Assessment of Chronotype in Four- to Eleven-Year-Old Children: Reliability and Validity of the Children's ChronoType Questionnaire (CCTQ)

References

• Acebo C, Sadeh A, Seifer R, Tzischinsky O, Hafer A, Carskadon M A. Sleep/wake patterns derived from activity monitoring and maternal report for healthy 1- to 5-year-old children. Sleep 2005; 28: 1568–1577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adan A, Almirall H. Horne and Östberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: A reduced scale. Pers. Ind. Differ. 1991; 12: 241–253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baehr E K, Revelle W, Eastmann C I. Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm with an emphasis on morningness-eveningness. J. Sleep Res. 2000; 9: 119–127
   Google Scholar
• Bailey S, Heitkemper M. Circadian rhythmicity of cortisol and body temperature: Morningness-eveningness effects. Chronobiol. Int. 2001; 18: 249–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caci H, Adan A, Bohle P, Natale V, Pornpitakpan C, Tilley A. Transcultural properties of the composite scale of morningness: The relevance of the “morning affect” factor. Chronobiol. Int. 2005; 22: 523–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carskadon M, Vieira C, Acebo C. Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep 1993; 16: 258–262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carskadon M, Wolfson A, Acebo C, Tzischinsky O, Seifer R. Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness as a transition to early school days. Sleep 1998; 21: 871–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelminski F, Ferraro R, Petros T, Plaud J J. Horne and Ostberg questionnaire: A score distribution in a large sample of young adults. Pers. Ind. Differ. 1997; 23: 647–652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cofer L F, Grice J W, Sethre-Hofstad L, Radi C J, Zimmermann L K, Palmer-Seal D, Santa-Maria G. Developmental perspectives on morningness-eveningness and social interactions. Human Develop. 1999; 41: 163–198
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 1962; 65: 145–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa G, Lievore F, Casaletti G, Gaffuri E, Folkard S. Circadian characteristics influencing interindividual differences in tolerance and adjustment to shiftwork. Ergonomics 1989; 32: 373–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa G, Sartori S, Akerstedt T. Influence of flexibility and variability of working hours on health and well-being. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1125–1137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digdon N L, Howell A J. College students who have an eveningness preference report lower self-control and greater procrastination. Chronobiol. Int. 2008; 26: 1029–1046
   Google Scholar
• Duffy J, Dijk D, Hall E, Czeisler C. Relationship of endogenous circadian melatonin and temperature rhythms to self-reported preference for morning or evening activity in young and older people. J. Investig. Med. 1999; 47: 141–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Sebastiani T, Salvatore O. Circadian preference, sleep and daytime beahaviour in adolescence. J. Sleep Res. 2002; 11: 191–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie J P. Additional validity evidence for a measure of morningness. J. Appl. Psychol. 1995; 80: 186–190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne J A, Östberg O. A self-assessement questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int. J. Chronobiol. 1976; 4: 97–110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iglowstein I, Jenni O G, Molinari L, Largo R H. Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: Reference values and generational trends. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 302–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankowski K S, Ciarkowska W. Diurnal variation in energetic arousal, tense arousal and hedonic tone in extreme morning and evening types. Chronobiol. Int. 2008; 25: 577–595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenni O G, LeBourgeois M K. Understanding sleep-wake regulation and sleep disorders during childhood: The value of a model. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2006; 19: 282–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenni O G, O'Connor B B. Children's sleep: An interplay between culture and biology. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 204–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenni O G, Achermann P, Carskadon M. Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep 2005a; 28: 1446–1454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenni O G, Fuhrer H Z, Iglowstein I, Molinari L, Largo R H. A longitudinal study of bed sharing and sleep problems among Swiss children in the first 10 years of life. Pediatrics 2005b; 115: 233–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhof G A. Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: A review. Biol. Psychol. 1985; 20: 83–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhof G A. Differences between morning-types and evening-types in the dynamics of EEG slow wave activity during night sleep. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1991; 78: 197–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerkhof G A, Lancel M. EEG slow wave activity, REM sleep, and rectal temperature during night and day sleep in morning-type and evening-type subjects. Psychophysiology 1991; 28: 678–688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhof G A, Van Dongen H PA. Morning-type and evening-type individuals differ in the phase position of their endogenous circadian oscillator. Neurosci. Lett. 1996; 218: 153–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp T, Brown J. Ten measurement commandments that often should be broken. Res. Nurs. Health 1995; 18: 465–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laberge L, Carrier J, Lespérance P, Lambert C, Vitaro F, Tremblay R, Montplaisir J. Sleep and circadian phase characteristics of adolescent and young adult males in a naturalistic summertime condition. Chronobiol. Int. 2000; 17: 489–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mecacci L, Zani A. Morningness-eveningness preferences and sleep-waking diary data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples. Ergonomics 1983; 26: 1147–1153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mongrain V, Lavoie S, Selmaoui B, Paquet J, Dumont M. Phase relationship between sleep-wake cycle and underlying circadian rhythms in morningness-eveningness. J. Biol. Rhythms 2004; 19: 248–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale V, Cicogna P. Morningness-eveningness dimension: Is it really a continuum?. Pers. Ind. Diff. 2002; 32: 809–816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens J. Classification and epidemiology of childhood sleep disorders. Sleep Med. Clin. 2007; 2: 353–361
   Google Scholar
• Peterson A. The Early Adolescence Study: An overview. J. Early Adolesc 1984; 4: 103–106
   Google Scholar
• Pisarski A, Brook C, Bohle P, Gallois C, Watson B, Winch S. Extending a model of shift-work tolerance. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1363–1377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Touitou Y, Smolensky M. Ethical and methodoligical standards for laboratory and medical biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 2008; 25: 999–1016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posey T, Ford J. The morningness-eveningness preference of college students as measured by the Horne and Ostberg Questionnaire. Chronobiol. Int. 1981; 7: 141–144
   Google Scholar
• Randler C. Differences in sleep and circadian preference between Eastern and Western German adolescents. Chronobiol. Int. 2008a; 25: 565–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randler C. Morningness-eveningness comparison in adolescents from different countries around the world. Chronobiol. Int. 2008b; 25: 1017–1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T. Munich chronotype questionnaire. Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munchen, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Munchen n. d, Available at: http://www.imp.med.uni-muenchen.de/index.html (accessed December 11, 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J. Biol. Rhythms 2003; 18: 80–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Pramstaller P P, Ricken J, Havel M, Guth A, Merrow M. A marker for the end of adolescence. Curr. Biol. 2004; 14: 1038–1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, Kantermann T, Akllebrandt K, Gordijn M, Merrow M. Epidemiology of the human circadian clock. Sleep Med. Rev. 2007; 11: 429–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeh A, Lavie P, Scher A, Tirosh E, Epstein R. Actigraphic home-monitoring sleep-disturbed and control infants and young children: a new method for pediatric assessment of sleep-wake patterns. Pediatrics 1991; 87: 494–499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeh A, Lavie P, Scher A. Sleep and temperament. Maternal perceptions of temperament of sleep-disturbed toddlers. Early Educ. Develop. 1994; 5: 311–322
   Google Scholar
• Silva E J. Sleep inertia varies with circadian phase and sleep stage in older adults. Behav. Neurosci. 2008; 122: 928–935
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith C S, Reilly C, Midkiff K. Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness. J. Appl. Psychol. 1989; 74: 728–738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soehner A M, Kenndy K A, Monk T H. Personality correlates with sleep-wake variables. Chronobiol. Int. 2007; 24: 875–888
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taillard J, Philip P, Chastang J-F, Bioulac B. Validation of Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire in a middle-aged population of French workers. J. Biol. Rhythms 2004; 19: 76–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi H, Inoue M, Watanabe N, Yamashita Y, Hamada M, Kadota G, Harada T. Parental enforcement of bedtime during childhood modulates preference of Japanese junior high school students for eveningness chronotype. Chronobiol. Int. 2001; 18: 823–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tankova I, Adan A, Buela-Casal G. Circadian typopology and individual differences. A review. Pers. Ind. Differ. 1994; 16: 671–684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner J. Growth at adolescence2. Oxford, Blackwell 1962; 325
   Google Scholar
• Tonetti L, Fabbri M, Natale V. Relationship between circadian typology and big five personality domains. Chronobiol. Int. 2009; 26: 337–347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner H, Molinari L, Guyer C, Jenni O G. Agreement rates between actigraphy, diary and questionnaire for children's sleep patterns. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 2008; 162: 350–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittman M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 497–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson A, Carskadon M. Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Develop. 1998; 69: 875–887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavada A, Gordijn M, Beersma D, Daan S, Roenneberg T. Comparison of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Östberg's morningness-eveningness score. Chronobiol. Int. 2005; 22: 267–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar