Salivary cortisol concentration after high-intensity interval exercise: Time of day and chronotype effect

References

• Bailey SL, Heitkemper MM. (1991). Morningness-eveningness and early-morning salivary cortisol levels. Biol Psychol. 32:181–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey SL, Heitkemper MM. (2001). Circadian rhythmicity of cortisol and body temperature: Morningness-eveningness effects. Chronobiol Int. 18:249–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangsbo J. (1994). Fitness training in football: A scientific approach. Bagsværd, Denmark: HO+Storm.
   Google Scholar
• Beaven CM, Gill ND, Cook CJ. (2008) Salivary testosterone and cortisol responses in professional rugby players after four resistance exercise protocols. J Strength Cond Res. 22:426–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouget M, Rouveix M, Michaux O, et al. (2006). Relationships among training stress, mood and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate/cortisol ratio in female cyclists. J Sports Sci. 24:1297–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, et al. (2008). Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. J Physiol. 586:151–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd edition, pp. 8–14. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Crewther B, Cronin J, Keogh J, Cook C. (2008). The salivary testosterone and cortisol response to three loading schemes. J Strength Cond Res. 22:250–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol Bull. 130:355–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards S, Evans P, Hucklebridge F, Clow A. (2001) Association between time of awakening and diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 26:613–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filaire E, Sagnol M, Ferrand C, et al. (2001). Psychophysiological stress in judo athletes during competitions. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 41:263–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filaire E, Alix D, Ferrand C, Verger M. (2009). Psychophysiological stress in tennis players during the first single match of a tournament. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34:150–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatti R, De Palo EF. (2011). An update: Salivary hormones and physical exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 21:157–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiss A, Varadi E, Steinbach K, et al. (1997). Psychoneuroimmunological correlates of persisting sciatic pain in patients who underwent discectomy. Neurosci Lett. 237:65–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibala MJ, McGee SL. (2008). Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: A little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 36:58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackney AC, Ness R, Schrieber A. (1989). Effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal hormone concentrations in males. Chronobiology. 6:341–6.
   Google Scholar
• Hackney AC, Viru A. (1999). Twenty-four-hour cortisol response to multiple daily exercise sessions of moderate and high intensity. Clin Physiol. 19:178–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hackney AC. (2006). Stress and the neuroendocrine system: The role of exercise as a stressor and modifier of stress. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 1:783–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, Hoff J. (2001). Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 33:1925–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, et al. (2008). Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: The intensity threshold effect. J Endocrinol Invest. 31:587–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne JA, Ostberg O. (1976) A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 4:97–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacks DE, Sowash J, Anning J, et al. (2002). Effect of exercise at three exercise intensities on salivary cortisol. J Strength Cond Res. 16:286–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern W, Perras B, Wodick R, et al. (1995). Hormonal secrection during nighttime sleep indicating stress of daytime exercise. J Appl Physiol, 79:1461–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer DH. (2000). Salivary free cortisol. In: Fink, G. ed. Encyclopedia of stress. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 379–83.
   Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Federenko IS, Hellhammer DH, Wüst S. (2006). Morningness and eveningness: The free cortisol rise after awakening in “early birds” and “night owls”. Biol Psychol. 72:141–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labsy Z, Prieur F, Le Panse B, et al. (2013). The diurnal patterns of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to intense aerobic exercise in recreationally trained soccer players. Stress. 16:261–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: Optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med. 32:53–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lusa Cadore E, Lhullier FL, Arias Brentano M, et al. (2009). Salivary hormonal responses to resistance exercise in trained and untrained middle-aged men. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 49:301–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minetto MA, Lanfranco F, Baldi M, et al. (2007). Corticotroph axis sensitivity after exercise: Comparison between elite athletes and sedentary subjects. J Endocrinol Invest. 30:215–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira A, Arsati F, de Oliveira Lima Arsati YB, et al. (2009). Salivary cortisol in top-level professional soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 106:25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale V, Cicogna P. (2002). Morningness–eveningness dimension: Is it really a continuum? Pers Individ Differ. 32:809–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Toitou Y. (2010). Ethics andmethods for biological rhythm research on animals andhuman beings. Chronobiol Int. 27:1911–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruessner JC, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. (1999). Burnout, perceived stress, and cortisol responses to awakening. Psychosom Med. 61:197–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi A, Formenti D, Vitale JA, et al. (2015). The effect of chronotype on psychophysiological responses during aerobic self-paced exercises. Percept Mot Skills. 121:840–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz P, Kirschbaum C, Pruessner J, Hellhammer DH. (1998). Increased free cortisol secretion after awakening in chronically stressed individuals due to work overload. Stress Med. 14:91–7.
   Google Scholar
• Taillard J, Philip P, Chastang JF, Bioulac B. (2004). Validation of Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire in a middle-aged population of French workers. J Biol Rhythms. 19:76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thatcher J, Thatcher R, Dorling D. (2004). Gender differences in the precompetition temporal patterning of anxiety and hormonal responses. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 44:300–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay MS, Copeland JL, Van Helder W. (2005). Influence of exercise duration on post-exercise steroid hormone responses in trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 94:505–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai ML, Ko MH, Chang CK, et al. (2010). Impact of intense training and rapid weight changes on salivary parameters in elite taekwondo athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 21:758–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viru A, Viru M. (2004). Cortisol - Essential adaptation hormone in exercise. Int J Sports Med. 25:461–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale JA, Calogiuri G, Weydahl A. (2013). Influence of chronotype on responses to a standardized, self-paced walking task in the morning vs afternoon: A pilot study. Percept Mot Skills. 116:1020–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale JA, Roveda E, Montaruli A, et al. (2015). Chronotype influences activity circadian rhythm and sleep: Differences in sleep quality between weekdays and weekend. Chronobiol Int. 32:405–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale JA, Bonato M, Galasso L, et al. (2017). Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: A crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players. Chronobiol Int. 34:260–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman ED, Fukushima D, Nogeire C, et al. (1971). Twenty-four-hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 33:14–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar