A brief pre-exercise nap may alleviate physical performance impairments induced by short-term sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation – A field-based study

References

• Angus RG, Pigeau RA, Heslegrave RJ. 1992. Sustained-operations studies: from the field to the laboratory. In Stampi C, editor. Why we nap. Evolution, chronobiology and functions of polyphasic and ultrashort sleep. Boston (USA): Birkhauser; p. 217–41.
   Google Scholar
• Balkin TJ, Braun AR, Wesensten NJ, Jeffries K, Varga M, Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P. 2002. The process of awakening: A PET study of regional brain activity patterns mediating the re-establishment of alertness and consciousness. Brain. 125:2308–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beedie CJ, Foad AJ. 2009. The placebo effect in sports performance: A brief review. Sports Med. 39:313–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchfield AW, Lewis-Jones TM, Wignall JR, Roberts JB, Oliver SJ. 2018. The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners. Eur J Sport Sci. doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1477180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks A, Lack L. 2006. A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: Which nap duration is most recuperative?. Sleep. 29:831–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell JA, Mallis MM, Caldwell JL, Paul MA, Miller JC, Neri DF; Aerospace Medical Association Fatigue Countermeasures Subcommittee of the Aerospace Human Factors C. 2009. Fatigue countermeasures in aviation. Aviat Space Environ Med 80:29–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellani JW, Delany JP, O’Brien C, Hoyt RW, Santee WR, Young AJ. 2006. Energy expenditure in men and women during 54 h of exercise and caloric deprivation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 38:894–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guezennec CY, Satabin P, Legrand H, Bigard AX. 1994. Physical performance and metabolic changes induced by combined prolonged exercise and different energy intakes in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 68:525–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam DR. 1982. Sleep loss, recovery sleep, and military performance. Ergonomics. 25:163–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam DR. 1984. The military performance of soldiers in sustained operations. Aviat Space Environ Med. 55:216–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayashi M, Motoyoshi N, Hori T. 2005. Recuperative power of a short daytime nap with or without stage 2 sleep. Sleep. 28:829–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henning PC, Park BS, Kim JS. 2011. Physiological decrements during sustained military operational stress. Mil Med. 176:991–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. 1973. Quantification of sleepiness: A new approach. Psychophysiology. 10:431–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland K, Marino F, Micalos P. 2002. The effect of short sleep “nap” on endurance exercise in sleep deprived subjects. J Sci Med Sport. 5:41.
   Google Scholar
• Jewett ME, Wyatt JK, Ritz-De Cecco A, Khalsa SB, Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. 1999. Time course of sleep inertia dissipation in human performance and alertness. J Sleep Res. 8:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keramidas ME, Gadefors M, Nilsson LO, Eiken O. 2018. Physiological and psychological determinants of whole-body endurance exercise following short-term sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation. Eur J Appl Physiol. doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3869-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson H, Tegern M, Monnier A, Skoglund J, Helander C, Persson E, Malm C, Broman L, Aasa U. 2015. Content Validity Index and Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of a New Muscle Strength/Endurance Test Battery for Swedish Soldiers. PLoS One. 10:e0132185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman HR, Bathalon GP, Falco CM, Kramer FM, Morgan CA 3rd, Niro P. 2005. Severe decrements in cognition function and mood induced by sleep loss, heat, dehydration, and undernutrition during simulated combat. Biol Psychiatry. 57:422–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubin A, Hord DJ, Tracy ML, Johnson LC. 1976. Effects of exercise, bedrest and napping on performance decrement during 40 hours. Psychophysiology. 13:334–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumley M, Roehrs T, Zorick F, Lamphere J, Roth T. 1986. The alerting effects of naps in sleep-deprived subjects. Psychophysiology. 23:403–08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMahon C, Schucker L, Hagemann N, Strauss B. 2014. Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance during running. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 36:375–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg J. 2011. Physical Fitness Tests in the Nordic Armed Forces - A Description of Basic Test Protocols. Oslo (Norway): The Norwegian Defence University College, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences/Defence Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V. 2009. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. J Appl Physiol. 106:857–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naitoh P, Angus RG. 1987. Napping and human functioning during prolonged work. In Naval Health Research Center Technical Report 87-21. San Diego (CA): Naval Health Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Naitoh P, Englund CE, Ryman DH. 1983. Extending human effectiveness during sustained operations through sleep management. In Naval Health Research Center Technical Report 83-13. San Diego (CA): Naval Health Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Nindl BC, Leone CD, Tharion WJ, Johnson RF, Castellani JW, Patton JF, Montain SJ. 2002. Physical performance responses during 72 h of military operational stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34:1814–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pointon M, Marino F. 2013. The effect of “power naps” on aerobic capacity in sleep-deprived subjects. J Sci Med Sport. 16:e31.
   Google Scholar
• Shacham S. 1983. A shortened version of the Profile of Mood States. J Pers Assess. 47:305–06.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signal TL, van den Berg MJ, Mulrine HMGander PH. 2012. Duration of sleep inertia after napping during simulated night work and in extended operations. Chronobiol Int. 29:769–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, De Haes JC. 1995. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 39:315–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stray-Gundersen J, Chapman RF, Levine BD. 2001. “Living high-training low” altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. J Appl Physiol. 91:1113–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassi P, Muzet A. 2000. Sleep inertia. Sleep Med Rev. 4:341–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassone EC, Baker BA. 2017. Body weight and body composition changes during military training and deployment involving the use of combat rations: A systematic literature review. Br J Nutr. 117:897–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tharion WJ, Lieberman HR, Montain SJ, Young AJ, Baker-Fulco CJ, Delany JP, Hoyt RW. 2005. Energy requirements of military personnel. Appetite. 44:47–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietzel AJ, Lack LC. 2001. The short-term benefits of brief and long naps following nocturnal sleep restriction. Sleep. 24:293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagstaff CR. 2014. Emotion regulation and sport performance. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 36:401–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterhouse J, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Reilly T. 2007. The role of a short post-lunch nap in improving cognitive, motor, and sprint performance in participants with partial sleep deprivation. J Sports Sci. 25:1557–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmore JH. 1968. Influence of motivation on physical work capacity and performance. J Appl Physiol. 24:459–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar