Effects of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors on Public Perceptions of Offenders: A Randomized Controlled Trial

References

• Abderhalden, F. P. (2022). Environmental and psychological correlates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among jail detainees. Corrections, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23774657.2021.2023339
   Google Scholar
• Allen, L, (2014). Short-term emergency commitment laws require police to assess symptoms of mental illness. Bill of Health. https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2014/11/25/short-term-emergency-commitment-laws-require-police-to-assess-symptoms-of-mental-illness/#.VEkPpiLF98F
   Google Scholar
• Asarnow, J. R., & Ougrin, D. (2019). Suicide and self-harm: Advancing from science to preventing deaths. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 60(10), 1043–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobys, R. S. (1980). Attributions of dangerousness and stigmatization. Deviant Behavior, 2(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1980.9967540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, J., & Braithwaite, V. (2001). Part I: Shame, shame management, and regulation. In E. Ahmed, N. Harris, J. Braithwaite, & V. Braithwaite (Eds.), Shame management through reintegration (pp. 3–69). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burstein, P. (2003). The impact of public opinion on public policy: A review and an agenda. Political Research Quarterly, 56(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, A. L., Cullen, F. T., Burton, V. S., Jr, Graham, A., Butler, L. C., & Thielo, A. J. (2020). Belief in redeemability and punitive public opinion: “Once a criminal, always a criminal” revisited. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(6), 712–732. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820913585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, C. M., & Ellison, J. M. (2022). Identifying individuals at risk of suicide and self-harm in jail. Corrections, 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Carpiniello, B., & Pinna, F. (2017). The reciprocal relationship between suicidality and stigma. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson, E. A. (2021). Suicide in local jails and state and federal prisons, 2000-2019 –statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/sljsfp0019st.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Carson, E. A., Cowhig, M. P. (2020).. Mortality in local jails, 2001-2016-statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mlj0016st.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cobbina-Dungy, J. E., & Jones-Brown, D. (2021). Too much policing: Why calls are made to defund the police. Punishment and Society, 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, V. G., Mclearen, A. M., & Zapf, P. A. (2004). Dispositional decisions with the mentally ill: Police perceptions and characteristics. Police Quarterly, 7(3), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611104267733
   Google Scholar
• Coppock, A. (2019). Generalizing from survey experiments conducted on Mechanical Turk: A replication approach. Political Science Research and Methods, 7(3), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2007). The stigma of psychiatric disorders and the gender, ethnicity, and education of the perceiver. Community Mental Health Journal, 43(5), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-007-9084-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. (2017). [ General public’s attitudes towards people who self-harm: Perceived dangerousness and desired social distance. [Master’s ]. [thesis]. University of Chester].
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, E. (2020). An open letter to our friends on the question of language. Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship & History. https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/pp/5
   Google Scholar
• Enns, P. (2016). Incarceration nation: How the United States became the most punitive democracy in the world. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Farrow, T. L., & O'Brien, A. J. (2003). No-suicide contracts’ and informed consent: An analysis of ethical issues. Nursing Ethics, 10(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne594oa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favril, L., Yu, R., Hawton, K., & Fazel, S. (2020). Risk factors for self-harm in prison: Asystematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(8), 682–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30190-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel, S., & Baillargeon, J. (2011). The health of prisoners. The Lancet, 377(9769), 956–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel, S., Ramesh, T., & Hawton, K. (2017). Suicide in prisons: An international study of prevalence and contributory factors. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(12), 946–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30430-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellner, J. (2006). A corrections quandary: Mental illness and prison rules. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 41, 391–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, D. A., Lamb, H. R., Biasotti, M., & Snook, J. (2015). Overlooked in the undercounted: The role of mental illness in fatal law enforcement encounters. Treatment Advocacy Center. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1655.9128
   Google Scholar
• Garvey, K. A., Penn, J. V., Campbell, A. L., Esposito-Smythers, C., & Spirito, A. (2009). Contracting for safety with patients: Clinical practice and forensic implications. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 37(3), 363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: On the Management of Spoiled Identity. Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Haglund, A., Tidemalm, D., Jokinen, J., Långström, N., Lichtenstein, P., Fazel, S., & Runeson, B. (2014). Suicide after release from prison: A population-based cohort study from Sweden. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(10), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, K. W. (1998). Public opinion and the mental health parity debate: Lessons from the survey literature. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.), 49(8), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.49.8.1059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, L. (1989). National study of jail suicides. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 60(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayes, L. M. (1996). National and state standards for prison suicide prevention. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 3(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/107834589600300102
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(4), 627–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2010.498290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• James, D. J., & Glaze, L. E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. U.S. Department of Justice. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mhppji.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kalish, R. A. (1966). Social distance and the dying. Community Mental Health Journal, 2(2), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01420690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortright, K. E. (2019). [ Double stigma: How jurors perceive mentally ill defendants (Publication No. 13810179) [Master’s ]. [thesis]. ProQuest. The University of Alabama]
   Google Scholar
• Kuehn, B. M. (2014). Criminal justice becomes front line for mental health care. JAMA, 311(19), 1953–1954. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.4578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb, H. R., Weinberger, L. E., & Gross, B. H. (2004). Mentally ill persons in the criminal justice system: Some perspectives. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 75(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:psaq.0000019753.63627.2c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, D., & Walker, R. L. (2006). The stigma for attempting suicide and the loss to suicide prevention efforts. Crisis, 27(3), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.27.3.147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lloyd, B., Blazely, A., & Phillips, L. (2018). Stigma towards individuals who self-harm: Impact of gender and disclosure. Journal of Public Mental Health, 17(4), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-02-2018-0016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, P., & Alcabes, P. (1993). Characteristics of suicides by inmates in an urban jail. Psychiatric Services, 44(3), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.44.3.256
   Google Scholar
• Markowitz, F. E. (2011). Mental illness, crime, and violence: Risk, context, and social control. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2010.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruna, S., & King, A. (2009). Once a criminal, always a criminal? “Redeemability” and the psychology of punitive public attitudes. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(1-2), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-008-9088-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullinix, K. J., Leeper, T. J., Druckman, J. N., & Freese, J. (2015). The generalizability of survey experiments. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 2(2), 109–138. https://doi.org/10.1017/XPS.2015.19
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, R. (2002). Privileging public attitudes to sentencing? In J. V. Roberts & M. Hough (Eds.), Changing attitudes to punishment: Public opinion, crime and justice (pp. 215–228) Willan Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan, N. A., & Nathan, K. I. (2019). Suicide, stigma, and utilizing social media platforms to gauge public perceptions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, E., & Townsend, E. (2018). Public perceptions of self-harm: A test of an attribution model of public discrimination. Stigma and Health, 3(3), 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000090
   Google Scholar
• Nix, J., Ivanov, S., & Pickett, J. T. (2021). What does the public want police to do during pandemics? A national experiment. Criminology & Public Policy, 20(3), 545–571. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. Jr. (1961). Popular conceptions of mental health: Their development and change. Rinehart, & Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Paolacci, G., Chandler, J., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010). Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(5), 411–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J. (2013). Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: A systematic literature review. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 40(5), 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersilia, J. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pescosolido, B. A., Monahan, J., Link, B. G., Stueve, A., & Kikuzawa, S. (1999). The public’s view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1339–1345. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.89.9.1339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purtle, J., Brownson, R. C., & Proctor, E. K. (2017). Infusing science into politics and policy: The importance of legislators as an audience in mental health policy dissemination research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 44(2), 160–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0752-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rüsch, N., Angermeyer, M. C., & Corrigan, P. W. (2005). Mental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 20(8), 529–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, D. L., Mincic, M. S., Coolidge, F. L., & O'Riley, A. (2004). Attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among younger and older persons. Death Studies, 28(7), 671–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180490476524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoliker, B. E. (2021). The heterogeneity of suicide attempters: An analysis of single-and repeat-suicide attempters among people in custody. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(8), 1127–1147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820983853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoliker, B. E., & Abderhalden, F. P. (2021). People in custody with a suicidal history: An ideation-to-action perspective involving individuals incarcerated in two US jails. Archives of Suicide Research, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1982095
   Google Scholar
• Sudak, H., Maxim, K., & Carpenter, M. (2008). Suicide and stigma: A review of the literature and personal reflections. Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 32(2), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.32.2.136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testa, M., & West, S. G. (2010). Civil commitment in the United States. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa: Township)), 7(10), 30–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Travis, J. (2002). Invisible punishment: An instrument of social exclusion. In M. Mauer and M. Chesney-Lind (Eds.), Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonmen (pp. 15–36). The New Press.
   Google Scholar
• United States Sentencing Commission. (2019). Recidivism among federal violent offenders. https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/research-publications/2019/20190124_Recidivism_Violence.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vermette, H. S., Pinals, D. A., & Appelbaum, P. S. (2005). Mental health training for law enforcement professionals. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 33(1), 42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Census, U. S. (n.d). QuickFacts: United States—table. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/IPE120220#IPE120220
   Google Scholar
• Weinberg, J. D., Freese, J., & McElhattan, D. (2014). Comparing data characteristics and results of an online factorial survey between a population-based and a crowdsource-recruited sample. Sociological Science, 1, 292–310. https://doi.org/10.15195/v1.a19
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2012). Public health action for the prevention of suicide: A framework. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75166/?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2021). Suicide. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
   Google Scholar
• Zaitzow, B. H. (2010). Psychotropic control of women prisoners: The perpetuation of abuse of imprisoned women. Justice Policy Journal, 7(2), 1–37.
   Google Scholar