisburd, D., Groff, E. R., & Yang, S.-M. (2012). The criminology of place: Street segments and our understanding of the crime problem. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox, P., & Eck, J. E. (2011). Criminology of the unpopular: Implications for policy aimed at payday lending facilities. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2011.00721.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J. M. (1999). Distribution-free estimation of some nonlinear panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00033-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. South-Western Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar