686
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Racialized Victim Gender Differences in Capital Decision Making in Pennsylvania

, &
Pages 1104-1127 | Received 04 Dec 2020, Accepted 23 Jul 2021, Published online: 19 Oct 2021

References

  • Apel, R., & Sweeten, G. (2010). Propensity score matching in criminology and criminal justice. In A. Piquero & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (pp. 543–562). Springer.
  • Auerhahn, K. (2007). Just another crime? Examining disparity in homicide sentencing. The Sociological Quarterly, 48(2), 277–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2007.00079.x
  • Baldus, D. C., Woodworth, G., Grosso, C. M., Laurence, M., Fagan, J. A., & Newell, R. (2019). Furman at 45: Constitutional challenges from California's failure to (again) narrow death eligibility. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 16(4), 693–730. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12234
  • Baldus, D., Woodworth, G., & Pulaski, C. D. (1990). Equal justice and the death penalty. Northeastern University Press.
  • Baldus, D., Woodworth, G., Zuckerman, D., & Weiner, N. A. (1997). Racial discrimination and the death penalty in the post-Furman era: An empirical and legal overview with recent findings from Philadelphia. Cornell Law Review, 83, 1638–1770.
  • Blankenship, M. B., & Blevins, K. R. (2001). Inequalities in capital punishment in Tennessee based on race: An analytical study of aggravating and mitigating factors in death penalty cases. The University of Memphis Law Review, 31(4), 823.
  • Brock, D. E., Sorensen, J., & Marquart, J. W. (1999). Racial disparities in capital punishment in Texas after Penry. The Justice Professional, 12(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.1999.9959539
  • Brooks, R., & Raphael, S. (2002). Life terms or death sentences: The uneasy relationship between judicial elections and capital punishment. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 92(3–4), 609–639.
  • Curry, T. (2010). The conditional effects of victim and offender ethnicity and victim gender on sentences for non-capital cases. Punishment & Society, 12(4), 438–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474510376585
  • Donohue, J. J., III. (2014). An empirical evaluation of the Connecticut death penalty system since 1973: Are there unlawful racial, gender, and geographic disparities? Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(4), 637–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12052
  • Eisenberg, T., Garvey, S. P., & Wells, M. T. (2003). Victim characteristics and victim impact evidence in South Carolina capital cases. Cornell Law Review, 88(2), 306–342.
  • Felson, R. B. (2002). Violence and Gender Re-examined. Washington, DC: APA Books.
  • Franklin, C. A., & Fearn, N. E. (2008). Gender, race, and formal court decision-making outcomes: Chivalry/paternalism, conflict theory or gender conflict? Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(3), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.009
  • Garland, D. (2010). Peculiar institution: America’s death penalty in an age of abolition. Harvard University Press.
  • General Accountability Office. (1990). Death penalty sentencing: Research indicates pattern of racial disparities. General Accountability Office.
  • Gillespie, L. K., Loughran, T. A., Smith, M. D., Fogel, S. J., & Bjerregaard, B. (2014). Exploring the role of victim sex, victim conduct, and victim–defendant relationship in capital punishment sentencing. Homicide Studies, 18(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767913485747
  • Hindson, S., Potter, H., & Radelet, M. (2006). Race, gender, region and death sentencing in Colorado, 1980-1999. University of Colorado Law Review, 77, 549.
  • Holcomb, J., Williams, M., & Demuth, S. (2004). White female victims and death penalty disparity research. Justice Quarterly, 77, 877–902.
  • Johnson, S. L., Blume, J. H., Eisenberg, T., Hans, V. P., & Wells, M. T. (2012). The Delaware death penalty: An empirical study. Iowa Law Review, 97, 1–41.
  • Keil, T. J., & Vito, G. F. (1995). Race and the death penalty in Kentucky murder trials: An analysis of post-Gregg outcomes. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 633–672.
  • Lenza, M., Keys, D., & Guess, T. (2005). The prevailing injustices in application of the Missouri death penalty (1978 to 1996). Social Justice, 32(2), 151–166.
  • Mustillo, S. A., Lizardo, O. A., & McVeigh, R. M. (2018). Editors’ comment: A few guidelines for quantitative submissions. American Sociological Review, 83(6), 1281–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418806282
  • O’Brien, B., Grosso, C. M., Woodworth, G., & Taylor, A. (2015). Untangling the role of race in capital charging and sentencing in North Carolina, 1990-2009. NCL Review, 94, 1997.
  • Paternoster, R. (1984). Prosecutorial discretion in requesting the death penalty: The case of victim-based discrimination. Law & Society Review, 18(3), 437–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053431
  • Paternoster, R. (2011). Capital punishment. In M. Tonry (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of crime and criminal justice (pp. 1–22). Oxford University Press.
  • Paternoster, R., & Diese, J. (2011). A heavy thumb on the scale: The effect of victim impact evidence on capital decision making. Criminology, 49(1), 129–161.
  • Paternoster, R., & Brame, R. (2008). Reassessing race disparities in Maryland capital cases. Criminology, 46(4), 971–1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00132.x
  • Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Bacon, S., & Ditchfield, A. (2004). Justice by geography and race: The administration of the death penalty in Maryland, 1978-1999. Margins: The University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender, and Class, 4, 1–98.
  • Peterson, N., & Lynch, M. (2012). Prosecutorial discretion, hidden costs, and the death penalty: The case of Los Angeles County. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 102(4), 100–143.
  • Phillips, S. (2009). Status disparities in the capital of capital punishment. Law & Society Review, 43(4), 807–837. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2009.00389.x
  • Radelet, M. L., & Pierce, G. L. (1985). Race and prosecutorial discretion in homicide cases. Law & Society Review, 19(4), 587–621. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053422
  • Rogers, E. M., Felson, R. B., Berg, M. T., & Krajewski, A. (2019). Taking sides: Gender and third‐party partisanship in disputes. Criminology, 57(4), 579–602. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12215
  • Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1985). Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score. The American Statistician, 39(1), 33–38.
  • Royer, C. E., Hritz, A. C., Hans, V. P., Eisenberg, T., Wells, M. T., Blume, J. H., & Johnson, S. L. (2014). Victim gender and the death penalty. Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Paper 838. http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/838
  • Songer, M. J., & Unah, I. (2006). The effects of race, gender, and location on prosecutorial decisions to seek the death penalty in South Carolina. South Carolina Law Review, 58, 161–210.
  • Stauffer, A. R., Smith, M. D., Cochran, J. K., Fogel, S. J., & Bjerregaard, B. (2006). The interaction between victim race and gender on sentencing outcomes in capital murder trials: A further exploration. Homicide Studies, 10(2), 98–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767905285510
  • Steffensmeier, D. J., Ulmer, J. T., & Kramer, J. H. (1998). The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology, 36(4), 763–797. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x
  • Ulmer, J. T. (2012). Recent developments and new directions in sentencing research. Justice Quarterly, 29(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2011.624115
  • Ulmer, J. T., & Hanrath, L. (2019). Disparities in death penalty prosecution and punishment: A review of recent research and an expanded agenda. In C. Spohn & P. Brennan (Eds.), Sentencing policies and practices in the 21st century; Handbook on corrections and sentencing (Vol. 4., pp. 254–280). Routledge.
  • Ulmer, J. T., Kramer, J. H., & Zajac, G. (2020a). The race of defendants and victims in death penalty decisions in Pennsylvania: 2000-2010. Justice Quarterly, 37(5), 955–983. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2019.1679865
  • Ulmer, J. T., Zajac, G., & Kramer, J. H. (2020b). Geographic arbitrariness? County court variation in capital prosecution and sentencing in Pennsylvania. Criminology and Public Policy, 19(4), 1073–1112.
  • Unah, I. (2011). Empirical analysis of race and the process of capital punishment in North Carolina. Michigan State Law Review, 2011, 610–658.
  • Vito, G. F., Higgins, G. E., & Vito, A. G. (2014). Capital sentencing in Kentucky, 2000-2010. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(4), 753–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9258-2
  • Williams, M., Demuth, S., & Holcomb, J. E. (2008). Understanding the influence of victim gender in death penalty cases: The importance of victim race, sex-related victimization, and jury decision-making. Criminology, 45(4), 865–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00095.x
  • Williams, M. R., & Holcomb, J. E. (2001). Racial disparity and death sentences in Ohio. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(01)00085-X
  • Young, V. D. (1986). Gender expectations and their impact on black female offenders and victims. Justice Quarterly, 3(3), 305–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418828600088961

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.