319
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Examining an Indirect Pathway from the Variety of Stressful Life Events to Violent Victimization through Acquired Psychological Symptoms

ORCID Icon &
Pages 953-982 | Received 25 Jul 2019, Accepted 09 Mar 2021, Published online: 17 May 2021

References

  • Aaron, L., & Dallaire, D. H. (2010). Parental incarceration and multiple risk experiences: Effects on family dynamics and children’s delinquency. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1471–1484.
  • Agnew, R. (2006). General strain theory: Current status and directions for further research. In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, and K. R. Belvins (Eds.), Taking stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 101–123). Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’? Psychological Medicine, 40, 717–729.
  • Beaver, K. M., Nedelec, J. L., Barnes, J. C., Boutwell, B. B., & Boccio, C. (2016). The association between intelligence and personal victimization in adolescence and adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 355–360.
  • Boisvert, D., Wells, J., Armstrong, T. A., & Lewis, R. H. (2018). Serotonin and self-control: A genetically moderated stress sensitization effect. Journal of Criminal Justice, 56, 98–106.
  • Bolton, J., Cox, B., Clara, I., & Sareen, J. (2006). Use of alcohol and drugs to self-medicate anxiety disorders in a nationally representative sample. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 818–825.
  • Bollen, K. A. (2002). Latent variables in psychology and the social sciences. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 605–634.
  • Bouffard, L. A., & Koeppel, M. D. (2014). Understanding the potential long-term physical and mental health consequences of early experiences of victimization. Justice Quarterly, 31, 568–587.
  • Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Adreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 216–222.
  • Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 626–632. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626
  • Breslau, N., Lucia, V. C., & Alvarado, G. F. (2006). Intelligence and other predisposing factors in exposure to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a follow-up study at age 17 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(11), 1238–1245.
  • Britt, C. L., Rocque, M., & Zimmerman, G. M. (2018). The analysis of bounded count data in criminology. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34, 591–607.
  • Broidy, L. M., Daday, J. K., Crandall, C. S., Klar, D. P., & Jost, P. F. (2006). Exploring demo-graphic, structural, and behavioral overlap among homicide offenders and victims. Homicide Studies, 10, 155–180.
  • Brown, S., & Fite, P. J. (2016). Stressful life events predict peer victimization: Does anxiety account for this link? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 2616–2625.
  • Brown, S., Fite, P. J., DiPierro, M., & Bortolato, M. (2017). Links Between stressful life events and proactive and reactive functions of aggression. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26, 691–699.
  • Bugental, D. B., Lewis, J. C., Lin, E., Lyon, J., & Kopeikin, H. (1999). In charge but not in control: The management of teaching relationship by adults with low perceived power. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1367–1378.
  • Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., Meier, M. H., Ramrakha, S., Shalev, I., Poulton, R., Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119–137.
  • Cava, M. J., Buelga, S., & Tomás, I. (2018). Peer victimization and dating violence victimization: The mediating role of loneliness, depressed mood, and life satisfaction. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36, 2677–2702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760013
  • Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). A meta-analysis of factors predicting cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: From the social cognitive and media effects approach. New Media & Society, 19, 1194–1213.
  • Cho, S., & Wooldredge, J. (2016). The link between juvenile offending and victimization: Sources of change over time in bullying victimization risk among South Korean adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 71, 119–129.
  • Cohen, L. E., and., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activities approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 88–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589
  • Cohen, L. E., Kluegel, J. R., & Land, K. C. (1981). Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Review, 46, 505–524.
  • Connolly, E. J., & Beaver, K. M. (2016). Considering the genetic and environmental overlap between bullying victimization, delinquency, and symptoms of depression/anxiety. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31, 1230–1256.
  • Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry, 1, 16–20.
  • Cromer, K. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Murphy, D. L. (2007). An investigation of traumatic life events and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1683–1691.
  • Daday, J. K., Broidy, L. M., Crandall, C. S., & Sklar, D. P. (2005). Individual, neighborhood, and situational factors associated with violent victimization and offending. Criminal Justice Studies, 18, 215–235.
  • Dienes, K. A., Hammen, C., Henry, R. M., Cohen, A. N., & Daley, S. E. (2006). The stress sensitization hypothesis: understanding the course of bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 95, 43–49.
  • Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974). A brief historical introduction to research on stressful life events. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1982). Some issues in research on stressful life events. In T. Milton, C. J. Green, & R. B. Meagher Jr (Eds.), Handbook of clinical health psychology (pp. 91–102). Springer.
  • Dunn, H. K., Clark, M. A., & Pearlman, D. N. (2017). The relationship between sexual history, bullying victimization, and poor mental health outcomes among heterosexual and sexual minority high school students: A feminist perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32, 3497–3519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515599658
  • Ellrich, K., & Baier, D. (2016). The influence of personality on violent victimization–a study on police officers. Psychology, Crime & Law, 22, 538–560.
  • Elwert, F. (2013). Graphical causal models. In S. L. Morgan (Ed.) Handbook of causal analysis for social research (pp. 245–273). Springer.
  • Farrell, G., & Pease, K. (2001). Repeat victimization. Criminal Justice Press.
  • Finkelhor, D., & Asdigian, N. L. (1996). Risk factors for youth victimization: beyond a lifestyle/routine activities theory approach. Violence and Victims, 11(23), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.11.1.3
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Re-victimization patterns in a national longitudinal sample of children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 479–502.
  • Franko, D. L., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Brown, K., Barton, B. A., McMahon, R. P., Schreiber, G. B., Crawford, P. B., & Daniels, S. R. (2004). Expanding our understanding of the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in black and white adolescent girls. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1319–1330.
  • Gatchel, R. J. (2004). Comorbidity of chronic pain and mental health disorders: the biopsychosocial perspective. American Psychologist, 59, 795–805. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.795
  • Gershuny, B. S., & Sher, K. J. (1998). The relation between personality and anxiety: findings from a 3-year prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 252–262.
  • Goodkind, M., Eickhoff, S. B., Oathes, D. J., Jiang, Y., Chang, A., Jones-Hagata, L. B., … Grieve, S. M. (2015). Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 305–315.
  • Goodwin, R. D., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2004). Panic attacks and psychoticism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 88–92.
  • Gronholm, P. C., Nye, E., & Michelson, D. (2018). Stigma related to targeted school-based mental health interventions: A systematic review of qualitative evidence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 240, 17–26.
  • Guterman, N. B., & Lee, Y. (2005). The role of fathers in risk for physical child abuse and neglect: Possible pathways and unanswered questions. Child Maltreatment, 10(2), 136–149.
  • Hatch, S. L., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (2007). Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES and age: A review of the research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40(3-4), 313–332.
  • Hawn, S. E., Lind, M. J., Conley, A., Overstreet, C. M., Kendler, K. S., Dick, D. M., & Amstadter, A. B. (2018). Effects of social support on the association between precollege sexual assault and college-onset victimization. Journal of American College Health, 66, 467–475.
  • Heerde, J. A., Scholes-Balog, K. E., & Hemphill, S. A. (2015). Associations between youth homelessness, sexual offenses, sexual victimization, and sexual risk behaviors: a systematic literature review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 181–212.
  • Hindelang, M. J., Gottfredson, M. R., & Garofalo, J. (Eds.). (1978). Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Ballinger.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.
  • Humphreys, K. L., Watts, E. L., Dennis, E. L., King, L. S., Thompson, P. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2018). Stressful life events, ADHD symptoms, and brain structure in early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 1–12.
  • Iratzoqui, A. (2018). Strain and opportunity: A theory of repeat victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33, 1366–1387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515615146
  • Isvoranu, A. M., van Borkulo, C. D., Boyette, L. L., Wigman, J. T., Vinkers, C. H., Borsboom, D., & Group Investigators. (2016). A network approach to psychosis: pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms. Schizophrenia bulletin, 43(1), 187–196.
  • Jane-Llopis, E. V. A., Jané-Llopis, E., Matytsina, I., Jané-Llopis, E., & Matytsina, I. (2006). Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: a review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25, 515–536.
  • Jennings, W. G., Piquero, A. R., & Reingle, J. M. (2012). On the overlap between victimization and offending: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 16–26.
  • Jouriles, E. N., Choi, H. J., Rancher, C., & Temple, J. R. (2017). Teen dating violence victimization, trauma symptoms, and revictimization in early adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61, 115–119.
  • Kaplan, D. (2009). Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions. Sage.
  • Kesebir, P. (2014). A quiet ego quiets death anxiety: Humility as an existential anxiety buffer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 610–623. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035814
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
  • Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M.,…& Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of abnormal psychology, 126(4), 454.
  • Kriegbaum, M., Christensen, U., Lund, R., Prescott, E., & Osler, M. (2008). Job loss and broken partnerships: do the number of stressful life events influence the risk of ischemic heart disease in men? Annals of Epidemiology, 18, 743–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.04.010
  • Kuo, S. Y., Cuvelier, S. J., Sheu, C. J., & Zhao, J. (2012). The concentration of criminal victimization and patterns of routine activities. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(4), 573–598.
  • Lee, B. A., & Schreck, C. J. (2005). Danger on the streets: Marginality and victimization among homeless people. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 1055–1081.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343.
  • Madero-Hernandez, A., & Fisher, B. S. (2017). Race, ethnicity, risky lifestyles, and violent victimization: A test of a mediation model. Race and Justice, 7, 325–349.
  • Madge, N. (1983). Unemployment and its effects on children. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 24, 311–319.
  • Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., Parker, P. D., Parada, R. H., Guo, J., Dicke, T., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016). Temporal ordering effects of adolescent depression, relational aggression, and victimization over six waves: Fully latent reciprocal effects models. Developmental Psychology, 52, 1994–2009. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000241
  • Matthews, T., Danese, A., Wertz, J., Odgers, C. L., Ambler, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2016). Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51, 339–348.
  • Maxfield, M. G. (1987). Lifestyle and routine activity theories of crime: Empirical studies of victimization, delinquency, and offender decision-making. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 3(4), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066831
  • Mayo, D., Corey, S., Kelly, L. H., Yohannes, S., Youngquist, A. L., Stuart, B. K., … Loewy, R. L. (2017). The role of trauma and stressful life events among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 1–17.
  • McIntyre, J. K., & Spatz Widom, C. (2011). Childhood victimization and crime victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 640–663.
  • McLeod, G. F. H., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2016). Adolescent depression, adult mental health and psychosocial outcomes at 30 and 35 years. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1401–1412.
  • McNeeley, S. (2015). Lifestyle-routine activities and crime events. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 31(1), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986214552607
  • Meier, R. F., & Miethe, T. D. (1993). Understanding theories of criminal victimization. Crime and Justice, 17, 459–499.
  • Miethe, T. D., & Meier, R. F. (1994). Crime and its social context: Toward an integrated theory of offenders, victims, and situations. State University of New York Press.
  • Miloyan, B., Bienvenu, O. J., Brilot, B., & Eaton, W. W. (2018). Adverse life events and the onset of anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Research, 259, 488–492.
  • Moore, W., Pedlow, S., Krishnamurty, P., Wolter, K., & Chicago, I. L. (2000). National longitudinal survey of youth 1997 (NLSY97). National Opinion Research Center.
  • Morgan, R. E., & Truman, J. L. (2018). Criminal victimization, 2017. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  • Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61, 635–655.
  • Oudekerk, B. A., & Truman, J. L. (2017). Repeat Violent Victimization, 2005-14. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  • Pabian, S., & Vandebosch, H. (2016). An investigation of short-term longitudinal associations between social anxiety and victimization and perpetration of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 328–339.
  • Platt, R., Williams, S. R., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2016). Stressful life events and child anxiety: Examining parent and child mediators. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47, 23–34.
  • Pratt, T. C., Turanovic, J. J., Fox, K. A., & Wright, K. A. (2014). Self-control and victimization: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 52, 87–116.
  • Rothe, J. P. (2017). The scientific analysis of personality. Routledge.
  • Salminen, L. E., Morey, R. A., Riedel, B. C., Jahanshad, N., Dennis, E. L., & Thompson, P. M. (2019). Adaptive identification of cortical and subcortical imaging markers of early life stress and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Neuroimaging, 29, 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12600
  • Schacter, H. L., & Juvonen, J. (2017). Depressive symptoms, friend distress, and self-blame: Risk factors for adolescent peer victimization. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 51, 35–43.
  • Schry, A. R., & White, S. W. (2016). Social anxiety and resistance techniques in risky sexual scenarios: A possible mechanism of increased risk of victimization. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 242–246.
  • Schwartz, J. A. (2019). A longitudinal assessment of head injuries as a source of acquired neuropsychological deficits and the implications for criminal persistence. Justice Quarterly , 38, 196-223.  https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2019.1599044
  • Shapero, B. G., Black, S. K., Liu, R. T., Klugman, J., Bender, R. E., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2014). Stressful life events and depression symptoms: the effect of childhood emotional abuse on stress reactivity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 209–223.
  • Silver, I. A., & Nedelec, J. L. (2020). Traumatic brain injury and adverse psychological effects: Examining a potential pathway to aggressive offending. Aggressive Behavior, 46, 254–265.
  • Silver, I. A., Province, K., & Nedelec, J. L. (2020). Self-reported traumatic brain injury during key developmental stages: examining its effect on co-occurring psychological symptoms in an adjudicated sample. Brain Injury, 34, 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1723166
  • Smith, D. J., & Ecob, R. (2007). An investigation into causal links between victimization and offending in adolescents. The British Journal of Sociology, 58, 633–659.
  • Swearer, S. M., Song, S. Y., Cary, P. T., Eagle, J. W., & Mickelson, W. T. (2001). Psychosocial correlates in bullying and victimization: The relationship between depression, anxiety, and bully/victim status. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 95–121.
  • Tertilt, M., & van den Berg, G. J. (2015). The association between own unemployment and violence victimization among female youths. Journal of Economics and Statistics, 235, 499–516.
  • Turner, R. J., & Avison, W. R. (2003). Status variations in stress exposure: Implications for the interpretation of research on race, socioeconomic status, and gender. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 488–505.
  • Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. (2006). The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents. Social Science & Medicine, 62, 13–27.
  • Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. (2007). Family structure variations in patterns and predictors of child victimization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 282–295.
  • Turner, R. J., & Lloyd, D. A. (1995). Lifetime traumas and mental health: The significance of cumulative adversity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 360–376.
  • Turner, I., Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Subasic, E., & Bromhead, D. (2018). Understanding aggression and victimization: Negative binomial modelling with supportive school climate, mental health, and social identity mediation. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 4, 380–402.
  • Turner, H. A., & Turner, R. J. (2005). Understanding variations in exposure to social stress. Health, 9, 209–240.
  • Wang, Y., Sareen, J., Afifi, T. O., Bolton, S. L., Johnson, E. A., & Bolton, J. M. (2015). A population-based longitudinal study of recent stressful life events as risk factors for suicidal behavior in major depressive disorder. Archives of Suicide Research, 19, 202–217.
  • Ward, M. J., Lee, S. S., & Lipper, E. G. (2000). Failure‐to‐thrive is associated with disorganized infant–mother attachment and unresolved maternal attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 21(6), 428–442.
  • Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., Yaeger, A. M., Cleary, S. D., & Shinar, O. (2001b). Coping dimensions, life stress, and adolescent substance use: A latent growth analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.2.309
  • Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., Yaeger, A., & Shinar, O. (2001a). Family risk factors and adolescent substance use: Moderation effects for temperament dimensions. Developmental Psychology, 37, 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.283
  • Wittebrood, K., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2000). Criminal victimization during one's life course: The effects of previous victimization and patterns of routine activities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37, 91–122.
  • Wymbs, B. T., Dawson, A. E., Suhr, J. A., Bunford, N., & Gidycz, C. A. (2017). ADHD symptoms as risk factors for intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32, 659–681.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.