The neurobiology of adaptation to seasons: Relevance and correlations in bipolar disorders

References

• Abreu T, Braganca M. 2015. The bipolarity of light and dark: A review on bipolar disorder and circadian cycles. J Affect Disord. 185:219–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn YM, Chang J, Joo YH, Kim SC, Lee KY, Kim YS. 2008. Chronotype distribution in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia in a Korean sample. Bipolar Disord. 10:271–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amir S, Robinson B, Ratovitski T, Rea MA, Stewart J, Simantov R. 1998. A role for serotonin in the circadian system revealed by the distribution of serotonin transporter and light-induced Fos immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet. Neuroscience. 84:1059–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G. 2018. Linking the biological underpinnings of depression: Role of mitochondria interactions with melatonin, inflammation, sirtuins, tryptophan catabolites, DNA repair and oxidative and nitrosative stress, with consequences for classification and cognition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych. 80:255–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G, Beischlag TV, Vinciguerra M, Mazzoccoli G. 2013. The circadian clock circuitry and the AHR signaling pathway in physiology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol. 85:1405–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G, Jacob A, Bellivier F, Geoffroy PA. 2016. Bipolar disorder: The role of the kynurenine and melatonergic pathways. Curr Pharm Des. 22:987–1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G, Maes M. 2014. Local melatonin regulates inflammation resolution: A common factor in neurodegenerative, psychiatric and systemic inflammatory disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 13:817–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G, Maes M. 2017. Interactions of tryptophan and its catabolites with melatonin and the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor in central nervous system and psychiatric disorders: Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and direct mitochondria regulation. Int J Tryptophan Res. 10:1178646917691738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RJ, Gott BM, Sayuk GS, Freedland KE, Lustman PJ. 2010. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes: Rates and predictors of initial response. Diabetes Care. 33:485–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aton SJ, Colwell CS, Harmar AJ, Waschek J, Herzog ED. 2005. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates circadian rhythmicity and synchrony in mammalian clock neurons. Nat Neurosci. 8:476–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F, Dallaspezia S, Colombo C, Pirovano A, Marino E, Smeraldi E. 2008. A length polymorphism in the circadian clock gene Per3 influences age at onset of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett. 445:184–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk M, Post R, Ratheesh A, Gliddon E, Singh A, Vieta E, Carvalho AF, Ashton MM, Berk L, Cotton SM, et al. 2017. Staging in bipolar disorder: From theoretical framework to clinical utility. World Psych. 16:236–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boerman R, Cohen D, Schulte PF, Nugter A. 2016. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adult outpatients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 36:588–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudebesse C, Lajnef M, Geoffroy PA, Bellivier F, Nieto I, Gard S, Olie E, Azorin JM, Kahn JP, Bougerol T, et al,, . 2013. Chronotypes of bipolar patients in remission: Validation of the French version of the circadian type inventory in the FACE-BD sample. Chronobiol Int. 30:1042–49. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.798330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon DM, Ichise M, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Rollis D, Gandhi SK, Klaver JM, Charney DS, Manji HK, Drevets WC. 2006. Serotonin transporter binding in bipolar disorder assessed using [11C]DASB and positron emission tomography. Biol Psych. 60:207–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson A, Svennerholm L, Winblad B. 1980. Seasonal and circadian monoamine variations in human brains examined post mortem. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 280:75–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cermakian N, Boivin DB. 2003. A molecular perspective of human circadian rhythm disorders. Brain Res Rev. 42:204–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark A, Mach N. 2016. Role of vitamin D in the hygiene hypothesis: The interplay between vitamin D, vitamin D receptors, gut microbiota, and immune response. Front Immunol. 7:627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coomans CP, Ramkisoensing A, Meijer JH. 2015. The suprachiasmatic nuclei as a seasonal clock. Front Neuroendocrinol. 37:29–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Melo LGP, Nunes SOV, Anderson G, Vargas HO, Barbosa DS, Galecki P, Carvalho AF, Maes M. 2017. Shared metabolic and immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych. 78:34–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulcis D, Jamshidi P, Leutgeb S, Spitzer NC. 2013. Neurotransmitter switching in the adult brain regulates behavior. Science. 340:449–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etain B, Dumaine A, Bellivier F, Pagan C, Francelle L, Goubran-Botros H, Moreno S, Deshommes J, Moustafa K, Le Dudal K, et al. 2012. Genetic and functional abnormalities of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway in patients with bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet. 21:4030–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etain B, Milhiet V, Bellivier F, Leboyer M. 2011. Genetics of circadian rhythms and mood spectrum disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 Suppl 4:S676–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faedda GL, Tondo L, Teicher MH, Baldessarini RJ, Gelbard HA, Floris GF. 1993. Seasonal mood disorders. Patterns of seasonal recurrence in mania and depression. Arch Gen Psych. 50:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farajnia S, Van Westering TL, Meijer JH, Michel S. 2014. Seasonal induction of GABAergic excitation in the central mammalian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:9627–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers SA, Evans SJ, Ward KM, McInnis MG, Ellingrod VL. 2017. Interaction between atypical antipsychotics and the gut microbiome in a bipolar disease cohort. Pharmacotherapy. 37:261–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Bellivier F, Scott J, Boudebesse C, Lajnef M, Gard S, Kahn JP, Azorin JM, Henry C, Leboyer M, et al. 2013. Bipolar disorder with seasonal pattern: Clinical characteristics and gender influences. Chronobiol Int. 30:1101–07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Bellivier F, Scott J, Etain B. 2014a. Seasonality and bipolar disorder: A systematic review, from admission rates to seasonality of symptoms. J Affect Disord. 168:210–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Boudebesse C, Bellivier F, Lajnef M, Henry CLeboyer M, Scott J, Etain B.J Affect Disord. 2014 Apr;158:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.012. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
   Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Boudebesse C, Henrion A, Jamain S, Henry C, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B. 2014b. An ASMT variant associated with bipolar disorder influences sleep and circadian rhythms: A pilot study. Genes Brain Behav. 13:299–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Etain B, Franchi JA, Bellivier F, Ritter P. 2015a. Melatonin and melatonin agonists as adjunctive treatments in bipolar disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 21:3352–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Godin O, Mahee D, Henry C, Aubin V, Azorin JM, Bougerol T, Courtet P, Gard S, Kahn JP, et al. 2017. Seasonal pattern in bipolar disorders and cardio-vascular risk factors: A study from the FACE-BD cohort. Chronobiol Int. 34:845–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Lajnef M, Bellivier F, Jamain S, Gard S, Kahn JP, Henry C, Leboyer M, Etain B. 2015b. Genetic association study of circadian genes with seasonal pattern in bipolar disorders. Sci Rep. 5:10232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Scott J, Boudebesse C, Lajnef M, Henry C, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B. 2015c. Reply: Sleep in patients with remitted bipolar disorders: Analyses stratified on actigraphy devices, age and gender. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 131:400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoffroy PA, Scott J, Boudebesse C, Lajnef M, Henry C, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B. 2015d. Sleep in patients with remitted bipolar disorders: A meta-analysis of actigraphy studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 131:89–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godson C, Reppert SM. 1997. The Mel1a melatonin receptor is coupled to parallel signal transduction pathways. Endocrinology. 138:397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez R. 2014. The relationship between bipolar disorder and biological rhythms. J Clin Psych. 75:e323–331.
   Google Scholar
• Guissoni Campos LM, Buchaim RL, da Silva NC, Spilla CSG, Hataka A, Pinato L. 2017. Suprachiasmatic nucleus and subordinate brain oscillators: Clock gene desynchronization by neuroinflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation. 24:231–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannibal J, Fahrenkrug J. 2006. Neuronal input pathways to the brain’s biological clock and their functional significance. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 182:1–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey AG. 2008. Sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder: Seeking synchrony, harmony, and regulation. Am J Psych. 165:820–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey AG, Mullin BC, Hinshaw SP. 2006. Sleep and circadian rhythms in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Dev Psychopathol. 18:1147–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlerigg DG, Wagner GC. 2006. Seasonal photoperiodism in vertebrates: From coincidence to amplitude. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 17:83–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichimiya T, Suhara T, Sudo Y, Okubo Y, Nakayama K, Nankai M, Inoue M, Yasuno F, Takano A, Maeda J, et al. 2002. Serotonin transporter binding in patients with mood disorders: A PET study with [11C](+)McN5652. Biol Psych. 51:715–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illnerova H, Vanecek J. 1980. Pineal rhythm in N-acetyltransferase activity in rats under different artificial photoperiods and in natural daylight in the course of a year. Neuroendocrinology. 31:321–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illnerova H, Vanecek J. 1985. Entrainment of the circadian rhythm in rat pineal N-acetyltransferase activity under extremely long and short photoperiods. J Pineal Res. 2:67–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger C, Tischkau SA. 2016. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in circadian clock disruption and metabolic dysfunction. Environ Health Insights. 10:133–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong JK, Park SY. 2015. Melatonin regulates the autophagic flux via activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pineal Res. 59:24–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, Sellmann C, Ziegenhardt D, Landmann M, Kanuri G, Lounis H, Schroder M, Vetter W, Bergheim I. 2016. Sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of the early signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of melatonin and lipid peroxidation. Br J Nutr. 2016 Nov 23: 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston JD, Ebling FJ, Hazlerigg DG. 2005. Photoperiod regulates multiple gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis of the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Eur J Neurosci. 21:2967–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczmarek JL, Thompson SV, Holscher HD. 2017. Complex interactions of circadian rhythms, eating behaviors, and the gastrointestinal microbiota and their potential impact on health. Nutr Rev. 75:673–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasahara K, Tanoue T, Yamashita T, Yodoi K, Matsumoto T, Emoto T, Mizoguchi T, Hayashi T, Kitano N, Sasaki N, et al. 2017. Commensal bacteria at the crossroad between cholesterol homeostasis and chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res. 58:519–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy SH, Kutcher SP, Ralevski E, Brown GM. 1996. Nocturnal melatonin and 24-hour 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels in various phases of bipolar affective disorder. Psych Res. 63:219–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JS, Ha TH, Chang JS, Park YS, Huh I, Kim J, Hong KS, Park T, Ha K. 2015. Seasonality and its distinct clinical correlates in bipolar II disorder. Psych Res. 225:540–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y, Santos R, Gage FH, Marchetto MC. 2017. Molecular mechanisms of bipolar disorder: Progress made and future challenges. Front Cell Neurosci. 11:30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein DCBerg GR. 1970. Pineal gland: stimulation of melatonin production by norepinephrine involves cyclic amp-mediated stimulation of n-acetyltransferase. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. 3:241–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein DC, Weller J. 1970. Input and output signals in a model neural system: The regulation of melatonin production in the pineal gland. In Vitro. 6:197–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar A, Narayanaswamy JC, Venkatasubramanian G, Raguram R, Grover S, Aswath M. 2017. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its clinical correlates among patients with bipolar disorder. Asian J Psychiatr. 26:109–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundu R, Theodoraki A, Haas CT, Zhang Y, Chain B, Kriston-Vizi J, Noursadeghi M, Khoo B. 2017. Cell-type-specific modulation of innate immune signalling by vitamin D in human mononuclear phagocytes. Immunology. 150:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavoie MP, Lam RW, Bouchard G, Sasseville A, Charron MC, Gagne AM, Tremblay P, Filteau MJ, Hebert M. 2009. Evidence of a biological effect of light therapy on the retina of patients with seasonal affective disorder. Biol Psych. 66:253–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HJ, Woo HG, Greenwood TA, Kripke DF, Kelsoe JR. 2013. A genome-wide association study of seasonal pattern mania identifies NF1A as a possible susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 145:200–07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitan RD. 2007. The chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 9:315–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Miller LS, Hoban TM. 1987. Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light. Science. 235:352–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein P, Yip BH, Bjork C, Pawitan Y, Cannon TD, Sullivan PF, Hultman CM. 2009. Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: A population-based study. Lancet. 373:234–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima MM, Andersen ML, Reksidler AB, Silva A, Zager A, Zanata SM, Vital MA, Tufik S. 2008. Blockage of dopaminergic D(2) receptors produces decrease of REM but not of slow wave sleep in rats after REM sleep deprivation. Behav Brain Res. 188:406–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen EA, van Diepen HC, Houben T, Michel S, Colwell CS, Meijer JH. 2012. Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in seasonal encoding by the suprachiasmatic nucleus clock. Eur J Neurosci. 35:1466–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnusson A. 2000. An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 101:176–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek ZS, Sage D, Pevet P, Raison S. 2007. Daily rhythm of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 messenger ribonucleic acid within raphe neurons is induced by corticoid daily surge and modulated by enhanced locomotor activity. Endocrinology. 148:5165–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour HA, Wood J, Chowdari KV, Dayal M, Thase ME, Kupfer DJ, Monk TH, Devlin B, Nimgaonkar VL. 2005. Circadian phase variation in bipolar I disorder. Chronobiol Int. 22:571–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus RP, Cecon E, Pires-Lapa MA. 2013. Immune-pineal axis: Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) mediates the shift in the melatonin source from pinealocytes to immune competent cells. Int J Mol Sci. 14:10979–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marti-Soler H, Gubelmann C, Aeschbacher S, Alves L, Bobak M, Bongard V, Clays E, de Gaetano G, Di Castelnuovo A, Elosua R, et al. 2014. Seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors: An analysis including over 230 000 participants in 15 countries. Heart. 100:1517–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maywood ES, Chesham JE, O’Brien JA, Hastings MH. 2011. A diversity of paracrine signals sustains molecular circadian cycling in suprachiasmatic nucleus circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:14306–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung CA. 2011. Circadian rhythms and mood regulation: Insights from pre-clinical models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 Suppl 4:S683–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, Kessler RC. 2007. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psych. 64:543–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milhiet V, Etain B, Boudebesse C, Bellivier F. 2011. Circadian biomarkers, circadian genes and bipolar disorders. J Physiol Paris. 105:183–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molendijk ML, Bus BA, Spinhoven P, Kaimatzoglou A, Oude Voshaar RC, Penninx BW, van IMH, Elzinga BM. 2012a. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between BDNF val(66)met and hippocampal volume – a genuine effect or a winners curse? Am J Med Genet Part B. 159B:731–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molendijk ML, Bus BA, Spinhoven P, Penninx BW, Prickaerts J, Oude Voshaar RC, Elzinga BM. 2012b. Gender specific associations of serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in anxiety. World J Biol Psych. 13:535–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira J, Geoffroy PA. 2016. Lithium and bipolar disorder: Impacts from molecular to behavioural circadian rhythms. Chronobiol Int. 33:351–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris G, Walder K, McGee SL, Dean OM, Tye SJ, Maes M, Berk M. 2017. A model of the mitochondrial basis of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 74:1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Krishnamurthy VB, Millett CE, Reider A, Can A, Groer M, Fuchs D, Postolache TT, Saunders EFH. 2018. Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 20:27–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray G, Harvey A. 2010. Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 12:459–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan PJ, Burrows GD, Norman TR. 1999. Melatonin sensitivity to dim white light in affective disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 21:408–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumeister A, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, Asenbaum S, Stastny J, Hilger E, Pirker W, Konstantinidis A, Kasper S. 2001. Dopamine transporter availability in symptomatic depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy controls. Psychol Med. 31:1467–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurnberger JI Jr., Adkins S, Lahiri DK, Mayeda A, Hu K, Lewy A, Miller A, Bowman ES, Miller MJ, Rau L, et al. 2000. Melatonin suppression by light in euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients. Arch Gen Psych. 57:572–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden RT, Ojha A, Erlandsson K, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ, Parsey RV. 2007. In vivo quantification of serotonin transporters using [(11)C]DASB and positron emission tomography in humans: Modeling considerations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 27:205–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Sullivan GM, Miller JM, Milak MM, Sublette ME, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Burke AK, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. 2016. Positron emission tomographic imaging of the serotonergic system and prediction of risk and lethality of future suicidal behavior. JAMA Psych. 73:1048–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oren DA. 1991. Retinal melatonin and dopamine in seasonal affective disorder. J Neural Transm General Sect. 83:85–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda S, Antoch MP, Miller BH, Su AI, Schook AB, Straume M, Schultz PG, Kay SA, Takahashi JS, Hogenesch JB. 2002. Coordinated transcription of key pathways in the mouse by the circadian clock. Cell. 109:307–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Maestroni GJ, Cardinali DP, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R. 2006. Melatonin: Nature’s most versatile biological signal? FEBS J. 273:2813–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prosser RA, Dean RR, Edgar DM, Heller HC, Miller JD. 1993. Serotonin and the mammalian circadian system: I. In vitro phase shifts by serotonergic agonists and antagonists. J Biol Rhythms. 8:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter PS, Marx C, Lewtschenko N, Pfeiffer S, Leopold K, Bauer M, Pfennig A. 2012. The characteristics of sleep in patients with manifest bipolar disorder, subjects at high risk of developing the disease and healthy controls. J Neural Transm. 119:1173–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robillard R, Naismith SL, Rogers NL, Ip TK, Hermens DF, Scott EM, Hickie IB. 2013. Delayed sleep phase in young people with unipolar or bipolar affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 145:260–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, Lewy AJ, Goodwin FK, Davenport Y, Mueller PS, Newsome DA, Wehr TA. 1984. Seasonal affective disorder. A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psych. 41:72–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. 2005. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 437:1257–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severino G, Manchia M, Contu P, Squassina A, Lampus S, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M. 2009. Association study in a Sardinian sample between bipolar disorder and the nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha gene, a critical component of the circadian clock system. Bipolar Disord. 11:215–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonneaux V, Ribelayga C. 2003. Generation of the melatonin endocrine message in mammals: A review of the complex regulation of melatonin synthesis by norepinephrine, peptides, and other pineal transmitters. Pharmacol Rev. 55:325–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza-Teodoro LH, Dargenio-Garcia L, Petrilli-Lapa CL, Souza Eda S, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Ferreira ZS. 2016. Adenosine triphosphate inhibits melatonin synthesis in the rat pineal gland. J Pineal Res. 60:242–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumova A, Sladek M, Jac M, Illnerova H. 2002. The circadian rhythm of Per1 gene product in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and its modulation by seasonal changes in daylength. Brain Res. 947:260–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taher AT, Saliba AN, Kuo KH, Giardina PJ, Cohen AR, Neufeld EJ, Aydinok Y, Kwiatkowski JL, Jeglinski BI, Pietropaolo K, et al. 2017. Safety and pharmacokinetics of the oral iron chelator SP-420 in beta-thalassemia. Am J Hematol. 92:1356–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi JS, Hong HK, Ko CH, McDearmon EL. 2008. The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: Implications for physiology and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 9:764–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terman M, Terman JS, Quitkin FM, Cooper TB, Lo ES, Gorman JM, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ. 1988. Response of the melatonin cycle to phototherapy for seasonal affective disorder. Short note. J Neural Transm. 72:147–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tournier BB, Dardente H, Simonneaux V, Vivien-Roels B, Pevet P, Masson-Pevet M, Vuillez P. 2007. Seasonal variations of clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus). Eur J Neurosci. 25:1529–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer AE, Levitan RD, Houle S, Wilson AA, Nobrega JN, Meyer JH. 2016a. Increased seasonal variation in serotonin transporter binding in seasonal affective disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Sep;41(10):2447–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer AE, Levitan RD, Houle S, Wilson AA, Nobrega JN, Rusjan PM, Meyer JH. 2016b. Serotonin transporter binding is reduced in seasonal affective disorder following light therapy. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 134:410–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valvassori SS, Dal-Pont GC, Steckert AV, Varela RB, Lopes-Borges J, Mariot E, Resende WR, Arent CO, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. 2016. Sodium butyrate has an antimanic effect and protects the brain against oxidative stress in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. Psych Res. 235:154–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton JC, Weil ZM, Nelson RJ. 2011. Influence of photoperiod on hormones, behavior, and immune function. Front Neuroendocrinol. 32:303–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Patten SB, Williams JV, Currie S, Beck CA, Maxwell CJ, El-Guebaly N. 2005. Help-seeking behaviours of individuals with mood disorders. Can J Psych Revue. 50:652–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Kuang Z, Yu X, Ruhn KA, Kubo M, Hooper LV. 2017. The intestinal microbiota regulates body composition through NFIL3 and the circadian clock. Science. 357:912–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkovsky P. 2004. Dopamine and retinal function. Doc Ophthalmol Adv Ophthal. 108:17–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JW, Cope ZA, Romoli BSchrurs E, Aniek J, van Enkhuizen J, Sharp RF, Dulcis D. (In press). Mice with reduced DAT levels recreate seasonal-induced switching between states in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 Feb 27. doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0031-y. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Du J, Yano N, Wang H, Zhao YT, Dubielecka PM, Zhuang S, Chin YE, Qin G, Zhao TC. 2017. Sodium butyrate protects against high fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disorders in type II diabetic mice. J Cell Biochem. 118:2395–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar